Module 4 Trivia

Comprehensive Science 3

How is STUFF made?

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is made up of atoms, which are the smallest unit of an element (See lesson 401-402). Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles (See lesson 404).

Subatomic Particles:Proton: Positive particle located inside the nucleus of an atomElectron: Negative particle located outside the nucleus in the electron cloudNeutron: Neutral particle located inside the nucleus

An Element is a substances that cannot be divided into

other substances by chemical means.

Atoms + Atoms = Elements!

So… Who discovered the Atom?

John Dalton stated that all elements were made up of atoms. He modeled the atom as a hard

sphere. all atoms of an element were the same, different elements were made up of different atoms, and atoms cannot be divided into smaller pieces. He also believed that atoms of different elements combine to make

compounds.

Later Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr proved two of his claims to be incorrect.

It was later proven that all atoms were not the same.

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called Isotopes.

Scientists also discovered that atoms can be divided

into smaller particles.

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons!!

Thomson used the Cathode Ray to discover the negative electron and called his model

the plum pudding.

Rutherford shot alpha particles into gold and noticed all the particles were deflected

therefore discovering the proton.

Bohr used the prior knowledge of an atom and discovered that the electrons are actually orbiting

around the nucleus that resembled the solar system. Bohr discovered and started Quantum Mechanics.

Dmitri Mendeleev set out to organize the known elements according to their properties and called it the Periodic Table. He noticed that when elements were arranged by increasing mass,

there were repeated or periodic patterns in their properties.

So what did the other three men do again?

How do I read the table?

• Arranged from increasing Atomic Number from left to right, top to bottom• Arranged by similar properties in columns• Arranged by similar element types: Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Q: Matter

A: is the effect of gravity on an object.B: is anything that has mass and takes up space.C: is anything that feels gravity.D: is anything that takes up space.

Q: Which of Dalton’s Theory was disproven?

A: All elements are made up of the same atoms B: All elements are the sameC: Different elements are made up of different atomsD: Atoms of different elements combine to make different compounds

Q: What is the name of the scientist who first developed the periodic table?

A: BohrB: ThomsonC: DaltonD: Mendeleev

Q: The elements listed at the far right side of the periodic table are ___.

A: MetalloidsB: NonmetalsC: MetalsD: Transitional Metals

Wait… what is an atomic number?

Atomic Number:States the amount of Protons and Electrons in an atom of a given element.

Atomic Mass:The amount of total particles inside an atom of a given element.

P + N = Mass

Elements Symbol

44

101.07

Ru

Okay so back to the Table…

Metals Metalloids Non-Metals

Properties of Metals – (Conductors)• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.• They are also solids at room temperature.• Metals are ductile. Ductility is the ability to be drawn into wire.• Metals are malleable. Malleability is the ability to be rolled into thin sheets.• Metals also have a distinct shiny look which is called metallic luster.• High melting pointsProperties of Metalloids – (Semi conductors)• The physical properties of metalloids lie between those of metals and non-metals.• Metalloids are moderate conductors of electricity.• Metalloids are solid at room temperature.• Metalloids can be ductile to varying degrees.• Metalloids can be malleable to varying degrees.• Metalloids can show a metallic luster in varying degrees.

• Properties of Non-Metals – (insulators)• As their name suggests, NON-metals exhibit properties that are just the opposite of metals.• Non-metals are poor conductors of both electricity and heat.• Non-metals are generally used as insulators.• At room temperature, non-metals can be either solids or gases.• Non-metals are not ductile.• Non-metals are not malleable.• Non-metals are mainly either opaque or transparent.

Left side Middle Right side

Semi-Conductors!No affiliation with a train driver...

A Semi Conductor is a fancy name for a Metalloid.

Semi means half or partial. So semiconductors (metalloids) have electrical conductivity half way between those of a conductor and an insulator (non-metal).

Since they are solid and ductile, these metalloids have been found to be indispensable to the technology industry. Metals would conduct too much

electricity and nonmetals would not conduct any electricity.

Metalloids are vital in our daily lives as semiconductors. They can be found in most of our electronic devices, including computers, cell phones and MP3 players.

Q: The number of protons and neutrons in an atom is equal to

A: Atomic MassB: Atomic NumberC: WeightD: Nuclear number

Q: All of the following are properties of a metal except:

A: Conduct heatB: Conduct electricityC: Generally have low melting pointsD: Malleability

Q: How many Neutrons would an element have with an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 16?

A: 4B: 8C: 12D: 16

So what happens if I add Elements together?

Element Element+ = Compound!

Properties if a Compound:• Can only be separated by Chemical means

(meaning in a science lab with chemicals! Not in mama’s kitchen)

• A chemical bond is a link between atoms that results from the mutual attraction between their nuclei and electrons.

A compound is formed when two or more atoms combine

together to form a new substance with unique properties.

Covalent Bond Ionic BondChemical bond between: metal and non metal

Other name is “Salts”

Normally dissolve in water

Metal loses electron to non-metal

Chemical bond between: nonmetal and nonmetal

Other name is “Molecules”

Share electrons

Let’s Review Compounds again for a moment….

Okay!... Onward to more types of Compounds!...

• Examples:• Lemon Juice/Fruits• Alcohol• Heartburn

• Examples:• Soap/detergents • Toothpaste• Mustard

a molecular compound that contains hydrogen and produces

hydrogen ions, H+, when it breaks apart in solution.

a compound that has OH in its formula and produces hydroxide ions, OH-, when it breaks apart in

solution.

You mean there are two more types of compounds besides ionic and covalent? I say we have a compound show down!

Remember these compounds can

also form an ionic or covalent bond.

React with carbonate

Turn blue litmus paper red

Don’t change the color of red litmus paper

Turn red litmus paper blue Does not change color of blue litmus paper

Do not react with carbonatesTurn cabbage juice green

Q: What happens when an ionic bond forms?

A: The two atoms share the electrons equally between them.

B: The nonmetal atom loses electrons to the metal atom.

C: One nonmetal atom takes electrons from another nonmetal atom.

D: The metal atom loses electrons to the nonmetal atom.

Q: A compound can only be separated by ______ means.

A: Physical B: Chemical C: NuclearD: Reactive

Q: Which of the following is not a property of an acid?

A: Reacts with metalsB: Bitter tasteC: Reacts with carbonateD: Turns blue litmus paper red

Q: What is the relationship between a compound and the elements it is made from?

A: The compound takes on a mixture of properties from the elements.

B: The compound takes on the properties of the stronger element.

C: The compound may have properties that are very different from those of the elements.

D: The compound may have the properties of the most abundant element in the compound.

Compound + Compound = Mixture!

Heterogeneous Mixtures Homogenous Mixtures (Aka: Solution)

• A mixture is a combination of two or more types of matter without chemical bonding.

• Mixtures can be separated physically (meaning we can filter, sort, separate in mama kitchen without chemicals!)

Appear different

Examples: Trail mix Milk and Cereal Oil and Vinegar

Appear the same

Examples: Salt water Sugar water

Do elements always form a compound?

The easiest way to separate a mixture would be to filter out the solids first, then boil the water out!

1. First you ask: Can it be separated by physical means? Meaning, can you tell there are different states of matter? If not be sure to check and see if it is salt water or sugar water. If yes, then is it a type of mixture.

2. Second: Now we are on the mixture side of the organizer. Is the mixture uniform in composition?

Example: Oil and Water we can see are different and not a uniform composition. They will not mix and form separate layers of oil and water. So to separate we can carefully pour out the oil and leave the water behind. This is called decanting.

Since we can separate the two substances by physical means, oil and water combined is a heterogeneous mixture.

If the mixture was the same throughout, like salt water, then it would have been a homogenous mixture (solution)

Wait, how do I tell apart heterogeneous and homogenous?

1. First you ask: Can it be separated by physical means? No, I cannot separate salt in my kitchen. I just get smaller pieces of salt.

Therefore, salts have to be a pure substance.

2. Second: Can I separate the substance by chemical means? Meaning, is the substance made up of two or more elements?

Salt is made up of Sodium and Chloride: NaCl, so yes it can be separated chemically in a science lab, therefore Salt is a compound.

What if it cannot be separated physically?

Example: Salt

So how do I tell the difference between an element, compound, and a mixture?

Can it be separated physically or chemically?

Is it the same throughout? Does it contain more than one element (atom)?

Physical Chemical

(Solution)

Q: A substance that has a uniform composition and is able to be separated by physical means is a(n) ____.

A: SolutionB: CompoundC: ElementD: Heterogeneous Mixture

Q: KOH, NaOH, and household bleach are all examples of what type of substance?

A: OrganicB: AcidicC: BasicD: Carboxyl

» It is important for scientists to able to observe and identify the properties of matter because most experiments involving chemicals are related to the properties of matter. The purpose of many scientific experiments is to observe properties of matter and record data about them.

So why is all this important?

A physical property is something that can be observed, measured, or changed without altering the identity of the material.

This can include properties that can be seen as well as properties that are measured.

Are there different groups of physical properties?

Physical Properties are either:

Intensive Extensive• Depends on the amount

of matter in the sample

• Includes:• Mass• Length• Shape• Volume

• Does not depend on the amount of matter in the sample

• Includes:• Melting point• Boiling point• Density• Ductility• Malleability• Color

Both can be observed, changed, or measured without altering the identity of the substance.

Used to observe and describe matter

Awesome! I’m understanding this STUFF!

Let’s talk about STUFF again…

All stuff is made up of matter, meaning it has Mass (Remember the amount of STUFF inside of something)

So what is the difference between Mass and Weight?

Weight = Mass x gravity

So Mass stays the sameBut weight will change if the gravity changes.

Mass Weight

Q: Which of the following is not an example of an extensive physical property?

A: MassB: LengthC: DensityD: Size

Q: A physical property is one that

A: cannot be observed.B: can be observed by altering the identity of the substance.C: can be observed without altering the identity of a substance.D: must be observed through chemical means.

Q: All of the following are examples of physical properties except

A: Boiling pointB: ColorC: SizeD: Reaction with Acid

Q: Moving an object to Jupiter would change its

A: MassB: VolumeC: SizeD: Weight

If two objects have the same mass does that mean it has the same amount of atoms?

Density is the amount of matter per volume.

• Or mass divided by volume.

• An intensive physical property that is used to help identify an element or compound.

• A property that is most commonly measured in the units: g/mL, g/cm3, or g/L.

Density is an intensive property because the ratio of mass per volume will stay the same for a substance no matter what size sample is examined, as long as the substance remains constant.

Does a car and a crushed car have the same density?

Q: Does Ice and Water have the same density?

A: YesB: No

Q: If an object has a volume of 2.5 mL and a mass of 10 g, what is the density of the object?

A: 0.25B: 25C: 4D: 12.5

Be sure to review:

*Atomic Theory.

*The history and use of the periodic table.

*The properties of compounds, mixtures, solutions and pure substances.

*The difference between extensive and intensive physical properties.

*The difference between weight and mass.

The properties of density.

Melting pointBoiling pointDuctilityMalleabilityAtomic MassSemi-ConductorSolution

Chemical MeansPhysical MeansIntensive PropertiesExtensive PropertiesVolumePure substance