• Compost Toilet with Tilting type PVC Seat,

Flap Trap and Aerobic Composting Pit.• Innovators: Mrs Arvind & Satish K Tamrakar

• Name of Organization: Nirmansheel Welfare Society

• Date and year of Registration: No.16402 Dated 15/05/200

• Nature of Organization: Society

• Country: India

• City /Town: Bhopal(M.P.)

Challenges with Flush Toilets

• Conventional flush toilets based on water

carriage system are unsuitable in rural areas due

to following reasons.

• Use of conventional water carriage system based

toilet is difficult, in areas where sufficient water is

not available. People can not throw 3 to 5 liters of

clean water in toilet.

• Water carriage system based Toilets in rural

schools, seat becomes inoperative just because of

ball or stone thrown in seat by playing children,

which chokes the trap below seat. In our

improved design, tilting mechanism clears the

obstruction during tilting.

• In conventional flush toilet , toilet room and disposal pits

are separate hence much water is required to transport

excreta from seat to disposal tank. Space requirement

because of separate toilet room and disposal pit, is also

more .

• In innovative toilet design, toilet room is made above

disposal pit and transferring of excreted stuff from seat

pan to disposal tank/pit , is supported by tilting

mechanism, and contributes to saving of precious water.

Major part of waste is transferred in to pit just by tilting

mechanism.

• Construction of conventional flush toilet is

difficult in areas, where rocky stratum/ground

makes excavation of disposal pit extremely

difficult. In improved toilet, same disposal tank

can be constructed over ground because no

problem of leakage or seepage occurs in tank

walls, due to least quantity of water being used.

• Replacement of water carriage system based

toilet with compost toilet has not been preferred

till date ,because of following reasons:-

• Compost toilet requires some management like

addition of bulking material like saw dust, peat ,

leaf mould or rice hulls regularly to cover the

fecal material to help oxygenate and feed

growing organic mass in order to promote

thermofillic decomposition.

• Opening in floor of toilet room made to

discharge excreted material in compost pit

provide an entry for odors of composting

material in toilet room . There is no

effective barrier in between bad odors and

toilet room as facilitated by water seal in

water carriage system based modern toilet .

• The water seal has been replaced by flap trap in

improved design to block entry of odors from

composting pit to toilet room.

• The organic matter required for composting of

fecal material is automatically added during use

when we provide a layer of dry/wet leaves /ash

resulting from wood stoves or soil(earth ) prior to

using the seat.

• This organic material also serves as blotting

media for excreted stuff.

• New improved design facilitates the

construction of toilet within hours by using

all components including seat pan. No

water, cement, sand or mason is required

for its erection at site.

• This design contains benefits of compost

toilet as well as aesthetic and hygienic

features of modern water carriage pan

system.

• We can convert human excreta in to useful

manure by composting. Municipal solid waste

like dust, dry leaves, coal ash waste coming out

from wood stoves, is consumed during use of

toilet. This is the best solution to achieve total

sanitation and provide access to toilet , for areas

facing scarcity of water.

Salient Features of Proposed Solution:

• The conventional toilets working on water

carriage system are not suitable for villages

facing scarcity of water. Our innovation can help

to promote use of toilets by village people having

shortage of water, non availability of skilled

workers and modern construction material in

villages. Because of its unique features of being

cleaned with one liter and its easy assembly with

prefabricated/precast components , it is the most

suitable toilet for „Rural Areas‟.

• We can convert human excreta in to useful

manure by composting. Municipal solid

waste like dust, dry leaves, coal ash waste

coming out from wood stoves, is consumed

during use of toilet. This is the best

solution to achieve total sanitation and

provide access to toilet , for areas facing

scarcity of water.

The Way to handle the problem:

• The open defecation and water crisis in

Asia and Africa can be solved by

popularizing our innovative compost toilet

and improved design of seat pan because of

its following features.

• It does not need water for carriage of

human excreta to the disposal tank/ pit and

contributes to saving of precious water.

The basic seat is made of PVC pipe of 20

cm diameter in specific shape and is

having better hydraulic properties in

comparison to traditional “Pour Flush

Seats” made of Ceramic or Fiber

Reinforced Plastic material.

• This pan is fitted on platform with the

hinge .Front end of the pan is fitted with a

hinge. Due to rotation, back end of pan

moves in opposite direction and the

downward slope of pan increases. Rotation

of back end, results in opening of back end

mouth of seat which is otherwise remains

closed by a fixed shutter.

• Seat made of PVC pipe in contact with

fixed back shutter /flap completely

separates the disposal tank and latrine

room. Before or after use, no foul smell due

to decomposition of previously

accumulated night soil in tank, is

experienced by the person using toilet.

• The water seal (trap) used in conventional

design has been replaced by an alternative

flap system in new improved design.

• Separate structures for foundation and

disposal tanks will not be required as in

conventional design. Foundation for latrine

room can be made of 1.20 m diameter

circular pipe of RCC . This works as

disposal tank and will act as foundation of

latrine room too. It will result into saving

because no separate foundation for toilet

room will be required .

• Superstructure (toilet room) can be built

of circular shape in place of square or

rectangular in plan, with interlocking

bricks/ prefab HDPE. This will need no

binding material( cement mortar etc) for

erection of superstructure. Interlocking

blocks/HDPE prefab structure will

facilitate easy relocation of superstructure

to other place whenever required.

Working (method to use seat):

• Prior to use, it is required to pour a handful of soil,

wood ash and dry/green leaves on receiving surface

of seat. These three or either of three can be used.

This layer of leaves and/or soil will help to avoid

direct contact of excreta with seat surface. After use

operating of a lever by finger or a lever mechanism

causes opening of back end of seat and increasing

downward slope of seat .The whole content

including soil/wood ash, leaves and excreta will

move in to disposal tank. As we leave the lever, seat

attains its original position .

• All content(night soil on leaves, wood ash and soil) is

transferred to tank below just by gravity. Now the seat is

not so dirty because of leaves and soil we laid before use

,worked as a blotting material.

• Pulling of lever triggers to flow of water in a perforated

pipe fitted in rim of seat pan. This water showers cleans

the remaining splashes and stains on seat pan .This

cleaning becomes possible just with a half or quarter liter

of water because major quantity of excreta with blotting

material has already been transferred to pit during

lowering of back end by pulling of lever.

• Back end of seat is again closed as the user

leaves the lever. Leaving of lever stops the

supply of water in perforated pipe fitted in

rim. This facilitates optimum use of water.

Advantages:

• This seat requires only half a liter of water in

comparison to conventional water closet seat

which needs about 5 liters of water for flushing.

Use of one seat can save 13140 liters of water in a

year. (Assumed 4 member family and two times

use per day)

• No need of separate structures for disposal tank

and foundation of latrine room . Circular RCC

tank of 1.20 m internal diameter with 1.50m

height can serve both the purposes. This results in

saving.

• This improved seat can be mounted with nut and bolts on

precast RCC platform with opening casted in slab.

• Cement water and sand/mortar is not required in

construction of this toilet. The complete unit can be

assembled at the spot with pre-fabricated and precast

components .This assures better quality control.

• Village people can assemble the complete unit after a

short training. No need of skilled workers.

• No need of water seal or trap is there. This

will help to save water. Since water is not

required to move excreta from seat to

disposal tank, as in case of water closet

seat, hence the solution is ideal for villages

having scarcity of water.

• Composting of human excreta is carried out in tank, in

presence of soil and leaves. This composting process is

accelerated because of wood ash which increases pH

value of excreta.

• Leaves, soil and wood ash is available in villages with the

user at no extra cost. Good quality manure will be

available by leaving the filled pit for one year and using

another pit made beside the used one. In conventional

septic tank, decomposition is anaerobic and composting is

not possible because of excess water.

• Here composting process is possible just because of water

used is least (half a liter only).

• When the pit below seat is filled in a year,

the seat pan is removed just by opening the

nut - bolts and relocated to nearby circular

pit .

• Since super structure (toilet room) is made

of interlocking blocks/HDPE light weight

prefab, it can be relocated to the new pit

for use. One prefabricated toilet room and

two tanks can serve the purpose for

alternative use.

• Essential minerals are recycled back to

earth by using the manure to agriculture

fields otherwise in conventional w.c. toilets

these minerals are discharged in to water

bodies like rivers which leads to pollution

of water bodies and making earth deficit of

minerals discharged with effluent of septic

tank to drains/sewers.

• The used sanitary napkins can be disposed

off in this toilet by just sliding the napkin

through the seat . This will help to promote

the use of sanitary napkins in village, which

is rare just because throwing of napkins to

garbage bins is seen as taboo in villages .

• In water scares areas, people can be

encouraged for two stage cleaning of

excretory organ first with toilet paper

followed by traditional cleaning with water

. Used toilet paper thrown/left in seat will

ultimately contribute to composting and

this method will reduce total water

consumption in nature‟s call.

Proposed Developments

• This innovative design is in development

stage.

• We have innovated a simple balloon inflation

and squeezing system which facilitates flow

of fresh air to seat pan during downward and

upward movement/rotation of seat , This

generates positive pressure inside the pan

hence prevents entry of foul gases from

composting pit to toilet room in any position

of seat.

• This feature of alternative squeezing and

inflation of balloons , contributes to

composting process by increasing oxygen

content in composting pit as the fresh air is

forced to composting pit during downward

and upward rotation of seat pan.

• A water jet cleaning system is provided to

help cleaning of seat as the stuff is lowered

when we operate the lever.

• As the seat is lowered the water flows through

the jet and stops immediately as the seat

attains its original position.

• This feature ensures complete cleaning of seat

pan with minimum water.

• In one year period we get following benefits.

• Saving of Water

• Water required for one use of conventional flush toilet =5.00 ltr

• Water required for one use of „Nirman‟ Toilet =0.5 ltr

• Saving of water in one use = 5.00-0.50 =4.50 ltr

• Saving of water in one year

Two time use per day x 4 person x 365days x 4.5liters =13140 Ltr

• Cost of Water saved in one year

• 13140 x Rs 1.00per ltr = Rs 13140=00

• Cost of manure received =Rs 2000=00

-----------------

Total Rs 15140=00

Developed by

Mrs Arvind Tamrakar & Satish Kumar

Tamrakar.

Nirmansheel Welfare Society Kolar Road

Bhopal

• Contact: Phone + 9753142467

Thank You