Compressed Baryonic Matter -Highlights &

Prospects-Byungsik Hong

Korea University

ホン ビョン シック ( こうりょう だいがく )洪炳軾 ( 高麗大學 )홍병식 ( 고려대학 )

Oct. 13-15, 2008 1ATHIC2008

The 2nd Asian Triangle Heavy Ion Conference(ATHIC 2008)

Outline-Motivation-Recent (≥2007) highlights from the present SIS experiments-Future perspectives for CBM at FAIR

Motivation for CBM

Oct. 13-15, 2008 2ATHIC2008

The challenge for the next century physicsThe most interesting & surprising things about high-density QCD

Confinement & Chiral-Symmetry Breakingby T. D. Lee and F. Wilczek

CollidersRHIC & LHC

Fixed Target Expt.

SIS18 (1990∼) ⇒SIS300 (2015 )∼

current

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 3

SIS18 at GSI-Experimental Highlights-

Accelerators & Detectors

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 4

FOPI

HADES

GSI at present

Strangeness Production

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 5

qqmfm q 22 :Relation GOR

SIS18

W. Weise, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 149, 1 (2003)In-medium Kaon energy

Modified properties of hadrons in dense baryonic matter viam*(), *() and *() for in-medium effect

Strangeness in Cold Nuclei

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 6

03.067.0

mb 13.087.0

)(

0

00

b

σ

Aσ=X+KA+πσ b

Inclusive K0–production in - + A reactions at 1.15 GeV/c

Expectation for vacuum cross section

Enhanced K0–production in cold nuclei !

M.L. Benabderramahne et al. (FOPI), submitted to PRL, arXiv:0807.3361

Strangeness in Cold Nuclei

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 7

M.L. Benabderramahne, PhD thesis, Heidelberg (2007), arXiv:0807.3361

Ratio of momentum distributionsANKE Data @ COSY p+A K++X at 2.5 GeV

- M. Büscher, et al., EPJA 22, 301 (2004)

Model interpretation with HSD U(K+) = +20 MeVConsistent with the K+ flow in Ni+Ni

Y.-J. K

im (F

OP

I), To

be p

ub

lished

ps

MeV 20

MeV 4982

MeV 140

2

22

K

sK m

pU

and K0 Production in AA

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 8

M. Merschmeyer et al. (FOPI), PRC 76, 024906 (2007)

Reconstruction of secondary vertices

~ 60k (100k) in Ni (Al)

~ 30k (60k) K0 in Ni (Al)

321det 101010 :yprobabilitdetection Total prodPP

Ni+Ni at 1.93 AGeV

Short Lived Resonances in AA

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 9

Al+Al at 1.92 AGeV (5 ⅹ108 recorded events/21 days, 10 TByte raw data)

Masses and widths consistent with PDG values. FOPIs reconstruction method and background construction works

for wide resonances.

*(1385) + (87.0 1.5%) p + - + = 39.4 ± 2.1 MeVc = 5 fm

X. Lopez et al. (FOPI), PRC 76, 052203(R) (2007)

K*(892) K + (∼100%) = 50.3 ± 0.6 MeVc = 4 fm

In preparation

5det 10P

Production in AA

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 10

Available data are still rather scarce.Large /K- - ratio is confirmed.

-A. Mangiarotti, et al. (FOPI), NPA 714, 89 (2003) 15% - 20% of all K- are produced via the – meson. Necessary to extend studies to larger size systems

(1020)

Al+Al at 1.92 GeVPreliminary

P. Gasik, (FOPI)

K. Piasecki,HADES data: A. Schmah (TUM)

6det 10P

Particle Yields at Freeze-out

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 11

Calculation by A. Andronic, private communication

s=1

J. Cleymans, et al., hep-ph/0511094

Al+Al @ 1.9 AGeV

Test of the statistical model by using strange particles in Al+Al @ 1.9A GeV

- Chemical equilibrium also in Al+Al. - Tfo(Al+Al) > Tfo(Au+Au)

- In-medium effects need to be extracted from other observables.

K--Cluster Production in AA

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 1212

Y. Akaishi and T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C 65, 044005 (2002); Phys. Lett. B 535, 70 (2002)

AY potential was designed to describe : - scattering length of free KN collision- X-ray shifts of kaonic hydrogen atom- mean and width of (1405)

3He 3HeK-

A. Dote et al., PRC70,044313(2004)

KN interaction is strongly attractive! (1405) is (K-p) bound state.

Strong KN attraction ⇒ Shrinking!

3He 3HeK-

Search for ppK-

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 13

Excess observed in Ni+Ni and Al+Al with statistical significance of ~5 Excess near the spectator/fireball interface region (like non-strange

clusters) Peak position in variance with FINUDA result Possible interpretation: N–bound state H(2129)

- Object seen in K-+d pπ- [O. Braun, et al., NPB 124, 45 (1977)] FOPI is also analyzing (ppnK- →Λ+d) channel.

p – Invariant Mass Spectra

FINUDA FINUDA

Ni+Ni

Al+Al

Rapidity distribution

midrapidity

Dielectron Production

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 14

HADES Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 052302 (2007)Phys. Lett. B 663, 43 (2008)

Dielectron Production

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 15

The e+e- pair excess is- Not driven by the heavy resonances, - But by pion production and propagation, involving Δ and low-mass ρ

excitations, and possibly bremsstrahung processes.

Eb (AGeV)

F=Ytot/Yη

1.0(HADES)

6.8±0.6±1.3±2.0

1.04(DLS)

6.5±0.5±2.1±1.9

2.0(HADES)

1.9±0.2±2.1±1.9

F: Dielectron excess factor above the known η Dalitz contribution

HADES Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 052302 (2007)Phys. Lett. B 663, 43 (2008)

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 16

Prospects for CBM at FAIR

FAIR: Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 17

FAIR Overview

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 18

Primary BeamsIntensity: X10∼1,000p : 4X1013/s @ 90 GeV238U : 1010/s @ 35 GeV/u

Secondary BeamsIntensity: X10,000Rare Isotopes @ 1.5∼2 GeV/uAnti p @ 3∼30 GeVStorage & Cooler

RingsBeams of Rare IsotopesStored and Cooled Anti p @ 0.8∼14.5 GeVe-A Collider

Research Program at FAIR1. Rare Isotope Beams (Super FRS)

Nuclear structure far off stability Nuclear synthesis in stars and supernovae

2. Antiproton Beams (Panda) Quark confinement potential Search for gluonic matter and hybrids

3. High-Energy Nuclear Beams (CBM) CBM : Compressed Baryonic Matter Baryonic matter at the highest density (neutron stars) Phase transition and critical endpoint In-medium properties of hadrons

4. Short pulse Heavy Ion Beams Fundamentals of nuclear fusion

5. Atomic Physics and Applications Highly charged atoms & low energy antiprotons Radiobiology

6. Accelerator Physics High intensity heavy-ion beams Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets High-energy electron cooling & dynamical vacuum

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 19

CBM: Physics Observables1.1. QCD Critical EndpointQCD Critical Endpoint

– Excitation function of event-by-event fluctuation (K/, ...)

2.2. Onset of Chiral Symmetry Restoration at High Onset of Chiral Symmetry Restoration at High BB – In-medium modification of hadrons (→e+e- or +-, ...)

3.3. Deconfinement Phase Transition at High Deconfinement Phase Transition at High BB – Excitation function and flow of strangeness (K, , , , )– Excitation function and flow of charm (J/, ’, D, c, …)

– Disappearance of quark-number scaling of elliptic flow

4.4. Equation-of-State (EoS) at High Equation-of-State (EoS) at High BB – Collective flow of hadrons– Particle production at (sub)threshold energies (, J/, D, …)

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 20

Simulation of Collision Event

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 21

Central Au+Au collision at 25A GeV (UrQMD+GEANT4)Total 1000 particles: ∼ 160 p + 400 - + 400 + + 44 K+ + 13 K-

Extremely complicated collision event requires sophisticated detector configuration!

CBM: Detector Requirements1.1. High-Rate Performance High-Rate Performance

Expected collision rate : 10∼ 7 Au+Au reactions/sec

2.2. Precise Reconstruction of Displaced VertexPrecise Reconstruction of Displaced Vertex Required resolution : 50 ∼ m

3.3. Particle IdentificationParticle Identification Electrons and muons High pT hadrons

4.4. Radiation Hard DetectorsRadiation Hard Detectors

5.5. Self-Triggered Readout Electronics Self-Triggered Readout Electronics

6.6. High Speed DAQ + Online Event SelectionHigh Speed DAQ + Online Event Selection

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 22

CBM: Compressed Baryonic Matter Detector (e-version)

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 23

DipoleMagnet

Ring ImagingCherenkovDetector

Transition Radiation Detectors

ResistivePlate Chambers(TOF)

EMCalorimeter

SiliconTrackingStation

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 24

CBM: Compressed Baryonic Matter Detector (-version)

Tracking Detector

Muondetection System

DipoleMagnet

ResistivePlate Chambers(TOF)

SiliconTrackingStation

Tracking Peformance with STS

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 25

Track reconstructionefficiency

Momentum Resolution Δp/p

Software Tools-Framework FAIRroot-Transport codes GEANT4, FLUKA + Event generators(UrQMD, HSD, PLUTO)-Fast track reconstruction algorithms for online event selectionSimulation input-Realistic signal and background multiplicities-Realistic detector layouts and responses

Hyperon Reconstruction with STS

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 26

Silicon tracker-2 hybrid pixels (750 µm each), 4 micro-strips (400 µm each)-Strips with 50 µm pitch and 5o stereo angleFull event reconstruction

=10.6%(uds) (dss)

-2.1%

(sss)- 1.0%

D and c Reconstruction

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 27

Full track reconstruction-2 MAPS (150 μm thickness each) + 6 silicon micro-strips-Hadron identification via TOF from multigap RPCs

τ = 123 μm/c

D0

K-

π+

ΛC → π+K-p τ = 60 μm/c

Vector Meson Identification

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 28

J/ψ → e+e-ρ, ω, φ → e+e-

Particle S/B ε (%) σm (MeV)

0.15 7.5 14

0.13 9.1 14

0.002 4

J/ 10 12 38

’

ρ, ω, φ → μ+μ- J/ψ, ψ' → μ+μ-

particle S/B ε (%) σm (MeV)

ω 0.11 4 10

0.06 7 12

ρ 0.002 3

J/ψ 18 13 21

Ψ' 1 16 27

Target25 m

CBM Collaboration

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 29

CroatiaRBI, ZagrebSplit Univ.ChinaCCNU WuhanUSTC HefeiCyprusNikosia Univ. Czech RepublicCAS, RezTechn.Univ.PragueFranceIPHC StrasbourgHungaryKFKI BudapestBudapest Univ.

   

RussiaIHEP ProtvinoINR TroitzkITEP MoscowKRI, St. PetersburgKurchatov Inst., MoscowLHE, JINR DubnaLPP, JINR DubnaLIT, JINR DubnaMEPHI MoscowObninsk State Univ.PNPI GatchinaSINP MSU, Moscow St. Petersburg P. Univ.UkraineT. Shevchenko Univ. Kiev

IndiaAligarh Muslim Univ.Panjab Univ. Rajasthan Univ.Univ. of Jammu Univ. of KashmirUniv. of CalcuttaB.H. Univ. VaranasiVECC KolkataSAHA KolkataIOP BhubaneswarIlT KharagpurKoreaKorea Univ. SeoulPusan National Univ.NorwayUniv. Bergen

GermanyUniv. Heidelberg, P.I.Univ. Heidelberg, KIP Univ. Heidelberg, ZITIUniv. FrankfurtUniv. MünsterFZ DresdenGSI DarmstadtPolandJag. Univ. KrakowWarsaw Univ.Silesia Univ. KatowiceAGH KrakowPortugalLIP CoimbraRomaniaNIPNE BucharestUniv. Bucharest

52 Institutions/∼400 members

Summary1.1. New data from FOPI at SIS18New data from FOPI at SIS18

- pA → K0X : in-medium effect already exist at = 0

- New data for , K*(892), and *(1395)- Evidence for strange dibaryon (N bound) state- Search for multi-baryonic strange clusters is ongoing.

(Structures have seen for p & d final states.)

2.2. New data from HADESNew data from HADES- Low mass excess in dielectron spectra was observed.- Excess was larger for lower beam energy.

3.3. Future CBM experiments at SIS300/FAIRFuture CBM experiments at SIS300/FAIR- Ebeam : up to 35 GeV/u 238U beam will be available- High resolution tracking & ToF measurement - Electron & muon identification- Systematic and precision study for CBM

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 30

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 31

Backup Slides

Pion Induced Strangeness Production

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 32

QMC=Quark-Meson Coupling + Resonance model (infinite nuclear matter)Ref.) K. Saito, K. Tsushima, and A.W. Thomas, hep-ph/0506314

Strangeness production in -A:

- + p → + K0 → 0 + K0 → + K0 - + n → - + K0

- + p → - + K+

All channels have different density dependence.

Resonance model can be tested by exclusive measurements and by analyzing all reaction channels, i.e., K0, K+, K-, and (new data needed)

Equivalent n → K0Σ-

= 0

= 0

Evidence for (ppK-) by FINUDA @ Dane

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 33

M. Agnello et al., PRL 94, 212303 (2005)

Production probability: 0.1% per stopped K-

Peak parameter:

MeV 67 GeV, 009.0255.2 214311M

Controversial interpretation:2N absorption + rescattering

(invariant mass spectroscopy)

e+e- K+K- K- + A (ppK-) + X + p + X

V.K. Magas, E. Oset, et al., nucl-th/0601013

pp

p

K-

Bound state predictions for ppK-:Author Reference Mean (GeV) Width (MeV)

Akaishi & Yamazaki PRC65, 044005 (2002) 2.322 61

Dote & Weise nucl-th/0701050 2.310 100

N.V. Shevchenko, et al. PRL 98, 082301 (2007) ~2.310 ~100

d – Correlation Signal in Ni + Ni

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 34

HM3MIND03MAXPT3MINPT3MAXSdxy3maxM3LOW 1,7M3HIGHDMLDPHL3MIN 30YDLMAX 0,65PTDLMINPTDLMAXCCNT <10BM3MIN

F10

Subevents rotated Vertex shifted Lambda Cut “s”

Properties: (?)M M(KEK) = 3.14 GeV >> 20 MeV > (KEK) Minv (+d) (GeV)

d-Cuts:

Data additional cuts: ||>300

ypair < 0.65

Signal-MC

Background-MC

Possible decay channel:

dppnK September 2003* described in proceedings EXA05, Vienna (2005)

Trajectories from Models

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 35

UrQMD: L.V. Bravina et al.,Phys. Rev. C 60, 044905 (1999)

3-Fluid Hydro: Y. Ivanov, V. Russkikh, V.Toneev, Phys. Rev. C 73, 044904 (2006)

Subthreshold D & J/ Production

GSI

GSISIS18

FAIRSIS300

W. Cassing, E. Bratkovskaya, A. Sibirtsev, Nucl. Phys. A 691, 753 (2001)

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 36

In-medium Effect of Hadrons

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 37

NA60μ+μ-

no data on ρ, ω, φ → e+e- (μ+μ-) between 2 and 40A GeV no data on J/ψ, ψ' → e+e- (μ+μ-) below 160A GeV

Calculations by H. van Hees and R. Rapp, Nucl. Phys. A 806, 339 (2008)

e+e-

Electrons: access in Minv< 200 MeV/c2 Muons: better statistics (trigger)

In-medium Properties of D

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 38

Statistical hadronization modelA.Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, K. Redlich, J. Stachel, arXiv:0708.1488 [nucl-th]

Kinetic rate equation in thermal fireballL. Grandchamp, R. Rapp, G.E. Brown, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 212301 (2004)

HSD microscopic transport modelW. Cassing, E. Bratkovskaya, A. Sibirtsev,Nucl. Phys. A 691, 753 (2001)

Ratio of Hidden and Open Charms

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 39

Charmonium / open charm

Charmed particle ratios (/D, c/D, D/Ds, ...) are expected to be sensitive to the medium they are formed in.

hadronic matter

partonic matter

Signature of QGP Formation

Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 40

Prominent signatures of the QGP formation at RHIC-Constituent quark scaling of the elliptic flow parameter -Suppression of high-momentum hadrons (jet quenching)

CBM will look for the disappearance of these QGP signatures.