operations center, nps, monterey, ca driftsonde center, driftsonde balloon release, hawaii aircraft...

Operations center, NPS, Monterey, CA

Driftsonde center,

Driftsonde Balloon release,Hawaii

Aircraft locations, and

aircraft operations centers

Guam

Japan

Taiwan

Okinawa

THORPEX-Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC)and

Tropical Cyclone Structure-08 Experiment (TCS-08)

• 9 participating nations– Canada, China, U.K., France, Germany, Japan,

South Korea, Taiwan, United States• Over 500 aircraft mission flight hours

– 216 C-130, 179 P-3, 83 Falcon, 37 DOTSTAR• 76 missions

– 25 Falcon, 23 C-130, 21 P-3, 7 DOTSTAR

• 7 airfields– Andersen AFB, Guam; NAF Atsugi, Japan; Kadena

AFB, Okinawa, Japan; Taiwan, Yokota AFB, Japan; MCAS Iwakuni, Japan; Misawa AB, Japan

• 11 tropical circulation systems– 4 typhoons, 1 TD, 1 ex-TS, 5 others

Firsts• First operation of the Driftsonde in the Pacific

– Launch from Hawaii– Dropsonde data retrieved and sent to GTS for use in

operational numerical weather forecasting models

• First use of the ELDORA radar in typhoons over the western North Pacific flight operations in:– Cloud clusters– Developing tropical cyclones– Mature tropical cyclones– Tropical cyclones undergoing extratropical transition

• First buoy drop in front of a WPAC TC– Two TCs– First time a category 5 TC passed over buoys dropped in its path

Firsts• First operation of WC-130Js at 31,000 ft altitude except

when penetrating a mature TC– Dropped sondes and AXBTs from high altitude– Timed with passage of polar-orbiting satellites for satellite

intensity validation• First four plane operation in a WPAC TC• First systematic targeting operation in the WPAC

– Comparison of several methods from a variety of operational and research organizations

– Multiple aircraft– ECMWF/UKMO Data Targeting System (DTS)

• First systematic observations of full extratropical transition process– Multiple aircraft

• Airborne Doppler Radar• In situ observations

– land-based radar– Timed with satellite overpass

TCS-08TC Structure and intensity

changes

T-PARC:Extratropical Transition,

Downstream Impacts, Targeting for Improved Track Predictions

Experiments to study TC rapid intensification and concentric eye-wall cycles by C. C. Wu utilizing aircraft observations during the pre-recurvature period of TY Sinlaku

EXP 1003: Only Data Assimilated from the first flights into TY Sinlaku

TransformationStages

Re-intensificationas a typhoon

ExtratropicalStage

2120

19

18

17

16

15

DOTSTAR,DLR FALCON

WC-130J, NRL P-3, DLR Falcon



WC-130J, NRL P-3 DLR FALCON

TY Sinlaku: 1200 UTC 10 September – 0000 UTC 21 September

Impacts and Processes associated with the Extratropical Transition of TY Sinlaku•Uncertainty in downstream development•Utility of aircraft data in identifying important structural characteristics

1200 UTC15 SEP

Standard deviation of 500 hPa among ensemble members averaged between 40o-60oNBlack dots = location of Sinlaku and ex-Sinlaku in individual membersRed dot = location at time of Extratropical Transition

Julia Keller, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

1200 UTC 15 SEP

TIGGE

Keller et al 2011 (GRL)

Use of TIGGE to examine the ability of ensemble systems to represent forecast scenarios as defined by a fuzzy cluster analysis of the large-scale upper-level flow patterns associated with TY Sinlaku and Jangmi during T-PARC

Typhoon Sinlaku07-22 September 2008

Re-intensification 17-18 September 2008

18 Sep / 0200 UTC16 Sep / 1800 UTC

Post Recurvature Structure Change and Re-intensification

1. Synoptic-scale processes facilitated the re-invigoration of deep convection

2. Mesoscale and convective-scale processes contributed to an increase in the vorticity of the TC, which resulted in the re-intensification of Sinlaku.

A. Interactions between the tilted TC vortex and multiple mesoscale circulations

B. The re-intensification of Sinlaku continued as multiple episodes of deep convection rotated cyclonically around and inward toward the TC center.

212019

18

1716

15

DOTSTAR,DLR FALCON




WC-130J, NRL P-3

DLR FALCON

W E

• Sinlaku CC / Convective Towers (>14 km)– Deep convection – Reflectivity

• Multiple towers with reflectivity > 35 dBZ at 12 km• Base of reflectivity in the tower region increases to the

east

– Vorticity• Deep towers of positive vorticity coincident with towers

of high reflectivity; maximum between 10-12 km• Maxima associated with the Sinlaku LLCC tilts eastward

with height into western tower of positive vorticity

– Vertical Motion• ~30 m s-1

• Maximum between 10-12 km

– Convergence into the column through 10 km; divergence at upper-levels



ExtratropicalStage

2120

19

18

17

16

15

DOTSTAR,DLR FALCON







ELDORA reflectivity and horizontal winds as defined by the SAMURAI analysis package developed by Michael Bell. TC Structural characteristics are related to the forcing due to westerly vertical wind shear

Annette Forster, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Areal coverage of upward and downward motion in each quadrant of the storm

Northwest

Southwest Southeast

Northeast

Annette Forster, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany



ExtratropicalStage

2120

19

18

17

16

15

DOTSTAR,DLR FALCON







Final Stage of Extratropical Transition

SAMURAI Analysis with ELDORA, aircraft, and satellite data

ECMWF Analysis (YOTC) used as background for SAMURAI Analysis

Black line = NRL P-3 flight path, black arcs = NRL P-3 and WC-130J Dropwindsonde trajectories

Julian Quinting, KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany

Analysis of aircraft dropwindsonde data, satellite winds, and ELDORA winds with the background field defined by the ECMWF analysis as obtained from the YOTC database


ELDORA Reflectivity with SAMURAI in-plane and vertical winds

South North South North

SAMURAI in-plane and vertical winds and moist static energy

Convective region (x = 125 km)


TYPE 2008 2009 2010 2011

Refereed Articles 1 18 17 8

Conference papers and presentations, Technical Reports

6 9 16

PhD Dissertations 1 3 5

M.S. Theses 4 2 6

T-PARC/TCS-08 Related Publications/Theses

Summary and Outlook• Successful field campaign

– Design– Execution– Data processing – QC– Distributed Data Archive (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_list/?project=T-

PARC)• Initial Results

– Concentrated on results of targeted data experiments– Data denial experiments

• Improved forecast tracks during pre-recurvature periods• Forecast improvements are sensitive to the type of aircraft observations (i.e., inner core,

near-storm environment, remote sensitive area• Forecast improvements are sensitive to the type of measurement (i.e., dropwindsonde,

Doppler wind lidar).• Most recent results are examining the relative impacts of targeted satellite data

• Meetings– International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones (ITWC) March 2010– International Workshop on Extratropical Transition (IWET) May 2012

Summary and Outlook• Process studies

– Tropical cyclone structure and intensity changes– Interaction with YOTC and TIGGE

• Physical processes• Forecast Verification

– Extratropical Transition• Predictability of downstream impacts• New data sets providing detailed examination of structural characteristics.• Identification of the evolution to an extratropical cyclone

• Outlook – Link detailed observations of post recurvature structure to impacts on

the predictability associated with downstream impacts and development of the extratropical cyclone.

– Examination of structure and intensity changes– Relative roles of satellite and in situ observations relative to improved

track forecasts.

operations center, nps, monterey, ca driftsonde center, driftsonde balloon release, hawaii aircraft...

Documents

tc structure

japan taiwan

location of sinlaku

japan kadena afb

study tc rapid intensification

plane operation

othersfirstsfirst operation

japan misawa ab