Diploma in Interior Design

Colour Study

DNM 115

Name : Yew Jing Hui

Student ID : 2014050061

Prepared For : Ms. Cheryl

Introduction

With colours can set a mood, attract attention, or make a statement. Beside that we can use colour to energize, or to cool down. By selecting the right colour scheme, which can create an ambiance of elegance, warmth or tranquillity, or convey an image of playful youthfulness. Colour can be the most powerful design element if learn to use it effectively. Colour is the perceptual characteristic of light described by a colour name. Specifically, colour is light, and light is composed of many colours—those we see are the colours of the visual spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Objects absorb certain wavelengths and reflect others back to the viewer. We perceive these wavelengths as colour.

Colour Wheel

The colour wheel is the basic tool for combining colours. The colour wheel is designed so that virtually any colours that pick from it will look good together. The most common version is a wheel of 12 colours based on the RYB (or artistic) colour model. Additional, there are a number of colour combinations that are considered especially pleasing. These are called colour harmonies or colour chords and they consist of two or more colours with a fixed relation in the colour wheel. The typical artists' paint or pigment colour wheel includes the primary colour, red, yellow and blue colour. The corresponding primary colour is green, orange, and violet or purple. The tertiary colour is red–orange, red–violet, yellow–orange, yellow–green, blue–violet and blue–green. A colour wheel based on RGB (red, green, blue) or RGV (red, green, violet) additive primaries has cyan, magenta, and yellow. Alternatively, the same arrangement of colours around a circle can be described as based on cyan, magenta, and yellow subtractive primaries, with red, green, and blue (or violet) being secondary’s. Most of the colour wheels are based on three primary colours, three secondary colours, and the six intermediates formed by mixing a primary with a secondary, known as tertiary colours, for a total of 12 main divisions; some add more intermediates, for 24 named colours. Other colour wheels, however, are based on the four opponent colours, and may have four or eight main colours.

Primary Colour

These colours are the three colours that cannot be created by mixing other colours. The colours are red, blue and yellow. They form a triangle on the colour wheel. Primary colours can be combined to make secondary colours. These three colours are mixed to create all other colours and can be combined with white or black to create tints (lighter tones) and shades (darker hues) of these colours. These are the only colours that can be found in nature.

Secondary Colour

The secondary colours are orange, green and violet and are duller than the primaries because they have been mixed together. They form a triangle on the colour wheel and are colours that are mixed from the primary colours.

Tertiary Colour

A tertiary colour is a colour made by mixing one primary colour with one secondary colour. These colours are yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, red-orange, red-violet and even duller than the secondary colours because the primary has been mixed with a secondary. Tertiary colours are a combination of full saturation of one primary colour plus half saturation of another primary colour and none of a third primary colour.

Analogous colour

Analogous colour schemes use colours that are next to each other on the colour wheel. They usually match well and create serene and comfortable designs. Analogous colour schemes are often found in nature and are harmonious and pleasing to the eye. An analogous colour cannot have two primary colours in its scheme because the primary colours have nothing in common.

Complementary Colour

Colours that are opposite each other on the colour wheel. A complementary absorbs all the light waves the other colour reflects and is the strongest contrast to the colour. When used the full saturation, the high contrast of complementary colours creates a vibrant look. To prevent it not jarring, this colour scheme must be managed well.

Split-complementary

A split complementary colour scheme is one of several methods for selecting harmonious groups of colours from the colour wheel. Colour schemes can be categorized as simple, contrasting, or balanced. The split complementary scheme can be considered either a balanced or contrasting colour scheme.

A split complementary colour scheme is a group of three colours selected from the colour wheel. It is made up of one colour plus the colours on each side of its complement. The complement of a colour is the colour directly opposite it on the colour wheel.

Split complementary colour schemes produce dramatic, visually intriguing combinations of contrasting colours with good balance. The split complementary colour scheme is used to choose colours for artwork and interior design.

Triad

A colour triad consists of three colours that are equal in distance from each other on the colour wheel. Colour triads provide a high level of contrast using three colours. It may be neutralized, raised or lowered in value to produce a tranquil scheme. To use the triad colour successfully, balance the colour by choose one dominate colour and two accent colour.

Tetrad

A colour tetrad consists of four colours that are equal in distance from each other. A colour tetrad is created by using two sets of complementary colours. Tetrad colour can be nice if one colour is chosen to be the dominant colour. Tetrad colour normally use the warm colour and cold colour.

Achromatic

The meaning of achromatic colour is “Free of Colour “. Achromatic means without colour, in black and white. All neutral tones are from pure white, the shades of pure grey to pure black are achromatic, but they are not property called colours. The greyscale also consider as achromatic means that grey are not classified in the subset of RGB or yellow.

Monochromatic

Monochromatic colours are all the colours (tints, tones, and shades) of a single hue. Monochromatic colour uses a subtle variation of tints and shades it is just a big word for similar. It means using only one colour.

Tints

Tints are lightened colours. Always begin with white and add a bit of colours to the white until the desired tint is obtained.

Shades

Shades are darkened colour. Always begin with the colour and add just a bit of black at a time to get the desired shade of a colour.

Tones

Add grey colour to get either darker or lighter colour than the original hue.

Warm colour

Warm colour is made up of yellow, yellow-orange, orange, red-orange and red. Warm colours can get the attention. They are lively and energetic. These colours make the big space become smaller. Warm colours convey emotions from simple optimism to strong violence. Represents : Fire, Sunlight.

Cold Colour

Cold colour is made up of green-yellow, green, blue-green, blue, purple-blue, and purple. Cold colour recedes. Cold colour implies in sadness, depression and night. Represents: Sky, water, grass and plants.

Colour Value

Value is defined as the relative lightness or darkness of a colour. It is an important tool for the designer/artist, in the way that it defines form and creates spatial illusions. Contrast of value separates objects in space, while gradation of value suggests mass and contour of a contiguous surface. In the drawing on the right, value contrast separates the artichoke from the background, and the separate leaves from one another, while gradation suggests the curves of leave surfaces and of the whole form.

Colour Harmony

Harmony can be defined as a pleasing arrangement of parts, whether it be music, poetry, color, or even an ice cream sundae. In visual experiences, harmony is something that is pleasing to the eye. It engages the viewer and it creates an inner sense of order, a balance in the visual experience. When something is not harmonious, it's either boring or chaotic. At one extreme is a visual experience that is so bland that the viewer is not engaged. The human brain will reject under-stimulating information. At the other extreme is a visual experience that is so overdone, so chaotic that the viewer can't stand to look at it. The human brain rejects what it can not organize, what it can not understand. The visual task requires that we present a logical structure. Color harmony delivers visual interest and a sense of order. This color harmony is useful to express feelings of cold or remoteness. It is also useful to represent scenes where you want the elements to recede away from the viewer and appear distant.

Colour Psychology Psychology is the science of the mind. The human mind is the most complex machine on earth. It is the source of all thought and behaviour. Colour psychology is the study of the effect that colours have on human behaviour particularly the natural instinctive feelings that each colour evokes. Colours can have both positive and negative effects on our moods and feelings. Colour psychology is relatively old area of scientific research, ancient civilizations believed in the influence of colour on humans. The ancient Chinese Egyptians and Indians believed in chromotherapy or healing with colours. White:

Innocence

Cleanliness

Purity

Peace

Comfort

Alleviates emotional shock and despair Red:

Love

Passion

Emotion

Increase heart rate

Increase body temperature

Danger

Heat

Optimism

Power

Energy Orange:

Health

Youth

Activity

Overcome fatigue

Treatment of depressions

Increase appetite

Stabilizes emotions

Spiritual

Sacrifice

Warmth Yellow:

Cheerfulness

Happy moods

Trigger frustration and irritation

Jealous

Green:

Harmony

Balance

Nature

Calm

Security

Life

Growth

Good luck Blue:

Calmness

Relaxation

Lower the pulse rate

Creativity

Peacefulness

Sadness Violet:

Royalty

Prosperity

Luxury

Elegance

Joy

Independent

Creativity Grey:

Independence

Self-reliance

Self-control

Loneliness

Intellect

Futurism

Decay Black:

Silence

Infinite

Mystery

Death

Fear Brown:

earth

stability

endurance

practical

Reference: www.google.com www.yahoo.com www.slideshare.com