1.0 INTRODUCTION

It is generally accepted that English is important in life now. It does not matter in

any field such as business, education, politics and more, the need to use this language

could not be overstated. Even in matters of employment, most places use this

language as the medium.

When we talk about communication, it necessarily involves two or more persons

(individually or collectively). Communication will involve speakers and listeners.

Without one of these communications will not occur. We communicate with anyone

regardless of age, young children, possibly with other nations in their own country or

from abroad. We also may need or have talked with many listeners, whether in closed

or open space.

Picture 1.1Communication Process

There are many definitions of communication:-

1) James A.F. Stoner and Charles Wankel (1989) said that communication is a

way of involving people in relation to the shared meaning or purpose,

provided that they have to agree with the definitions of terms used on a

symbolic as alerts, letters, numbers, and words that symbolize or similar ideas

that can serve the purpose.

Communication Process

Sender Receiver

Medium

Message

2) Emery, Ault and Agee (dlm. Sulaiman Masri, 1997) Communication is the art

of transferring information, ideas, and attitudes from person to person.

3) Sulaiman Masri (l997) concluded that communication begins when a message

(information) from the sender (speaker, author) is transferred through the

device or a specific channel to the receiver (reader, listener) who then provide

feedback (encode and interpret) the message .

2.0 HOW TO COMMUNICATE

In general, how to communicate is 3, namely: -

i) Oral communication

ii) a written communication

iii) visual communication.

 

2.1 Oral Communication

The main tool for oral communication is the use of language.

According to studies, oral communications made by almost 80% every day

and it shows the importance of good communication in this type of work or

daily interactions.

Works to preserve good relations with others.

2.2 Communication in Writing

Communication of this type in the former paper but significant

changes can be seen as technological developments such as using

SMS, MMS, e- mail and chatting.

Picture 2.1 Communication In Writing

2.3 Visual Communication

In addition to the use of two types of communication on the use of

visuals is done close to 100% by humans every day. Sometimes

people do not realize they are doing because it happened

spontaneously, perhaps intentionally. For example, raised his

eyebrows, shoulders and so on.

Picture 2.2 Visual Communication

3.0 MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

For the model - a model of communication, many referring to the four general

types of models introduced by the four figures, namely: -

3.1 Lasswell (1948)

Lasswell emphasizes a direction only when

communicating, such as: -

Who

Said What

Through What Channels

To Who

With What Effect on Receiver

According to Lasswell, the forms of instruction, which is

more suitable because of course the data or information

received is in line with what you want.

Picture 3.1 Lasswell Communication Model

3.2 Osgood (1954)

Modified from Shahnon & Weaver model, modeling can be

applied in communication engineering.

Placing the role of receiving and channel information and

taking into account the purpose of a symbol.

Each individual has a 'speech community' (the complete

communication process), emphasizing the natural social

communication and defines the message as a whole unit of

output for the input source for the destination.

3.3 Schramm (1954)

There is not much difference with the Osgood.

The first model: considers communication as the interaction

between two people.

The second model: introducing that effective communication

occurs only when a shared.

A third model: the interaction between both parties in enkod,

interpret, dekod, transporting and receiving signals.

Picture 3.2 Osgood & Schramm Communication Model

3.4 Newcomd Symmentry (1953)

Theodare Newcomb stated that communication as a relevant

social psychological suspect the interaction between man and

man.

The simple model assumes that individuals A channel

information to individuals on a, X.

Assumed orientation of A (attitude - of B and of X is contained

four coordination.

Orientation A to X inclusive attitude towards X as an object to

be approached @ put (disable by signs and intensive) and

cognitive attributions (beliefs and cognitive structure).

Orientation A to B in the same taste.

Orientation B on X.

Orientation B of A.

4.0 Interpersonal Communication

4.1 Definition

Interpersonal Communication is communication between

individuals with other individuals or group of individuals who

communicate with others.

Interpersonal communication is dynamic because the always

moving and always influence each other.

Interpersonal Communication is a learned behavior. It is not

happen by itself but is the result of observation and past

experience. Interpersonal communication often has the explicit

and implicit meanings.

Picture 4.1 Interpersonal Model

4.2 Interpersonal Communication System

According to Drs. Jalaluddin Rahmat, M.Sc. later his book

entitled Psychology of Communication, he describes a system

in interpersonal communication, such as:

1. Interpersonal perception

2. Self concept

3. Internal Relations Interpersonal

4. External Relations Interpersonal.

In this article, the author lists only interpersonalnya relationship

only because thought the discussion about it are complex and

may be misleading.

4.3 Interest to Public

4.3.1 Building social relationships

Understand and respect the socio-cultural elements of

society, including socio-cultural similarities and

differences between.

For example, a multi-racial, and religious beliefs.

4.3.2 Discourse knowledge

Helps to learn various disciplines.

4.3.3 Consultation

Achieving consensus.

4.3.4 Career

Able to explain the efficiency level of expertise and

professionalism.

4.3.5 Community

Understand, respect and create a feeling of acceptance

in the community. The situation became cheerful

4.3.6 Guidance

.Assist in communicating ideas, information, feelings

and expression behavior of each other.

5.0 How to Face Barriers in Interpersonal Communication

5.1 The flow of filtered information

Only the most important information should be

presented. Information that is important to be neglected.

5.2 Encourage feedback

Ensure that all information presented can be understood.

Feedback can be found in the form of verbal or

nonverbal.

5.3 The information is clear and easy

Use simple language and easily understood by listeners.

5.4 Listening actively

Be a good listener to be attentive.

5.5 Avoid too emotional

In the communication process to avoid too sentimental.

More rational. Use body language or gesture.

5.6 To increase self-confidence

Receive recognition of self and community in an honest

and genuine.

5.7 Life becomes more meaningful

Provide response to positive reinforcement. Individuals

become more motivated.

5.8 Expanding the network of communication

Build intimacy between individuals and groups become

friends with vision.

5.9 Clarification

Ability to express feelings or thoughts with their own

language and style and have the spirit. For example

sindirin words, analogy, quotation.

6.0 COMMUNICATION IN SMALL GROUPS

6.1 Small Group Who?

Individuals interact.

to 12 or 15 people (Tim Moorhead, 1999).

People who have the same goals and purposes.

6.2 Types of Small Group

Relationship and Task Group

Primary Group

Secondary Group

6.3 Reference and Membership Group

Reference group

Membership group

6.4 Factors That Affect Communication In Small Groups.

6.4.1 Gender

For example, in Malay society, men are given priority

to be a leader or leaders, especially in the family and in

small groups.

In small groups where men can not play Set as leader,

this will cause problems.

6.4.2 Practice

It refers to the procedure to do something that is followed

by each member of the group concerned and for

generations.

Each human community to impose rules (taboos) to

regulate the conduct of certain members.

6.4.3 Religion & Beliefs

Religion that limit the behavior and social relations between

people.

Belief refers to the social taboos that guide members in

interacting with others.

6.4.3 Language and Communication Polar

In small groups, language often causes the problem because

sometimes the language used by a different member of the

language used by the other member causes the purpose to

be served is difficult to understand.

Language is often a different meaning according to their

cultural understanding.

6.4.4 Value

It is part of our internal components that make up our perceptions and determine the behavior and actions in the past, today and tomorrow.

6.4.5 Age

Member of the age are also more sensitive and feel younger members of each are not eligible to criticize his actions even though his actions were clearly in violation of norms in small groups.

6.4.6 Ethnic

The difference is that sometimes cause problems in this group.

Ethnic difference that causes the various perceptions arise and cause conflicts and lead to a split in small groups.

6.5 Effect of Communication in Small Groups

6.5.1 Positive Impact

Increase Self Motivation

Can Enhance Understanding

Space for self-development

6.5.2 Negative Impact

Like Criticism

Misunderstanding

The break-Team Member

6.6 Step Coping

6.6.1 Open Attitude

It should enhance cooperation with mutual help

and understand each other with openness.

6.6.2 To issue comments / constructive criticism

Is not a negative comment or dissatisfaction

Individuals need to exchange comments or

criticism into a positive question or statement

that was issued when he realized the less polite

criticism.

6.6.3 The language understood

There is a different style of conversation,

body language or translation of symbols.

Failure to give other purposes

6.6.4 Role of the Chief

Head-sensitive and skilled observe and

understand the causes of conflict.

The need to know how to use strategies to

resolve such disputes.

6.0 PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

When asked to speak in front of the public, the various reactions will be given

by each person. What about us? Perhaps we will feel palpitations, nervous and afraid?

In fact, every speaker, whether new, old or what has become known around the world

have all experienced the same events, especially feeling pretty nervous to speak in

public, especially in the first and second.

By learning the proper techniques, then gradually feeling pretty nervous,

nervous, and not completed will be able to overcome and control the self-confidence

has been built upon repeatedly lectured both in the same or different. Here are the

techniques that have been studied by many experts world's communications.

6.1 It's intentions and determination to speak before the public.

The intention and determination to create the spirit

which gives a vibration energy to face any obstacles

when we speak and through the maturation process. If

we are to avoid it until we will feel fear.

6.3 Make observations

Start making observations on speaker for us to make a

guidelines.

Listen to the tone of speech and speech in terms of high

and low tones.

See the body and mimic the movements of their faces.

6.3 Preparation

Need to make preparations before the speech.

Provide the framework and content we want to convey.

Identify the target audience we are and what they hear

the needed of content of our speech.

Create a reference to.

6.4 Continuous training

Create a training using the framework of the content and try

to practice in front of the mirror. Good Perucap will not see

and read passages of text.

If you lack confidence or are new, make sure we provide a

small card in order to fill posts to speak.

6.5 Mental Preparation

Is the mental preparation before we spoke for

mental rehearsal.

Speaking earlier in the stage of our minds. "See,

hear and feel the power of our speech and our

audience was dazzled audiences with a welcome

and applause we are so great.

Playback what they see, hear and feel the emotions

even before we speak.

6.6 Acceptance of Self-AS

The focus in our speech and not on the weakness.

Say: "Whatever happens I accept with open hearts

and I will improve over time. I enjoyed the new

experience."

6.7 Positive

Speak with positive thoughts and emotions.

Make sure we are in a positive mood before the

speech.

6.8 First Impression

Important aspects of appropriate dress and make

sure that start with a smile.

We need to love the audience.

State the words that show or give a sign that we are

very pleased with the audience should be given

priority.

Start with the ice breaking and build relationships

with our audiences so that dapt created

compatibility

6.9 State the objective

Specify clear objectives and then develop the

content and the cover.

Preamble 15% content of 70% and 15% cover

6.10 Ignore Errors

If there are any mistakes such as not only remember the

speeches go on and do not apologize because it will

make errors when speaking.

6.11 Comic

Speak with a joke.

6.12 Carity conversation

Make sure do not speak like scatter bullets.

Speaking clearly and loudly, do not be too quick and

make sure all the words in line with our minds.

This will ensure us a dramatic speech by a variety of

tones that make us live speech.

Use the movement of the hand, foot and mimic the

appropriate interface to portray the emotions and

explain the purpose of our speech.

6.13 Eye Contact

In a large gathering of public relations point of view of

our eyes start to focus on the eye in front of audiences at

the center and the audience at the right corner of the

audience followed the right corner at the back left

corner behind the audience, the front left corner of the

audience and the audience in the middle space.

This method allows the 'power of our eyes will' bind

'your audience to hear and see us with interest.

6.14 Come early

Come 15 minutes early for good preparation so you do

not look messy.

6.15 Tools

Aid can also be used as a charm and explain the purpose

of speech in order to achieve its objectives.

These tools are mahjung board and paper, pens,

markers, audio systems, laptops and LCD using power

point or so.

7.0 CONCLUSION

Communications in everyday life people to communicate and execute. Effective communication can maintain a good friendship and relationship.