comparative basin stratigraphy congo

CONGO BASIN KWANZA BASIN NAMIBE BASINRELATIVE CHANGE OF

COASTAL ONLAP

AG

E IN

MY

ERR

ATU

M

SYST

EM

SER

IES

STA

GES

FOR

MAT

ION

FOR

MAT

ION

UN

ITS

AG

E IN

MYBIOSTRATIGRAPHY

(C0NGO)BIOSTRATIGRAPHY

(KWANZA)

PLANKTONIC

S

PLANKTONIC

S

BENTHONICS

BENTHONICS

LANDWARD BASINWARD1.0 0.5 0W E W EW E

QUATERNARY PLEISTOCENE MILAZZIANSICILIANEMILIAN

CALABRIANPIACENZIAN

ZANCIEAN

MESSINIAN

TORTONIAN

SERRAVALLIAN

LANGHIAN

BURDIGALIAN

AQUITANIAN

CHATTIAN

RUPELIAN

PRIABONIAN

BARTONIAN

LUTENIAN

YPRESIAN

THANETIAN

DANIAN

1.65

3.5

5.2

6.3

10.2

15.2

16.2

20

25.2

30

36

39.4

42

49

54

60.2

74

84

88

89

92

96

108

113

116.5

121

128

131

MAASTRICHTIAN

CAMPANIAN

SANTONIAN

CONIACIAN

TURONIAN

CENOMANIAN

ALBIAN

APTIAN

BARREMIAN

HAUTERIVIAN

VALANGIAN

RYAZANIAN

UL

U

M

L

U

M

L

U

L

U

L

U

L

U

L

HOLOCENE

5

1010.5

15

2021

25

30

35

39.540

45

49.550

55

59.5

60

65

67

70

75

80

85

90

9495

98

100

105

107.5

110

112

115

120

125

126

128.5

130

Autor: 11/00 DEXDEX

INTERPRETATION DEPT.

BASIN

STRATIGRAPHY

Computer Drafted:

GAD - DRAFTING

66.5

UP

BUCOMAZI

MA

CU

LUN

GO

AMBRIZ-2 (BLOCK 5)

CABINDAAREA B, C

BLOCK 2, 3 BLOCK 3,4 ONSHORE, LWRCONGO, BLOCK 2CABINDA AREA A

CABINDAAREA AONSHORECABINDA

NAVALHAGAVIÃO

(BLOCK 6,7)FLAMINGO-1

BLOCK 7,8

MUBAFO (BLOCK 5)CEGONHA (BLOCK 6)ONSHORE

ONSHORE

WSW ENEENEENE WSWNNW

UP

MP

LP

UP

MP

LP

U

M

L

U

M

L

SSE WSW

Schematic view of Albian Platfotm in Congo Basin. Varied lithologies are noted across the basin fromonshore to present day shelf-slope. Prominent oolitic carbonate reservoirs in Upper, Middle and LowerAlbian are associated with upward zones (or paleo shelf-edge). Chert market beds are noted in Middle Pinda.

Schematic view of Albian Platfotm in Kwanza Basin. Reservoir s (A,B) are in Upper, Middle (Catumbela)and Lower (Tuenza) Albian Carbonates, associated with upwarp zones (or paleo shelf-edge).

Schematic view of Albian Platfotm in Namibe Basin. Shelf-edge carbonate buildups are anticipated.No exploration well in the basin.

Biostratigraphy: explanation

1. Presalt: Congo Basin

Cabinda Ostracods by Chevron: 1. Hourcquia africana, 2. Petrobrasia spp. 3. Cypridea (Sebastianities), 4. Reconcavona, 5. Paracypridea, 6. Tucanocypris, 7. Metacypris.

Lower Congo Ostracods: Zonation by Grosdidier, E.

Lower Congo Calcareous Nannoplankton: Zonation by Sissingh, 1977.

A) C. litterarius B) M. obtusus

Cabinda Palynomorphs: Zonation by Chevron

Congo Palynomorphs: Zonation by Drapeau, 1984.

Kwanza Basin

Ostracods: 1. Cypridea spp. 2. Hourcquia africana 3. Cypridea aff. salvadorensis, 4. Petrobrasia tenuistriatra 5. Cypridea spp. 6. Candona cf. gregaria, 7. Reconcavona ? polita, 8. Paracypridea brasiliersis

Calcareous nannoplankton: similar to Congo

Palynomorphs: Zonation by A Doerenkamp. 1. Gnetaceapollenites 2. Cicatricosisporites diversus 3. Monosulcites, 4. Araucariacites, 5. Classopolis classoides, 6. Dicheiropolis etruscus, 7. Clavatipollenites hughuesii, 8. Concavissimisporites cf. variverrucatus


2. Albian - Cenomanian (zonation based on Gofas, 1985)

Albian: Planktonic Foraminifer: Favusella washitensis;Benthonic Foraminifer: Trocholina silvai; Veenia spp. (Ostracods);Nannoconus donatensis (Calcareous Nannoplankton);Anomalina berthelini (Benthonlc Foraminifer)

Cenomanian: Dominated by Planktonics.Common Occurence is Hedbergellids and Rotaliporids.

3. Turonian to Maastrichtian (zonation based on Gofas, 1985) Planktonic Zone CS 9-Rugoglobigerina; CS 6/8 - Contusotruncana fornicata;

CS 5 - Dicarinela carinata; CS 4 - Praeglobotruncana inornata;

CS 3 - Archaeoglobigerina; CS 2 - Whiteinella spp.

Benthonics: BCS 8/9 - Orthokarstenia clavata;

BCS 6/7 - Orthokarstenia dentata/Gabonita elongata;

BCS 4/5 - Stensioeina spp;

BCS 2/3 - Gabonita obesa/Dorothia oxycona


4. Paleocene - Eocene (zonation based on Gofas, 1985).

Planktonic: TI 1- Globorotalia trinidadensis/Globigerinadaubjergensis; TI 2 - Morozovella angulata; TI3 - Globorotaliavelascoensis; TI 4 - Globorotalia aequa/lensiformis

Benthonic: BTI - 1/3 - Bolivina africana Eponidespseudoetevatus BTI 4 - Lexostomoides/Nuttalides;BTI 5 - Uvigerina spp. BTI - Eponides elevatus.

Biostratigraphy: Explanation

5 - Oligocene - Miocene _Pliocene

Planktonics (zonation based on Meijer, 1972)TSI - Globigerina ampliapertura; TS 2 - Globigerinaangulisuturalis; TS 3 - Globigerinoides primordius;TS 4 - Globigerinita; TS 5 - Globigerinatella insueta;TS 6 - Globorotalia fohsi s.l.; TS 7 - Globorotalia siakensis;TS 8 - Globorotalia menardii; TS 9 - Globorotaliaacostaensis; TS 10 - Globorotalia margaritae.

Benthonics (zonation based on Gofas, 1985)BTS 1 - Uvigerina alazanesis;BTS 2/3 - Gavelinella stenzelli/Uvegerina mantaensis;BTS 4 - Gavelinella beninensis; BTS 5/6 - Eponides eshira/ /Bolivina interjuncta;BTS 6/7 - Marginulina costata;BTS 10 - Rectuvigerina siphogenerinoides.

EXPLANATION OF TECTONIC PHASE:

PHASE-I : LANDSCAPE OF EXTREME PENEPLANATION

PHASE-II : DOMING AND FLOOD BASALT ERUPTION DEPOSITED FLUVIO-ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT.

PHASE-III : RIFTING AND CONTINENTAL EXTENSION. DEPOSITED CONTINENTAL AND LACUSTRINE SEDIMENT.

PHASE-IV : THERMAL SUBSIDENCE, EVAPORITE FORMATION DEPOSITED MARINE DOMINETED SEDIMENT, SEA-LEVEL RISE.

PHASE-V : ACCELERATED PLATE SEPARATION AND FURTHER SEA -LEVEL RISE.

PHASE-VI : DROP IN RATE OF PLATE SEPARATION, FALL IN SEA-LEVEL.

PHASE-VII : SUBSTANTIAL FALL IN SEA-LEVEL, NON DEPOSITION ON THE MARGIN. WESTWARD TILT AND STRONG UPLIFT.

PHASE-VIII : RISE FOLLOWED BY FALL IN SEA-LEVEL LEAD TO TRANSGRESSION AND REGRESSION. SECOND TIME, WESTWARD TILT AND MARGIN UPLIFT.

For elaboration of tectonic phase, Refer“Avaliação de Formações de Angola”,SCHLUMBERGER, 1991

LOEME LOEME

UNIT

UNIT

UNIT

UNIT

UNIT

UNIT

UNIT

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Sand, silt, ferruginous SSt and clay. Severalunconformities are noted with associatedsand development. Continental depositionalenvironment.

Delta sands, interbedded siltstone and claystone. Good delta sand reservoirs areassociated with unconformities. Inner neriticdepositional environment.

Variable lithology in interbedded shales and silts.Thin turbiditic reservoirs are noted nearunconformity levels. Inner neritic depositionalenvironment.

Variable lithology in shales, silts, marls andlimes. Bathyal - neritic depositional environment. Noted thin turbiditic sands nearthe uncoformity. Erosion or not depositionnear offshore and onshore.

Variable lithology in shales, silts, marls. Reservoirs sands developed near the unconformities. Crinoidal limestones and sandstones in Ambrizete, member a coastal depositional environment.

Reservoir bearing deltaic channel sandsdevelopment

Erosion near offshore.

Variable lithology having shales, marls and silts. Thin sandy reservoirs are noted near theunconformities (1).

Neritic bathyal depositional environment.

Source potencial is in selective basinal areas.

Variable lithology having shales, marls and silts. Bathyal pelagic depositional environ-ment.

Very good marine source rocks that are regional in extent.

Thin sandy reservoirs near the unconformity.

Reservoirs in (1) Lago sst and (2) Azul sstLithology is variable mixture of silt, shale, marl.Reservoirs in (1) Mesa dolomite (2) Vermelhasst Lithology is variable mixture of silt, lime and clay. Fluvial to marine transational depositional environment.Varied lithofacies that grade from sands to carbo-nates. Reservoirs in shoal carbonates and poroussandstones are known. The lithofacies from coastto offshore are (1) Vermelha-continental, (2) Verme-lha-fluvio/alluvial, (3) Bufalo-marine, (4) Pinda car-bonate platform with high energy oolitic shoals (Pacassa) and open marine carbonates (Punja), (5) Moitaseca (bathyal-neritic)-deep marine,(6) Pinda sandstones-marine.

Good reservoirs same source potential.

Marine depositional environment .1-Mesa 2-Vermelha

Layers of anydrite, halite and other salts. Whereverpresent, acted as inhibitant to upward oil migration.Restrict evaporitic depositional environment.Marine transgressive sequence in a transitionalenvironment. Good porous sandstone with layers of shale limestone. Acted aspipe rock HC migration.

Lacustrine shales, silts and limestone. Good organic rich shale. Layers are present al places. Lacustrine turbidites(Vovo member) developed at places. Good source and reser-voir. Lacustrine carbonate mounds (TOCA) ou basement flanks

in UB. Restrict lagoonal-lacustrine depositional environment.

Possibly continental red beds with basementintraclasts. Poor reservoir and poor source.Lithology is siltstone claystone, shale.

Depositional environment is continental tolacustrine.

Lucula is fluvio-alluvial sands with stringers of clay, lime and basementclasts. Good reservoir, Fluvio-continental depositional environment.Nacanga is cherty limestone on basement flanks and fractured reservoir,likely to be a Pre-Neocomian (Jurassic) in lacustrine (?) environment.

Precambrian granitic and gneissic basement. older than 600 my. The high areas are inundated,sporadically, by hypabyssal dykes or Mesozoicvolcanics. Volcanism is estimated to be around130 my.

Silt, ferruginous and clay. Several unconformi-ties are likely with associated sand. Continen-tal depositional environment.

Luanda is likely to extend from BURDIGALIAN to PLIOCE-NE. Calcareous and argillaceous sands.Litoral depositional environment.

Sands with clay and silt.

Variable lithology from fluvial sands toinsterlayers of sand and crinoidal l.st tomarl-shale-silt. Sand layers near theunconformities are likely reservoir poten-tial. Litoral, circalitoral depositional envi-ronment.Variable lithology from fluvial sands tocrinoidal l.st and sands to marl-shale-silt. Reservoirs are likely.

Sands, silt, shale.

Variable lithology from fluvio-continentalsands to marl-clay-silt to shale and siltSand layers are likely to be present nearunconformities. Reservoirs are likely.

Depositional environment range from outer platform to bathyal.

Variable lithology from sands-silt, marl-clay-silt to shale-silt. Thin layers oflimestone.

Pelagic depositional environment.

Lithology includes shale, marl and layersof dolomitic limestone and limestone.Moderate source potential.

Platform depositional environment.

Llithology includes fluvio-continental sands-silts, interlayers of crinoidal l.st, marls, shales and siltstone.

Platform depositional environment.

Good source potencial. Likely reservoirs are in sands and l.st.

Lithology includes fluvial sands to marine marls, claystones and siltstones. Good sourcepotential.Pelagic depositional environment.Varied lithology from fluvial sands to mari-ne carbonetes, marls, silts and clay. Poten-tial reservoirs are in Cabo Ledo carbona-tes. Pelagic depositional environment.Varied lithofacies grading from continental fluvio--alluvial, sabkha, shelf edge to deep marine facies.

Depositional environment varies from fluvio--continental, lagoonal to outer platform.

Good reservoir and source potential.

Encountered lithologies include sand and silt, anhydrite, dolomite, crinoidal l.st, argillaceous l.st marl and shale.

Penesaline -1 layers of carbonate clay and anhydritic. Massive salt with diapers penetrated upto Tertiary sedi-ment. Restrictid evaporitic environment. Penesaline -2 layers of carbonate, anhydritic, clay.

Marginal marine transgressive sequence. Layers of sand,silt, claystone and carbonate. Moderate reservoirs.

Recognized unusual massive salt in Maculungo (500mthick). Lacustrine sequence-siltstone shale and carbonate. Good source potential. Lacustrine depositional environ-ment.

Possibly continental red beds.Lithology is siltstone, clyst, conglomerate, carbonates, volcanoclasts and basementintraclasts.Present in reservoirs and source.

The lower lithological sequence in wells Maculungo, Calomboloca indicate to be Jurassic.

Precambrian basement inundated by hypabyssal dykes and Mesozoic volcanism. Volcanism is estimated to be around 111 MY, 133-135 MY and 164 10 MY.

Shale, silt, marl.

Notable volcanism in deep basin

Volcanism

Marine shales, silts, marls.

Marine shales, silts, marls.Good source is likely.

Varied lithological sequencesfrom very coarse sands, sands,carbonate buildups to deepmarine marl, shale, silt.Good reservoir is likely incarbonate buildups.

Marine sequence-shale, silt andsand.Marginal marine transgression.Shale, silt and sand.

Lacustrine sequence shales and siltswith volcanics. Likely source.

Continental sequence with lacustrineinfluence.

Silts and shales with extensive volcanoclasts.

Volcanics are likely.

Mesozoic volcanics overlying thePrecambrian basement. Pulses ofvolcanism is likely in the entirestratigraphic column.

PHASE

WESTWARDSUBSIDENCE

PHASE

(PHASE VIII)

TECTONICPHASE

VIII

DRIFTPHASE

(PHASES IV-VII)

PHASE

VII

PHASE

VI

PHASE

V

PHASE

IV

PHASE

III

(POST RIFT)

LATE

DRIFT PHASE

(PHASE III)

EARLY

PRE RIFTPHASE

(PHASE I AND II)

PHASEI

PHASEII

TRANSITIONALPHASE

(PHASE IV) POSTRIFT

I N I T I A T I O NP H A S E

Anhydritic, dolomite and sand;subreefal carbonates are locally developed in Quianga lagoonal depositional environment.

AZUL

LAGO

VERMELHASANDSTONE

MOITA SECA

MESA

PUNJA

PACASSA

PINDASANDSTONE

BUFALO

VERMELHACONTINENTAL

2

2

1

1

2

1

4

3

6

5

1

25

4

3

ANHYDRITE

MAVUMA

MASSIVE SALT

CHELA

TOCA

OB

ERVA

LUCULA

NACANGA

3

AMBRIZETE

QUELO MUSSEQUES

LUANDA

CACUACO

BOM JESUS

CATALA

FUNDA

CHIO

CALOMBOLOCA

CUNGA

GRATIDAO

RIO DANDE

TEBA

SEPULTURES

NGOLOME

MORRO DA CRUZ

ITOMBE

ZENZA/MUCONGA

CABO LEDO

QUISSONDE

CATUMBELA

MUCANZO/CACOBA

DONDO

TUENZA

BINGA QUIANGA

MASSIVE SALT

PENESALINE 2

GREY CUVO

ORGANIC CUVO

MASSIVE SALT

RED CUVO

CALOMBOLOCA

QUEMBELE

CAMBAMBE

PENESALINE-1

1

2

4

3

51

2

4

3

4

6

5

BOLD

FRIO

INHUCA

UB

LB

MP

LP

UP

PE

RLO

WE

RLO

WE

RU

PP

ER

UPP

ER

LOW

ER

LOW

ER

UP

PE

RM

IDD

LEU

PP

ER

LOW

ER

LOW

ERLO

WER

LOW

ERLO

WER

UPP

ERU

PPER

UPP

ERU

PPER

MID

DLE

MID

DLE

UL

LOW

ERU

PPER

NEO

CO

MIA

N(S

ENO

NIA

N)

MAY

OM

BE

PRES

ALT

PIN

DA

IAB

ELA

ND

AN

AM

ALE

MB

OC

IRQ

UES

UN

NA

MED

(CIR

QU

ES E

Q.)

QU

IFA

NG

ON

DO

UN

NA

MED

(LA

ND

AD

AN

A EQ

.)U

NN

AM

ED(IA

BE

EQ.)

UN

NA

MED

(PIN

DA

EQ.)

PRES

ALT

CU

VOB

SMT

TS 10

TS 9

TS 8

TS 7

TS 6

TS 5

TS 4

TS 3

TS 2

TS 1

BTS 10

BTS 6/7

BTS 5/6

BTS 4

BTS 2/3

BTS 1

NOTRECOGNIZED

TI 7

TI 6 BTI 6/7

TI 5 BTI 5

TI 4 BTI 4

TI 3

BTI 1

TI 2

TI 1

CS 9

CS 6/8

BCS 8/9

BCS 6/7

CS 5

CS 4

CS 3

CS 2

BCS 4/5

BCS 2/3

BCS 1

CS

1

Cs

1aC

s 1b

? ?

BC 1

C 1

?C IX

?

?

C IV

K 1

3K

15

K 1

6K

17

K 1

8

?

12

3

4

5

6

7

?

A

B

AS

12A

S 11

AS9/10

AS6/8

AS3/5

?

?

CA

BIN

DA

PALY

NO

MO

RPH

S

CO

NG

O O

STR

AC

OD

S

CA

BIN

DA

OST

RA

CO

DS

CO

NG

O C

ALN

AN

INO

PLT.

CO

NG

O P

ALY

NO

MO

RPH

S

TS 10

TS 9

TS 8

TS 7

TS 6

TS 5

TS 4

TS 3

TS 2

TS 1

TI 7

TI 6

TI 5

TI 4

TI 3

TI 2

TI 1

CS 9

CS 6/8

CS 5

CS 4

CS 3

CS 2

CS 1

CS

1

Cs

1aC

s 1b BC 1

BC 1

?

BTS 10

BTS 6/7

BTS 5/6

BTS 4

BTS 2/3

BTS 1

BTI 6/7

BTI 5

BTI 1

BCS 8/9

BCS 6/7

BCS 4/5

1

23456

NOTRECOGNIZED

BTI 4

BCS 2/3

C VII/IX

C V/VI

C IV5

6

7

8

?

7

8

?

?

OST

RA

CO

DS

CA

L.N

AN

NO

PLA

NK

.

PA

LYN

OM

OR

PHS

BSM

T

AG

E IN

MY

A

B

?

1

2

3

4

AG

E IN

MY

SHELF-EDGE NOT TO SCALE

NOT TO SCALE

NOT TO SCALESHELF-SLOPEUPWARD ZONE

Underlain by

basement ridge

UPWARD ZONE

Underlain by

basement ridge MAVUMADOLOMITES

SHELF-SLOPE

UPWARD ZONE

Underlain by

basement ridgeUPWARP ZONE

Underlain by

basement ridge

BINGA/QUIANGA

Schematic Albian platform showing varied lithofacies in Congo, Kwanza and Namibe

0 100 1000kmNamibia

Namibe

NAMIBEBASIN

Lucira

Lobito

KWANZABASIN

Luanda

Ambris

CONGOBASIN

CAB

INDA

R. ZaireN

10E 15E

5S

10S

15S

A T

L A

N T

I C

O

C E

A N

EROSIONOR

NON DEPOSITION

EROSIONOR

NON DEPOSITION

EROSIONOR

NON DEPOSITION

EROSIONOR

NON DEPOSITION

CEN

OZO

ICTE

RTI

ARY

PALE

OG

ENE

NEO

GEN

EM

IOC

ENE

OLI

GO

CEN

EEO

CEN

EPA

LEO

CEN

EPL

IOCEN

E

MES

OZO

IC

CR

ETA

CEO

US

VOVOVOVO

PC+-

PUNJA

PUNJA

PACASSA

PACASSA

PACASSA PINDA LAGOONAL

VERMELHACONTINENTAL

VER

MEL

HA

FLU

VIO

/ALL

UVI

AL

PINDA SANDSTONE

BUFALO

QUISSONDE CATUMBELA

TUENZA

MUCANZO/CACOBA

DONDO

UP

MP

LP

A

A

B

MOITA SECA

REFERENCES:

1. Chronostratigraphic scale is from “Chronoly of Flutuating Sea Levels Since The Triassic” U. Bilal, Hardenbol and Peter R. Vail, 1987, Science.2. Lithostratigraphic Columns - Stratigraphic Commission For Angola Sedimentary Basins, 1985.3. Biostratigraphy: Mario G.P. Brandao, Laboratorio de Exploracao e Producao (Sonangol).

5

0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

QU

IND

AB

ELE

CALOMBOLOCA

ALTO

VER

MEL

HA

-FLU

VIO

ALU

VIA

L

GAD200707-CEST0001- I

COMPARATIVE BASIN STRATIGRAPHY CONGOKWANZA - NAMIBE

comparative basin stratigraphy congo

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