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PMA ONLINE TRAINING

Commercial Drawings

© PMA of Georgia 2009

Drawings

One Hour Continuing Education

Commercial Drawings

PMA training disclaimer The information provided in this document is intended for use as a guideline and is not intended as, nor does it constitute, legal or professional advice. PMA does not warrant that adherence to, or compliance with, any recommendations, best practices, checklists, or guidelines will result in a particular outcome. In no event will PMA or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates be liable in


guidelines will result in a particular outcome. In no event will PMA or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates be liable in tort or in contract to anyone who has access to or uses this information. PMA does not warrant that the information in this document constitutes a complete and finite list of each and every item or procedure related to the topics or issues referenced herein. Furthermore, federal, state or local laws, regulations, standards or codes may change from time to time and the reader should always refer to the most current requirements.

Commercial Drawings

• This presentation will address mostly, common information pertaining to commercial drawings for larger projects. While it does not address residential buildings as a rule the principles are still true.

• This presentation will discuss why it is • This presentation will discuss why it is important to understand how to read and interpret drawings?

– Do the job right the first time

– Save time on the job

– Justify your work

– Protect yourself


Commercial Drawings

There are many reasons why it is important to correctly read and interpret commercial drawings. Just a few of these

reasons are:

– We generally are required to estimate the cost of a job prior to being hired to perform the work on the project. This is

often called the pre job bid process. We use the drawings

to determine what the project will require in material, to determine what the project will require in material, equipment and labor.

– Drawings, and our understanding of material, equipment,

and labor needs, are used to plan and schedule the work. This will help us save time on the job.


– There may be a need to justify the work done ,and a clear understanding of the drawings will greatly help in the justification of work. As important as understanding the details of the work, is knowing the information regarding the dates of revisions and changes.

– Changes in a construction project almost always occur and must be addressed. Knowing the drawings and the Dates of Revisions in relation to the time when the work

Commercial Drawings

Dates of Revisions in relation to the time when the work is performed can justify the work done and verify the dates of a task and the drawings for that task. Changes made to construction plans happen all the time. If we are unable to verify our timeline of construction against the timeline of the changes we may not be able to receive change order payments for changes to a project.


Commercial Drawings Ultimately commercial drawings are used to gather information from architects and engineers about the

owner’s desires and requirements for a building. These

drawings are used to schedule, plan, and perform the work which is done on a construction project. The work to be

done has been priced, to do only one time. If there are

changes that are made during a project, these changes may reflect a change in the cost of the work done. This may reflect a change in the cost of the work done. This change in cost may be either a deduction or require

additional money to complete the change. Without an

understanding of the timeline of changes and the work preformed, cost changes to the contract will be difficult to

justify. By correctly understanding the drawings we can do a

proper job of planning, scheduling and purchasing.


Commercial Drawings

• Identify the drawing groups that make up a set of construction

drawings

• Identify the different parts of a drawing

Course Objectives

• Identify the different parts of a drawing

• Understand Schedules, Keys & Legends

• Understand Isometric & Riser Diagrams

• Use these drawings for a material take-off


Commercial Drawings

A complete set of commercial drawings consists of drawings in different groups, usually by different engineers or architects,

placed together to achieve a complete set of drawings. Proper planning, scheduling, and installation can truly occur only when

the complete set of drawings is available. It is important to

understand the different, and specific information in each of the different groups. It is also important to understand the relationship different groups. It is also important to understand the relationship between these different groups as well as who is responsible for

drawing them.


Commercial Drawings

The

Different

Drawing

Groups

As an example:

The different drawing groups, which, when combined make up

a complete set of construction drawings are;

C-drawings

A-drawings

S-drawingsS-drawings

M-drawings

P-drawings

E-drawings

FP-drawings

FA-drawings

LS-drawings


C-drawings

– C-drawings refer to a set of drawings known as Civil drawings these are sometimes called plot plans or site

plans.

– Civil drawings show where a building will stand on the

property, will show the boundaries of the property, and will also show where site utilities are located, such as water

Commercial Drawings The

Different

Drawing

Groups

C-drawings

A-drawings

S-drawings

M-drawingsalso show where site utilities are located, such as water mains, sewer and storm drains, and gas lines.

– Civil drawings also will show us where we are not allowed

to build, by indicating setbacks in easements

– Civil drawings will be drawn by a civil engineer

M-drawings

P-drawings

E-drawings

FP-drawings

FA-drawings

LS-drawings


A-drawings

– A-drawings refer to a set of drawings by the architect known as Architectural drawings. They indicate how the architecture of the building or structure is to look. With the specific measurements in the space within the building.

– Architectural drawings will give us specific dimensions generally measured from column lines. Dimensions of walls


Different

Drawing

Groups

C-drawings

A-drawings

S-drawingsgenerally measured from column lines. Dimensions of walls as well as thicknesses of walls . Types of doors, and windows. Heights of walls, and heights to ceiling.

– Architectural drawings are also where we would find any number of elevation drawings, as well as floor plans.

– Architectural drawings will be drawn by an architect based on the information he has collected from the owner

S-drawings

M-drawings

P-drawings

E-drawings

FP-drawings

FA-drawings

LS-drawings


S-drawings

– S-drawings refer to the set of drawings which are structural

drawings. Where architectural drawings shows how the building

will look, Structural drawings show us how the building will be built.

– There can be a lot of details in the structural drawings. Showing

the different types of material which will be used in the structure as

well as details on how these materials and corners and joints shall


Different

Drawing

Groups

C-drawings

A-drawings

S-drawings

M-drawings

P-drawingswell as details on how these materials and corners and joints shall

be made.

– Structural drawings often show us the foundation.

– Structural drawings are drawn by structural engineers who

understand the complexities of helping a building to stand.

P-drawings

E-drawings

FP-drawings

FA-drawings

LS-drawings


M-drawings

– M-Drawings Refer to Mechanical drawings. The mechanical trade installs building air conditioning and heating as well as exhaust and ventilation.

– Mechanical drawings should show us where mechanical equipment is to be located, the size and routing of mechanical piping systems and duct work.

– The area that is to be served as well as information on CFMs is information that is required for the inside environmental conditioning of the space

– These drawings are drawn by mechanical engineers who understand airflow


Different

Drawing

Groups

C-drawings

A-drawings

S-drawings

M-drawings– These drawings are drawn by mechanical engineers who understand airflow

regulations, and the requirements of the building. The amount of sunlight through the glass, and the different factors that can affect the interior environment of a building.

M-drawings

P-drawings

E-drawings

FP-drawings

FA-drawings

LS-drawings


P-drawings– P-drawings refer to the plumbing drawings which give the

information for the plumbing systems, and fixtures in a building.

– These should also give you locations for plumbing equipment such as water heaters and electric watercoolers.

– While plumbing drawings give us information on fixtures


Different

Drawing

Groups

C-drawings

A-drawings

S-drawings

M-drawings– While plumbing drawings give us information on fixtures

and details regarding those fixtures the plumbing drawings were not what we would use for dimensions in placing of pipe and fixtures, either in an underground installation or in wall rough. Those dimensions are given to us more accurately in the architectural drawings.

– These drawings are drawn by plumbing engineers who are familiar with occupancy loads for buildings and the requirements of fixture loads on pipe. As well as how the codes will address the pipe fall and the location of the equipment

M-drawings

P-drawings

E-drawings

FP-drawings

FA-drawings

LS-drawings


E-drawings

– E-drawings refer to the electrical drawings. On these drawings we would find the location of light fixtures, power outlets, electrical switch gears, transformers and anything that the electrical contractor would be responsible for.

– It will also give the information regarding home run of electrical power back to circuit panels as well as in the


Different

Drawing

Groups

C-drawings

A-drawings

S-drawings

M-drawingselectrical power back to circuit panels as well as in the specific information regarding the electrical work of the building.

– Electrical drawings are drawn by electrical engineers familiar with electrical code. The desired use of different areas of the buildings and the effects of different lighting fixtures on inside the building. Also the requirements for all heavy electric equipment

M-drawings

P-drawings

E-drawings

FP-drawings

FA-drawings

LS-drawings


FP-drawings and FA-drawings

– These drawings refer to fire protection drawings and or fire alarm drawings. Sometimes these drawings are included in one set of drawings. Other times they may be separated into two separate groups FP fire protection and FA fire alarm. This may be determined predominately perhaps by whether that contractor is


Different

Drawing

Groups

C-drawings

A-drawings

S-drawings

M-drawingspredominately perhaps by whether that contractor is responsible for both fire protection and fire alarms. However this is not always the case.

– These drawings are drawn by individuals who may be engineers but who are specifically familiar with requirements for fire sprinkler protection and fire alarm systems, with relation to the location of pull stations strobes and sirens

M-drawings

P-drawings

E-drawings

FP-drawings

FA-drawings

LS-drawings


LS-drawings– LS-drawings refer to life safety drawings or plan.

– These drawings are present in most medical facility drawings.

– These drawings will exist to show the emergency exit routes and life safety systems that are required by


Different

Drawing

Groups

C-drawings

A-drawings

S-drawings

M-drawingsroutes and life safety systems that are required by specific buildings.

– These will also give us the location of fire rated walls, if that information is not included in architectural drawings.

– These drawings may be drawn by the architect or other individuals who are familiar with the layout of the building for emergencies and situations regarding life safety

M-drawings

P-drawings

E-drawings

FP-drawings

FA-drawings

LS-drawings


These different drawing groups represent technical drawing groups for a set of commercial drawings. There may be other

drawing groups that are in a set of drawings. There may be a

set of drawings that don’t necessarily include all of these drawing groups. These drawing groups are compiled by the

different individuals or companies who are putting together a set of drawings which will be compiled to complete a set of


Different

Drawing

Groups

C-drawings

A-drawings

S-drawings

M-drawingsset of drawings which will be compiled to complete a set of commercial drawings for a building. There may be some

demolition work in an existing building in which case any one of

these drawing groups that we have discussed might be

proceeded with the letter D. to designate a demolition drawing. For example demolition architectural D-A, demolition plumbing

D-P, demolition electrical D-E.

M-drawings

P-drawings

E-drawings

FP-drawings

FA-drawings

LS-drawings


Commercial Drawings Parts of

a

Drawing• The drawings in the different drawing

groups we have discussed, will contain different parts to each drawing. An understanding of various parts of a drawing and specific information each part gives, help make clear the scope of part gives, help make clear the scope of the work to be done. This discussion of the different parts of drawings should help recognize these parts, and improve understanding of the information that can be found there.


Title Box

– The title box is usually located on the right hand side of the sheet, often in the lower right hand corner. The title box will give information that is pertinent to this drawing. It will tell who was the person who made the drawing, who was the person who approve the drawing, when was the drawing made. Information to a specific for area of the building. If this is a revision, of revision number and the date of that revision.


a

Drawing

Title Box

In the title blocks you’ll

find the drawing number. The number will have a designation of one of the drawing groups. (A drawing, C drawing, P. drawing< and so forth) as well as drawing number, In this case 4030 represents a job number the drawing number is also a M3.07 that tells us that it is a mechanical drawing 3.07


Keys and legends

– keys and legends are found usually on the first page or perhaps the title page of a set of drawings.

– Each group will have a key or legend which gives information to help interpret the drawings.

– Each draftsman will use specific symbols and abbreviations in the drawing to convey certain information. We need to know and understand the use of these symbols and abbreviations.

– Not everyone uses the same symbol or the same abbreviation for every


a

Drawing

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

– Not everyone uses the same symbol or the same abbreviation for every drawing. Sometimes drawings even compiled in the same building or by the same company are done by different individuals and not necessarily consistent in how they use symbols and/or abbreviations.

– When looking at a drawing, it is imperative that we understand the key or the legend for each drawing we are using.



a

Drawing

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

This is a small example of a plumbing legend


Parts of

a

Drawing

• The drawing below would indicate a valve in a line of pipe. It could be a

ball valve, or any other type. Not every draftsman uses the symbol to

mean the same type valve. Using the key or legend to understand the

symbols will save you time and money, or going back to replace a

valve because you installed the wrong type.

• Remember the symbols are not used consistently across the board.

Find the key or legend and be familiar with the ones used by the

draftsman who has prepared your drawings.

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

draftsman who has prepared your drawings.


Parts of

a

Drawing

However there are a few symbols that seem to be used consistently and they are as follows: Is a symbol used to show a turn in the pipe. In this case the pipe turns to face you.

This symbol is used to show a pipe turns away from you.

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

from you.

Using the two symbols above, this symbol represents a trap. The pipe turns away from you and then turns back toward you.

These are probably the only consistent symbols you may find in plumbing drawings. The key or legend however will still show you this information.


Parts of

a

Drawing

Schedules

– Schedules are provided in the drawings to give specific information about the equipment or fixtures in the building.

– In the plumbing drawings it is not uncommon to find fixtures listed as a P-1 for plumbing fixture one and you would reference the schedule for the plumbing drawings to find what a P-1 fixture is.

– Schedules may be found at the beginning of a group of drawings or may be found at the end of a group of drawings.

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedulesfound at the end of a group of drawings.

– Schedules provide information on various fixtures and equipment and may be grouped in a manner which may be displayed in more than one schedule for each set of drawings.


Parts of

a

Drawing

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedules

To find more information on P-2 (seen below), you would reference the plumbing fixture schedule.


Parts of

a

Drawing

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedules


Parts of

a

Drawing

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedules

Special Notes

Special notes appear on drawings to give us some specific information on a drawing that is referenced by a trigger. A

trigger may be a number or a letter that is inside of a circle or

some specifically shaped box.As in the schedules the letter or number will correspond to the

same number or letter of special notes, and often appear on the same page of the drawing where the trigger is located. Special Notes the same page of the drawing where the trigger is located.It is very important to pay attention to special notes as they

may refer to one piece of the plumbing system that may be

different than similar situations in the same building.


Parts of

a

Drawing

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedules

Special Notes Special Notes


Parts of

a

Drawing

• Details in a drawing are given to explain in detail, specific information

about objects which may appear too small on the drawing. The detail

will enlarge a specific area and give in detail what is required.

• Details also have their own specific reference like schedules and

special notes.

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedules

Special NotesSpecial Notes

Details


Parts of

a

Drawing

• Details may also be called out in a drawing

• Details as of specific locations may be called out in a drawing by

enclosing of that area with a specific mark and touching into that mark

a reference to another drawing to give its detail

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedules

Special NotesReference to

Special Notes

Details

Area called

out

Reference to

another drawing

Find the drawing A 1.3

and look for

detail number 4


Parts of

a

Drawing

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedules

Special Notes

• This detail number is 4. Drawing A 1.3 shows the dimensions for this room that are not in the plumbing drawings or the floor plan

Special Notes

Details

Drawing page A 1.3

detail number 4


Parts of

a

Drawing

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedules

Special Notes

• Drawings are given in two views, one is called plan view and the other an elevation view.

• The plan view gives the perspective of looking down from above.

Special Notes

Details

Plan View

looking down from above.

• An elevation view gives the perspective of looking at a wall from the side.

4

A 3.5

This example indicates an elevation view of the area in the direction it points. To find the elevation view of the wall or area find drawing page A 3.5 and look for an elevation drawing 4.


Parts of

a

Drawing

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedules

Special Notes

Plan View

Special Notes

Details

Plan View


Parts of

a

Drawing

Commercial Drawings

Title Box

Keys &

Legends

Schedules

Special Notes

Elevation View

Special Notes

Details

Plan View

Elevation

View


Types of

Drawings• There are other types of drawings that will be present in commercial

drawing sets. Some of these will be parts of the detail drawings and

some will be additional information drawings.

• In some detailed drawings, you may find riser diagrams, which would

be single line detail drawings. You may also find orthographic and

oblique drawings, which are three dimensional in nature and give you

information about size and shape of objects.

Commercial Drawings

• Single line drawings are not three dimensional, however, if drawn in

what is called an isometric drawing. An isometric drawing is drawn on

an angle to give the impression of a three dimensional drawing.

• Isometric drawings are drawn with horizontal pipes on a 30°angle

from horizontal, and the vertical lines remain vertical. When this is the

way a drawing is presented, it gives the impression of a three

dimensional view.


• Single line drawings

• Single line drawings are sometimes

called schematics they can indicate

the order for equipment and how

the flow is between the equipment.

Generally it is a line from point A to

point B. and then to point C. and so

forth.

Commercial Drawings Types of

Drawings

Single line drawings

Orthographic and oblique

EWC

VTR

forth.

• Single line drawings are also used

for riser diagrams, especially for

plumbing systems and mechanical

systems in multistory buildings.

and oblique drawings

Isometric drawings

EWC

EWCSW


• Orthographic and oblique drawings

• Orthographic and oblique drawings are pictorial

Commercial Drawings Types of

Drawings


Orthographic and oblique are pictorial

drawings by nature giving a three dimensional view of an object.


Isometric drawings


• Isometric drawings

• Isometric drawings are

drawn on a 30°angle

from horizontal. Using

isometric graph paper

will be the easiest way

to do this. Isometric

drawings give us the

Commercial Drawings



Types of

Drawings

drawings give us the

opportunity to look at a

single line drawing with

a perspective of a three

dimensional view. In this

view it is very easy to

size pipe and to take off

fittings.


Isometric drawings



Commercial Drawings



Types of

Drawings

Using

specific

graph paper and oblique drawings

Isometric drawings

SHEETSCALE

Name

Name

Name

Name

APPROVED

DRAWN

CHECKED

ENGINEER

REV -

SIZE DWG NUMBER

for isometric drawings,

which give

the 30 degree

offset from

horizontal.



Commercial Drawings



Types of

Drawings

Begin with a

vertical pipe

and draw a system using


Isometric drawings

SHEETSCALE

Name

Name

Name

Name

APPROVED

DRAWN

CHECKED

ENGINEER

REV -

SIZE DWG NUMBER

system using the graph

paper.



Commercial Drawings



Types of

Drawings

Using the angle,

add a line to

represent a horizontal pipe.


Isometric drawings

SHEETSCALE

Name

Name

Name

Name

APPROVED

DRAWN

CHECKED

ENGINEER

REV -

SIZE DWG NUMBER

horizontal pipe.



Commercial Drawings



Types of

Drawings

Here, add a

vertical line

for another and oblique drawings

Isometric drawings

SHEETSCALE

Name

Name

Name

Name

APPROVED

DRAWN

CHECKED

ENGINEER

REV -

SIZE DWG NUMBER

vertical pipe.



Commercial Drawings



Types of

Drawings

Another vertical pipe


Isometric drawings

SHEETSCALE

Name

Name

Name

Name

APPROVED

DRAWN

CHECKED

ENGINEER

REV -

SIZE DWG NUMBER



Commercial Drawings



Types of

Drawings

Horizontal pipe and oblique drawings

Isometric drawings

SHEETSCALE

Name

Name

Name

Name

APPROVED

DRAWN

CHECKED

ENGINEER

REV -

SIZE DWG NUMBER

Horizontal pipe connecting



Commercial Drawings



Types of

Drawings

Continue to draw

the system.and oblique drawings

Isometric drawings

SHEETSCALE

Name

Name

Name

Name

APPROVED

DRAWN

CHECKED

ENGINEER

REV -

SIZE DWG NUMBER

the system.



Commercial Drawings



Types of

Drawings

Finally, add

branches and you

can size the pipe and oblique drawings

Isometric drawings

SHEETSCALE

Name

Name

Name

Name

APPROVED

DRAWN

CHECKED

ENGINEER

REV -

SIZE DWG NUMBER

can size the pipe and take off the

fittings required for

this DWV battery.



Commercial Drawings



Types of

Drawings

Using the isometric drawing figure 1 list pipe sizes for the following;A___________

B___________C___________

D___________E___________F___________G___________H___________

I ___________ and oblique drawings

Isometric drawings

I ___________

J___________K___________L___________M___________N___________O___________P___________Q___________R___________S___________T___________U___________W__________X___________Whet is the fitting at “Y”__________________What is the total DFUs at pipe “A”_____________


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

TECHNICAL

SPECIFICATIONS

• Specifications serve several purposes:

• They spell out the provisions of the contract and the responsibilities of the architect, the owner, the contractor, and the subcontractor.the subcontractor.

• They supplement the working drawings with detailed technical information about the work to be done and the material to be used.

• They support the drawings and become part of the contract documents.


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

Technical

Specifications

Performance

Specifications

• Performance specificationsspecify the outcome of the construction activity and allow the contractor to decide how to perform contractor to decide how to perform the work.


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

Technical

Specifications

Performance

Specifications

• Descriptive specifications tell the contractor exactly how to do a particular task.

Specifications

Descriptive

Specifications


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

Technical

Specifications

Performance

Specifications

Descriptive

• Standard (Reference) Specifications are developed by a party other than the project architect. Descriptive

Specifications

Standard

Specifications

architect.


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

• Documentation was once a secondary activity for the supervisor, but during the past decade, documentation has grown decade, documentation has grown to become one of the most important tasks. The reason is simple: documentation is vital to a successful business.


Commercial Drawings

Documentation• The primary documents a contractor may require a supervisor to maintain are:

• Project communication

• Daily logs or reports• Daily logs or reports

• Meeting minutes

• Photographs

• Schedule updates

• Time cards

• As-built drawings


Commercial Drawings

Documentation• There are also certain closeout documents that must be completed at the end of a project before the owner accepts the final work. They include:

• Certificate of Occupancy

• Certificate of Substantial Completion

• Punch list• Punch list

• Operation and maintenance manuals

• Warranties and guarantees


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

• 1. The documentation should be accurate.

Criteria for Good Documentation

• 1. The documentation should be accurate. • 2. The documentation should be objective. • 3. The documentation should be complete. • 4. The documentation should be uniform. • 5. The documentation should be credible. • 6. The documentation should be timely.


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

Communication

• Throughout every project, supervisors have to communicate their thoughts, ideas, and actions to others.

• Verbal communication makes for poor documentation because it forces the parties involved to depend on their memories to recall facts and issues that may have been discussed involved to depend on their memories to recall facts and issues that may have been discussed months earlier.

• Supervisors should therefore use written correspondence when transmitting information to the owner, architectural engineer, contractors, and vendors.


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

Communication

• Correspondence includes formal letters, speed messages, memos, and other documents authorized by the company. the company.

• A Request for Information (RFI), is written correspondence to request clarification about a problem.


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

Communication

• Other types of information that should

be in writing are:

• Notification of delays

• Disruption of scheduled work activities• Disruption of scheduled work activities

• Changes in project schedule

• Changes to drawings and specifications

• Any problem that may result in a claim


Commercial Drawings

Documentation• As-built drawings are developed to show changes to the project as it is being built.

• These drawings should be clearly identified, kept at the job site, and kept

As-built

drawings

identified, kept at the job site, and kept separate from other job drawings.

• At the completion of the project, the as-built drawings are submitted to the architectural engineer as part of the closeout documents.


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

As-built

drawings

Noted in red on Noted in red on this As-Built the

4” Sanitary line

has been moved.


Commercial Drawings

Documentation• The daily log provides the following information on a daily basis:

• Facts about the work• Work progress• Special requirements or problems

• Notice of equipment and material deliveries

Daily Log

• Notice of equipment and material deliveries• Company and subcontractor personnel on site• Visitors to the job, including the owner,

architects, inspectors, testing agents, and anyone else who is not employed by the company


Commercial Drawings

Documentation

• The project schedule is an estimate of the time and the sequence of events necessary to get the job done and is critical to the timely

Schedule

done and is critical to the timely completion of work.


Commercial Drawings

• Daily time reports should be completed every day and should contain information such as:

• Hours worked

Daily Time

Reports

Documentation

• Hours worked

• Areas or activities worked on

• Production rates


Commercial Drawings

Documentation• After construction has been completed,

the project closeout documents still

must be completed. Among the closeout

documents usually required are:

Closeout Documents

• Certificate of Occupancy

• Certificate of Substantial Completion

(Punch list)

• Operation and maintenance manuals

• Warranties and guarantees


In summary, we need to understand the information given in a set of commercial drawings. By understanding the information completely and correctly we save time and money. Reading commercial drawings is an activity we get better at, the more we practice.

Commercial Drawings

Summary

activity we get better at, the more we practice. It will be difficult to pick up a set of drawings, and the first time be able to completely understand the information given. If used properly, and understood completely, drawings can help a contractor to be successful in they’re work on any project.
