Fareham College

Computer Science:

Rikki Prince (ECS teaching fellow)

Electronics and Computer Science

University of Southampton

The best fun there is?

“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clarke

“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clarke

“It's still magic even if you know how it's done.” Terry Pratchett

Information

How muchinformationper pixel?

Red x Green x Blue

8 bits x 8 bits x 8 bits

28 x 28 x 28 colours

224 colours

210 x 210 x 24 colours

~ 103 x 103 x 16 colours

~ 16 million colours

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Who thought of bits?

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Claude E Shannon

Claude Shannon (1948).

"A Mathematical Theory of Communication".

Famous book:

Warren Weaver and Claude Elwood Shannon (1963). The Mathematical Theory of Communication

The Ultimate Machine!

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Shannon was

amazing!

How many bytesper picture? 3 bytes per pixel

10 megapixels per picture

30 megabytes per picture

A picture from my 10 mp camera says: ~ 5 megabytes

Yes! It is in JPEG format. (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

Compression!Fareham

College

The LZW Algorithm

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Abraham Lempel

Jacob Ziv

Terry Welch

Detecting Edges and Circles

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Detecting Edges and Circles Edges

Sobel

Circles

Hough

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Conway’s Game of Life Grid of “cells” (B/W pixels)

For each cell look at 8 neighbours

1. “Die” if < 2 neighbours

2. “Live” if 2-3 neighbours

3. “Die” if > 3 neighbours

4. “Born” if exactly 3 neighbours

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Schelling’s Segregation Grid of “houses” (red,

green, black pixels)

Every “agent” has a “same-type preference” p%

Rules

Select agent at random

If % of neighbours that are same type <p% move to random empty house Fareham College

Processing + Arduino

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Computer Science Theoretical foundations of information and computation

Practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.

The systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information

What can be (efficiently) automated?

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Sub-fields of CS

computer graphics - specific resultscomputational complexity theory - properties of

computational problemsChallenges in implementing computations: - programming language theory studies

approaches to describing computations - computer programming applies specific

programming languages to solve specific computational problems

- human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to people.

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Information Technology (IT)

“the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware.”Deals with the use of electronic computers

and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information.

There is really a spectrum!

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Theory (Maths)

Applied (Vocationa

l)

Mat

hs

Voc atio nal

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Part I, Semester 1 COMP1004 Programming Principles (Compulsory)

COMP1007 Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science (Compulsory)

INFO1010 Personal and Professional Development (Compulsory)

MATH1014 Engineering Mathematics for Computer Science (Compulsory)

COMP1002 Computer Systems and Applications (Optional)

ELEC1013 Introduction to Digital Electronics (Optional)

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Part I, Semester 2 COMP1001 Introduction to Formal Methods

(Compulsory)

COMP1003 Advanced Programming (Compulsory)

COMP1006 Computer Architecture (Compulsory)

COMP1008 Software Engineering (Compulsory)

COMP1009 Data Structures and Algorithms (Compulsory)

COMP1005 System Administration Tools and Techniques (Compulsory)

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Part II, Semester 1

COMP2002 Computational Systems (Compulsory)

COMP2006 Human-Computer Interaction (Compulsory)

COMP2007 Software Analysis and Design (Compulsory)

COMP2009 Operating Systems (Compulsory)

COMP2010 Compiler Engineering (Compulsory)

INFO2009 Professional & Legal Issues (Compulsory)

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Part II, Semester 2

COMP2004 Database Systems (Compulsory)

COMP2005 Distributed Computing (Compulsory)

COMP2008 Communications and Networks (Compulsory)

COMP2011 Theory of Computing (Compulsory)

COMP2012 Software Engineering Group Project (Compulsory)

COMP2039 Artificial Intelligence (Compulsory)

Some Year 3 modules:

COMP3020 Individual Project COMP3004 Principles of Computer Graphics COMP3005 Computer Vision COMP3006 Real-time Computing and Embedded Systems COMP3008 Machine Learning COMP3010 Advanced Computer Networks COMP3011 Critical Systems COMP3013 Multimedia Systems COMP3016 Hypertext and Web Technologies COMP3017 Advanced Databases COMP3018 E-Business Techniques COMP3028 Knowledge Technologies COMP3032 Intelligent Algorithms ELEC3020 Advanced Computer Architecture ENTR3002 New Venture Development

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Finding ECS details

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Courses in ECS

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Example: MEng CS

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Example: Programming 1

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…..and more

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Serendipity

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Who Does Comp Sci?

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Who is this?

Professor Sir Tim Berners-Lee OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA

On 25 December, 1990 he implemented the first successful communication between an HTTP client and server via the Internet

English Computer Scientist!

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Born 8 June 1955

Degree: The Queen’s College Oxford

Occupation: Computer Scientist

The Web – most successful information architecture in history

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Prof Dame Wendy Hall

Thought Tim B-L’s invention would go nowhere!

First non-American President of the ACM

On Prime Minister’s Advisory Panel on Technology

Girls notin Computer Science

'Geek' perception of computer science putting off girls, expert warns Prof Dame Wendy Hall

Computer Science had to be "given a buzz" to all pupils in primary schools and children needed to be shown how vital the discipline is to society.

"Girls have been further put off by dumbing down computing to IT literacy ... They think that if they study computing they are going to become secretaries."

Separate statistics reveal that just 148 girls took the AQA exam board's computing A-level – seen as one of the most difficult computing A-levels – last summer, compared to 2,123 boys. Five years earlier, 3,628 boys and 297 girls took the exam.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2012/jan/10/fewer-girls-taking-computer-science?newsfeed=true

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Julian Field Author of:

The World’s most used email virus and spam management program – and it is free!

Protecting more than 1 billion emails every day.

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Donald KnuthAuthor: The Art of

Computer Programming

Current version of TeX: 3.1415926

Prize for finding an error in book: $2.56

iPhone.

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American technology?

Apple Chief Designer

• ?Three processor chips

• ?Graphics processor

• ?

iPhone.

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British technologyApple Chief Designer

• Jonathan Ive (British)Three processor

chips

• ARM (British)Graphics processor

• Imagination (British)

New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg takescoding courseNew York Mayor Michael Bloomberg has resolved to take an online computer coding course.

The mayor is joining more than 180,000 people currently taking part in Code Year, a campaign to encourage more people to programme.

"My New Year's resolution is to learn to code with Codecademy in 2012!" he wrote on Twitter.

Participants in the course receive an interactive lesson each week, via email.

The campaign promises that participants will be "building apps and websites before you know it".http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-

16440126

But I want to... Get rich

Help people

Be creative

Make things

Understand how people think

Cure cancer

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Richard Jones Wrote Audioscrobbler

as his Part III Project!

Software monitors your listening

Uses collaborative filtering to see a pattern

Records pattern and compares with patterns of others

Last.fm bought by CBS for $280m. Richard’s share was $38m!

Open Source

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Crowdfunding

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Distributed Computing Some tasks need lots of computing power

Protein Folding

Alzheimer’s

Huntington’s

Parkinson’s

Diabetes

Many cancers

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Watson

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Named after:Thomas J Watson

Won Jeopardy!

200 million pages of structured and unstructured content, four terabytes of disk storage, including the full text of Wikipedia.

Watson was not connected to the Internet during the game.

The future for Watson? Watson can quickly use clues that rely on subtle meanings,

puns, and riddles; something humans excel at and computers do not.

IBM machines have previously taken on chess players

Agreement with speech recognition firm Nuance Communications, to "explore, develop and commercialise" the Watson computing system's advanced analytics capabilities in the health care industry.

Watson can scan and analyse information from many more resources than a human can in a short period of time, potentially aiding doctors in diagnosing patients quickly.

Other possible applications for Watson's technology include dealing with big sets of data commonly found in the legal and financial worlds.

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Biological complexity

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World’s cheapest swarm robots

Emergent behaviour

About 10 quid each

Now manufactured in Hungary

Rule: I like to be close to you but not too close.

Get: Flocking behaviour

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Lord Drayson, ex-Minister for Science and Innovation, interested in a Student Robotics project

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Web Science isinterdisciplinary

PhysicsStatistical MechanicsPhase Transitions…

Political ScienceGovernance

Democratic Mechanisms…

Jan

ua

ry 1

, 2

00

9 “Openness will strengthen our democracy and promote efficiency and effectiveness in Government.”

--- President Obama

Putting Govt Data online-

Data.gov.uk beta

Ma

y 2

1,

20

09

Jan

ua

ry 1

9,

20

10

data.gov.uk online

Semantic Web and Linked Data enabled

Ma

y 2

1,

20

10data.gov online data.gov relaunch

with semantic web

featured

Jun

e3

0,2

00

9

De

cem

be

r 8

, 2

00

9 “Open Government

Directive” released

2009

2010 …

57 Data Sets

~3000 Data Sets

~2000 Data Sets

~4500 Data Sets

Jun

e,

20

10

2005

The Web – open government data

Why? Transparency

Accountability

Engagement

Improve Public Services

Efficiency – better for less

Economic and social value

Generate Music

Remember this... What if played through music box?

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Music Box of Life

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Art

Pixar Glitch

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Who needs

Computer Science?Lawyer

sDoctors

Accountants

Soldiers

Engineers

Celebs

Everyoneneeds

Computer Science

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The basis for a great future!Learn from real people have created it and who are creating it now!Create the future yourself! Great careers in Research and Development!

Computer Science!

What’s their business?

Gaming

Aardvark Swift, Climax Studios

Banks and Finance

BAML, Goldman Sachs, HSBC, Winton Capital Management

Professional services, Consultancy

Accenture, Deloitte, JP Morgan, KPMG, PwC

Technology/Software Solutions, Computers

Cisco Systems, IBM, Logica, Corefiling, Critical Software Technologies, Gresham Computing, MicroFocus, Netcraft, New Voice Media, Ocado, Open Market, Snowflake Software, Switch Concepts

City/Finance:

FactSet, Fidessa, Gloucester Research

What’s their business? [2]

Communications

Bloomberg, BBC Research and Development, BT Security, Ericsson Television, NDS, Telesoft Technologies, Telsis

Electronics and manufacturing

ARM, Atmel Technologies, BAE Systems, Cambridge Silicon Radio, Captec, ChamSys, Detica, Dialog Semiconductors, Imagination Technologies, Keeler, Schlumberger, SELEX Galileo, Qualcomm, Roke Manor Research, SPI Lasers, STI, Texas Instruments, Thales, Sagentia, EA Technology

Organizations/utilities

TeachFirst, Year in Industry, FDM, Contact Singapore, GCHQ, NATS, Centrica, Estee Lauder

Agencies

Gradcracker, Enterprise Recruitment, MatchTech, STR

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From the inaugural lecture given by Prof. D. W. Barron. Jan. 1971

“It is too late to turn back …. If computers are to be used for good, then I is essential that everyone should understand what they can do. …. because out of understanding comes judgement”

….changes in Society that computers will bring …. not going to be comfortable, but it is the job of those of us in the University to ensure, by research and education, that they are not catastrophic. That is why I am in the game. And to be honest,

it is great fun too!”

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Have fun!

Succeed!

Computer Science!

“Creativity is intelligence having fun!”

Albert Einstein