Compressed Baryonic Matter -Highlights &
Prospects-Byungsik Hong
Korea University
ホン ビョン シック ( こうりょう だいがく )洪炳軾 ( 高麗大學 )홍병식 ( 고려대학 )
Oct. 13-15, 2008 1ATHIC2008
The 2nd Asian Triangle Heavy Ion Conference(ATHIC 2008)
Outline-Motivation-Recent (≥2007) highlights from the present SIS experiments-Future perspectives for CBM at FAIR
Motivation for CBM
Oct. 13-15, 2008 2ATHIC2008
The challenge for the next century physicsThe most interesting & surprising things about high-density QCD
Confinement & Chiral-Symmetry Breakingby T. D. Lee and F. Wilczek
CollidersRHIC & LHC
Fixed Target Expt.
SIS18 (1990∼) ⇒SIS300 (2015 )∼
current
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 3
SIS18 at GSI-Experimental Highlights-
Accelerators & Detectors
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 4
FOPI
HADES
GSI at present
Strangeness Production
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 5
qqmfm q 22 :Relation GOR
SIS18
W. Weise, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 149, 1 (2003)In-medium Kaon energy
Modified properties of hadrons in dense baryonic matter viam*(), *() and *() for in-medium effect
Strangeness in Cold Nuclei
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 6
03.067.0
mb 13.087.0
)(
0
00
b
σ
Aσ=X+KA+πσ b
Inclusive K0–production in - + A reactions at 1.15 GeV/c
Expectation for vacuum cross section
Enhanced K0–production in cold nuclei !
M.L. Benabderramahne et al. (FOPI), submitted to PRL, arXiv:0807.3361
Strangeness in Cold Nuclei
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 7
M.L. Benabderramahne, PhD thesis, Heidelberg (2007), arXiv:0807.3361
Ratio of momentum distributionsANKE Data @ COSY p+A K++X at 2.5 GeV
- M. Büscher, et al., EPJA 22, 301 (2004)
Model interpretation with HSD U(K+) = +20 MeVConsistent with the K+ flow in Ni+Ni
Y.-J. K
im (F
OP
I), To
be p
ub
lished
ps
MeV 20
MeV 4982
MeV 140
2
22
K
sK m
pU
and K0 Production in AA
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 8
M. Merschmeyer et al. (FOPI), PRC 76, 024906 (2007)
Reconstruction of secondary vertices
~ 60k (100k) in Ni (Al)
~ 30k (60k) K0 in Ni (Al)
321det 101010 :yprobabilitdetection Total prodPP
Ni+Ni at 1.93 AGeV
Short Lived Resonances in AA
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 9
Al+Al at 1.92 AGeV (5 ⅹ108 recorded events/21 days, 10 TByte raw data)
Masses and widths consistent with PDG values. FOPIs reconstruction method and background construction works
for wide resonances.
*(1385) + (87.0 1.5%) p + - + = 39.4 ± 2.1 MeVc = 5 fm
X. Lopez et al. (FOPI), PRC 76, 052203(R) (2007)
K*(892) K + (∼100%) = 50.3 ± 0.6 MeVc = 4 fm
In preparation
5det 10P
Production in AA
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 10
Available data are still rather scarce.Large /K- - ratio is confirmed.
-A. Mangiarotti, et al. (FOPI), NPA 714, 89 (2003) 15% - 20% of all K- are produced via the – meson. Necessary to extend studies to larger size systems
(1020)
Al+Al at 1.92 GeVPreliminary
P. Gasik, (FOPI)
K. Piasecki,HADES data: A. Schmah (TUM)
6det 10P
Particle Yields at Freeze-out
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 11
Calculation by A. Andronic, private communication
s=1
J. Cleymans, et al., hep-ph/0511094
Al+Al @ 1.9 AGeV
Test of the statistical model by using strange particles in Al+Al @ 1.9A GeV
- Chemical equilibrium also in Al+Al. - Tfo(Al+Al) > Tfo(Au+Au)
- In-medium effects need to be extracted from other observables.
K--Cluster Production in AA
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 1212
Y. Akaishi and T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C 65, 044005 (2002); Phys. Lett. B 535, 70 (2002)
AY potential was designed to describe : - scattering length of free KN collision- X-ray shifts of kaonic hydrogen atom- mean and width of (1405)
3He 3HeK-
A. Dote et al., PRC70,044313(2004)
KN interaction is strongly attractive! (1405) is (K-p) bound state.
Strong KN attraction ⇒ Shrinking!
3He 3HeK-
Search for ppK-
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 13
Excess observed in Ni+Ni and Al+Al with statistical significance of ~5 Excess near the spectator/fireball interface region (like non-strange
clusters) Peak position in variance with FINUDA result Possible interpretation: N–bound state H(2129)
- Object seen in K-+d pπ- [O. Braun, et al., NPB 124, 45 (1977)] FOPI is also analyzing (ppnK- →Λ+d) channel.
p – Invariant Mass Spectra
FINUDA FINUDA
Ni+Ni
Al+Al
Rapidity distribution
midrapidity
Dielectron Production
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 14
HADES Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 052302 (2007)Phys. Lett. B 663, 43 (2008)
Dielectron Production
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 15
The e+e- pair excess is- Not driven by the heavy resonances, - But by pion production and propagation, involving Δ and low-mass ρ
excitations, and possibly bremsstrahung processes.
Eb (AGeV)
F=Ytot/Yη
1.0(HADES)
6.8±0.6±1.3±2.0
1.04(DLS)
6.5±0.5±2.1±1.9
2.0(HADES)
1.9±0.2±2.1±1.9
F: Dielectron excess factor above the known η Dalitz contribution
HADES Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 052302 (2007)Phys. Lett. B 663, 43 (2008)
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 16
Prospects for CBM at FAIR
FAIR: Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 17
FAIR Overview
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 18
Primary BeamsIntensity: X10∼1,000p : 4X1013/s @ 90 GeV238U : 1010/s @ 35 GeV/u
Secondary BeamsIntensity: X10,000Rare Isotopes @ 1.5∼2 GeV/uAnti p @ 3∼30 GeVStorage & Cooler
RingsBeams of Rare IsotopesStored and Cooled Anti p @ 0.8∼14.5 GeVe-A Collider
Research Program at FAIR1. Rare Isotope Beams (Super FRS)
Nuclear structure far off stability Nuclear synthesis in stars and supernovae
2. Antiproton Beams (Panda) Quark confinement potential Search for gluonic matter and hybrids
3. High-Energy Nuclear Beams (CBM) CBM : Compressed Baryonic Matter Baryonic matter at the highest density (neutron stars) Phase transition and critical endpoint In-medium properties of hadrons
4. Short pulse Heavy Ion Beams Fundamentals of nuclear fusion
5. Atomic Physics and Applications Highly charged atoms & low energy antiprotons Radiobiology
6. Accelerator Physics High intensity heavy-ion beams Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets High-energy electron cooling & dynamical vacuum
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 19
CBM: Physics Observables1.1. QCD Critical EndpointQCD Critical Endpoint
– Excitation function of event-by-event fluctuation (K/, ...)
2.2. Onset of Chiral Symmetry Restoration at High Onset of Chiral Symmetry Restoration at High BB – In-medium modification of hadrons (→e+e- or +-, ...)
3.3. Deconfinement Phase Transition at High Deconfinement Phase Transition at High BB – Excitation function and flow of strangeness (K, , , , )– Excitation function and flow of charm (J/, ’, D, c, …)
– Disappearance of quark-number scaling of elliptic flow
4.4. Equation-of-State (EoS) at High Equation-of-State (EoS) at High BB – Collective flow of hadrons– Particle production at (sub)threshold energies (, J/, D, …)
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 20
Simulation of Collision Event
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 21
Central Au+Au collision at 25A GeV (UrQMD+GEANT4)Total 1000 particles: ∼ 160 p + 400 - + 400 + + 44 K+ + 13 K-
Extremely complicated collision event requires sophisticated detector configuration!
CBM: Detector Requirements1.1. High-Rate Performance High-Rate Performance
Expected collision rate : 10∼ 7 Au+Au reactions/sec
2.2. Precise Reconstruction of Displaced VertexPrecise Reconstruction of Displaced Vertex Required resolution : 50 ∼ m
3.3. Particle IdentificationParticle Identification Electrons and muons High pT hadrons
4.4. Radiation Hard DetectorsRadiation Hard Detectors
5.5. Self-Triggered Readout Electronics Self-Triggered Readout Electronics
6.6. High Speed DAQ + Online Event SelectionHigh Speed DAQ + Online Event Selection
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 22
CBM: Compressed Baryonic Matter Detector (e-version)
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 23
DipoleMagnet
Ring ImagingCherenkovDetector
Transition Radiation Detectors
ResistivePlate Chambers(TOF)
EMCalorimeter
SiliconTrackingStation
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 24
CBM: Compressed Baryonic Matter Detector (-version)
Tracking Detector
Muondetection System
DipoleMagnet
ResistivePlate Chambers(TOF)
SiliconTrackingStation
Tracking Peformance with STS
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 25
Track reconstructionefficiency
Momentum Resolution Δp/p
Software Tools-Framework FAIRroot-Transport codes GEANT4, FLUKA + Event generators(UrQMD, HSD, PLUTO)-Fast track reconstruction algorithms for online event selectionSimulation input-Realistic signal and background multiplicities-Realistic detector layouts and responses
Hyperon Reconstruction with STS
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 26
Silicon tracker-2 hybrid pixels (750 µm each), 4 micro-strips (400 µm each)-Strips with 50 µm pitch and 5o stereo angleFull event reconstruction
=10.6%(uds) (dss)
-2.1%
(sss)- 1.0%
D and c Reconstruction
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 27
Full track reconstruction-2 MAPS (150 μm thickness each) + 6 silicon micro-strips-Hadron identification via TOF from multigap RPCs
τ = 123 μm/c
D0
K-
π+
ΛC → π+K-p τ = 60 μm/c
Vector Meson Identification
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 28
J/ψ → e+e-ρ, ω, φ → e+e-
Particle S/B ε (%) σm (MeV)
0.15 7.5 14
0.13 9.1 14
0.002 4
J/ 10 12 38
’
ρ, ω, φ → μ+μ- J/ψ, ψ' → μ+μ-
particle S/B ε (%) σm (MeV)
ω 0.11 4 10
0.06 7 12
ρ 0.002 3
J/ψ 18 13 21
Ψ' 1 16 27
Target25 m
CBM Collaboration
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 29
CroatiaRBI, ZagrebSplit Univ.ChinaCCNU WuhanUSTC HefeiCyprusNikosia Univ. Czech RepublicCAS, RezTechn.Univ.PragueFranceIPHC StrasbourgHungaryKFKI BudapestBudapest Univ.
RussiaIHEP ProtvinoINR TroitzkITEP MoscowKRI, St. PetersburgKurchatov Inst., MoscowLHE, JINR DubnaLPP, JINR DubnaLIT, JINR DubnaMEPHI MoscowObninsk State Univ.PNPI GatchinaSINP MSU, Moscow St. Petersburg P. Univ.UkraineT. Shevchenko Univ. Kiev
IndiaAligarh Muslim Univ.Panjab Univ. Rajasthan Univ.Univ. of Jammu Univ. of KashmirUniv. of CalcuttaB.H. Univ. VaranasiVECC KolkataSAHA KolkataIOP BhubaneswarIlT KharagpurKoreaKorea Univ. SeoulPusan National Univ.NorwayUniv. Bergen
GermanyUniv. Heidelberg, P.I.Univ. Heidelberg, KIP Univ. Heidelberg, ZITIUniv. FrankfurtUniv. MünsterFZ DresdenGSI DarmstadtPolandJag. Univ. KrakowWarsaw Univ.Silesia Univ. KatowiceAGH KrakowPortugalLIP CoimbraRomaniaNIPNE BucharestUniv. Bucharest
52 Institutions/∼400 members
Summary1.1. New data from FOPI at SIS18New data from FOPI at SIS18
- pA → K0X : in-medium effect already exist at = 0
- New data for , K*(892), and *(1395)- Evidence for strange dibaryon (N bound) state- Search for multi-baryonic strange clusters is ongoing.
(Structures have seen for p & d final states.)
2.2. New data from HADESNew data from HADES- Low mass excess in dielectron spectra was observed.- Excess was larger for lower beam energy.
3.3. Future CBM experiments at SIS300/FAIRFuture CBM experiments at SIS300/FAIR- Ebeam : up to 35 GeV/u 238U beam will be available- High resolution tracking & ToF measurement - Electron & muon identification- Systematic and precision study for CBM
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 30
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 31
Backup Slides
Pion Induced Strangeness Production
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 32
QMC=Quark-Meson Coupling + Resonance model (infinite nuclear matter)Ref.) K. Saito, K. Tsushima, and A.W. Thomas, hep-ph/0506314
Strangeness production in -A:
- + p → + K0 → 0 + K0 → + K0 - + n → - + K0
- + p → - + K+
All channels have different density dependence.
Resonance model can be tested by exclusive measurements and by analyzing all reaction channels, i.e., K0, K+, K-, and (new data needed)
Equivalent n → K0Σ-
= 0
= 0
Evidence for (ppK-) by FINUDA @ Dane
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 33
M. Agnello et al., PRL 94, 212303 (2005)
Production probability: 0.1% per stopped K-
Peak parameter:
MeV 67 GeV, 009.0255.2 214311M
Controversial interpretation:2N absorption + rescattering
(invariant mass spectroscopy)
e+e- K+K- K- + A (ppK-) + X + p + X
V.K. Magas, E. Oset, et al., nucl-th/0601013
pp
p
K-
Bound state predictions for ppK-:Author Reference Mean (GeV) Width (MeV)
Akaishi & Yamazaki PRC65, 044005 (2002) 2.322 61
Dote & Weise nucl-th/0701050 2.310 100
N.V. Shevchenko, et al. PRL 98, 082301 (2007) ~2.310 ~100
d – Correlation Signal in Ni + Ni
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 34
HM3MIND03MAXPT3MINPT3MAXSdxy3maxM3LOW 1,7M3HIGHDMLDPHL3MIN 30YDLMAX 0,65PTDLMINPTDLMAXCCNT <10BM3MIN
F10
Subevents rotated Vertex shifted Lambda Cut “s”
Properties: (?)M M(KEK) = 3.14 GeV >> 20 MeV > (KEK) Minv (+d) (GeV)
d-Cuts:
Data additional cuts: ||>300
ypair < 0.65
Signal-MC
Background-MC
Possible decay channel:
dppnK September 2003* described in proceedings EXA05, Vienna (2005)
Trajectories from Models
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 35
UrQMD: L.V. Bravina et al.,Phys. Rev. C 60, 044905 (1999)
3-Fluid Hydro: Y. Ivanov, V. Russkikh, V.Toneev, Phys. Rev. C 73, 044904 (2006)
Subthreshold D & J/ Production
GSI
GSISIS18
FAIRSIS300
W. Cassing, E. Bratkovskaya, A. Sibirtsev, Nucl. Phys. A 691, 753 (2001)
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 36
In-medium Effect of Hadrons
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 37
NA60μ+μ-
no data on ρ, ω, φ → e+e- (μ+μ-) between 2 and 40A GeV no data on J/ψ, ψ' → e+e- (μ+μ-) below 160A GeV
Calculations by H. van Hees and R. Rapp, Nucl. Phys. A 806, 339 (2008)
e+e-
Electrons: access in Minv< 200 MeV/c2 Muons: better statistics (trigger)
In-medium Properties of D
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 38
Statistical hadronization modelA.Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, K. Redlich, J. Stachel, arXiv:0708.1488 [nucl-th]
Kinetic rate equation in thermal fireballL. Grandchamp, R. Rapp, G.E. Brown, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 212301 (2004)
HSD microscopic transport modelW. Cassing, E. Bratkovskaya, A. Sibirtsev,Nucl. Phys. A 691, 753 (2001)
Ratio of Hidden and Open Charms
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 39
Charmonium / open charm
Charmed particle ratios (/D, c/D, D/Ds, ...) are expected to be sensitive to the medium they are formed in.
hadronic matter
partonic matter
Signature of QGP Formation
Oct. 13-15, 2008 ATHIC2008 40
Prominent signatures of the QGP formation at RHIC-Constituent quark scaling of the elliptic flow parameter -Suppression of high-momentum hadrons (jet quenching)
CBM will look for the disappearance of these QGP signatures.