communication engineering assignment final
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/31/2019 Communication Engineering Assignment Final
1/9
Assignment on Wireless LAN
Course Code: CSE 411
Course Title: Communication Engineering
Submitted by:
A.K.M. Mohiuddin Ahammed
092-15-813
Mohammad Mahadi Hasan
092-15-791
Daffodil International University
Submitted to:
Md. Safiqul Islam
Senior Lecturer of the Department of CSE
Daffodil International University
Submission Date: 07/08/2012
-
7/31/2019 Communication Engineering Assignment Final
2/9
Introduction
What is a wireless network?
A technology that enables two or more entities to communicate without network
cabling
A wireless LAN or WLAN is a wireless local area network that uses radio waves as
its carrier.
The last link with the users is wireless, to give a network connection to all users in a
building or campus.
The backbone network usually uses cables
What is unique about wireless?
Interference and Noise
Full connectivity cannot be assumed
Hidden terminal problem
Battery Usage
Requires power management
Security
No physical boundaries
Overlapping LANs
Complete Wireless Networks
The physical size of the network is determined by the maximum reliable propagation range
of the radio signals.
Referred to as ad hoc networks
Are self-organizing networks without any centralized control
Suited for temporary situations such as meetings and conferences.
-
7/31/2019 Communication Engineering Assignment Final
3/9
Requirements of a wireless standard
Single MAC to support multiple PHY mediums
Robust to interference
Need to deal with the hidden terminal problem
Need provision for time bounded services
Support for power management to save battery power
Ability to operate world wide
Hence uses the 2.4GHz ISM band
System Architecture
Basically there are two types of wireless network services.
1. Basic Service Set.
2. Extended Service Set .
A Basic Service set can be two types based on the connection type.
1. Ad hoc network.
2. Infrastructure based network.
Ad hoc wireless LAN is a group of stations using the same radio frequency Basic Service Set.
There is no need of an APs to connect the devices in the network.
Fig:Ad-hoc network
-
7/31/2019 Communication Engineering Assignment Final
4/9
A peer-to-peer (P2P) network allows wireless devices to directly communicate with each other.
Wireless devices within range of each other can discover and communicate directly without
involving central access points. This method is typically used by two computers so that they can
connect to each other to form a network.
Infrastructure based Wireless LANs
In an infrastructure based network the devices are connented or communicate via an Access Point
(AP). AP acts as a distributed system connects cells to form a single network. A device from one
BSS can communicate with a device in another BSS via an AP. It has extends wireless area
coverage.
Access Points(APs)
Stations select an AP and associate with it. AP supports roaming of devices. It also provides other
functions, that is: time synchronization (beaconing), power management support, point coordination
function, Traffic typically (but not always) flows through AP, direct communication possible
Distribution system
Used to interconnect multiple wireless cells
Multiple BSS are connected to form an ESS Extended Service Set
Allows mobile stations to access fixed resources
-
7/31/2019 Communication Engineering Assignment Final
5/9
MAC layer
MAC layer controls medium access, distributed coordinated function.
Mandatory access mechanism CSMA/CA.
Optional RTS/CTS extension to deal with the hidden terminal problem
Point Coordinated function
Contention free polling method to support time bounded services.
MAC Sub layer
IEEE 802.11 defines two MAC sublayers: the distributed coordination function (DCF) and point
coordination function (PCF).Figure Shown above.
Distributed Coordination Function
-
7/31/2019 Communication Engineering Assignment Final
6/9
Problems of Distributed Coordination Function
1. Costly equipments
2. Hidden Station
3. Signal Fading distance
Addressing mechanism
Case 1: The frame is going from one station in a BSS to another without passing through the distribution
system. The ACK frame should be sent to the original sender. The address have how in above figure in
case1.
-
7/31/2019 Communication Engineering Assignment Final
7/9
Case 2: In case 2 the frame is coming from an AP and going to a station.The ACK should be sent to the
AP. The Addresses are as shown above figure under case 2.
Case 3: In case 3 the frame is going from a station to an AP. The ACK is sent to the original station. The
address are as shown in above figure under case 3.
Case 4: In case 3 the frame is going from one AP to another AP in a wireless distribution system. We do
not need to define addresses if the distribution system is a wired LAN because the frame in these cases
has the format of a wired LAN frame.
Hidden Station Problem
B and C are hidden each other with respect to A.
Hidden Station Solution
Exposed Station Problem
C is exposed to transmit from A and B
-
7/31/2019 Communication Engineering Assignment Final
8/9
Some examples of Wireless LAN
a. Bluetoothb. Wi-Fi
c. Wimax
d. Infrared
e. Radio web
Installation and Site Design IssuesBridging
Health Issues
a. Do not touch or move the antenna while the unit transmitting or receiving.
b. Do not hold a component containing radio, in such a way that the antenna is very close to or
touching any exposed part of the body, especially the face or eyes, while transmitting.
c. Do not operate the radio or attempt to transmit data unless the antenna is connected, otherwise the
radio may be damaged.
d. Use the following guidelines in specific environment:
-The use of wireless devices in hazardous locations is limited to the constraints posed by the
safety directors of such environment.
- The use of wireless devices in airplanes is governed by the U.S Fedaral Aviation
Administration(FAA).
- The use of wireless devices in hospitals is restricted to the limit sets forth by each hospital.
e. Use the following guidelines for antenna use
- In order to comply with FCC RF exposure limits, dipole antennas should be located at a
minimum distance of 20 cm(7.9 inc.) from all persons.
-
7/31/2019 Communication Engineering Assignment Final
9/9
References:
1. Book, Data Communication and Networking by Behrouz a Forouzan 4th Edition, Chapter-14.
2. Lecture Slide of Muhammad Safiqul Islam ,Senior Lecturer of Daffodil InternationalUniversity, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN
4. http://kb.iu.edu/data/aick.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LANhttp://kb.iu.edu/data/aick.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LANhttp://kb.iu.edu/data/aick.html