7.1PATTERN OF

COLLABORATION

PATTERN OF COLLABORATION

0 Malaysian scientist are collaborating internationally is also at a nascent stage,as demonstrated through co-authorship and joint project

0 This is encouraging,given country’s limited collaborative experience.and it is also reflects the importance placed on developing strong independent research in the first intance.

0 But Malaysian’s collaboration rates lower than some of Malaysian’s neighbours.

0One of the reasons,why Malaysian scientist do not abroad because there is ample R&D funding available within country.

0So, scientist not dependent on EU or other funding resource.

0 It is good Malaysia is so independent,but on other hand international collaboration needs to become one of our top priorities.

List of International Institutions Collaborations

01. Imperial College, London, UK.02. University of Ottawa, Canada03. Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan04. Institut Europeen des Membranes, Universite Montpellier, France05. Prince of Songkla University, Thailand06. National University of Singapore, Singapore07. Institute Technology Bandung, Indonesia08. Meiji University, Japan.09. Diponegoro University, Indonesia010. University of Strathclyde, Scotland, UK.

List of International Institutions Collaborations

1. Imperial College, London, UK.2. University of Ottawa, Canada

3. Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan4. Institut Europeen des Membranes, Universite Montpellier, France

5. Prince of Songkla University, Thailand6. National University of Singapore, Singapore

7. Institute Technology Bandung, Indonesia8. Meiji University, Japan.

9. Diponegoro University, Indonesia10. University of Strathclyde, Scotland, UK.

Research & Development collaboration

COUNTRY 2010 (RM Billion) Share (%)

People's Republic Of China 146.53 12.5

Singapore 145.53 12.5

Japan 133.30 11.4

United States Of America 117.21 10.0

Thailand 67.11 5.7

Republic Of Korea 53.02 4.5

Indonesia 47.48 4.1

Hong Kong 45.09 3.9

Taiwan 44.04 3.8

Germany 38.68 3.3

Others 329.67 28.2

TOTAL TRADE 1,167.65 100.0

Malaysia's Top 10 Trade Statistics for the Year 2010 (Country)1. Malaysia's Top 10 Trading Partners

COLONIAL TIES

7.2

0 Gastro-diplomacy0 Trafalgar Square Malaysian street food

bazaar

0 Malaysia prefers UK for collaborative research while of many UK’s neighbours prefer US.

0 Co-authored articles between the two almost doubled from just 543 articles between 1996 to 2000, to 963 between 2004 to 2008.

0 Producing a total of 334,418 internationally co-authored articles between 2004 to 2008.

0 Boyd argues that, as Malaysia’s research strength grow, UK scientist should increasingly look to a Malaysia, particularly given its unique biodiversity and potential for pharmaceutical and climate change focused.

Collaboration Focused on

Engineering

Medicine

Physics and Astronomy

Material Science

0 In 2007-2008, there was a major drive between Malaysia and UK.

0 £4 million directed towards collaborative research programmes in 2007-2008 between the UK and 12 East Asian countries.

0 £1.2 million was allocated to 25 different collaborative with Malaysia more than China, Singapore, Thailand and Japan.

0 Ties between UK and Malaysia run deep, with British –born Francis Light first settling in Penang as early as 1786.

0 The relationship still remains after the independence in 1957.

0The Colombo Plan(1950) established by seven governments of the

Commonwealth, later include the USA and others within South and South

East Asia.

0Initially created to:0Promote bilateral aid to developing countries in Asia.0Sponsoring thousands of Asian student to study in tertiary institution.0UK and Australia among the most popular destinations.

Today ,there are almost 12,500 Malaysian studying in UK, a third of whom areenrolled in postgraduate programmes.

7.3Looking DownMalaysian choose Australia as study destinations.

2010 -Attracting over 20,000 students-vocational and training institutions-schorlarship from the Malaysian Government for public `university academics-overseas PhDs also prompted significant growth-fields of science and engineering

Due to Colombo Plan-estimated 250,000 alumni boasting an Australian qualification.

Such benefits are now being reflected in co-authored publications. medicine, engineering and computer sciences, followed by physics and astronomy.

OTHER COLLABORATORS

7.4

MALAYSIA AND EUROPEAN UNION

0Malaysia’s collaborative relations in Europe :

Country Rank Article Publications

Germany 10 th 237

France 14 th 148

Netherlands 17 th 119

0Malaysia has been considered as ‘Strikingly Marginal Beneficiary’.

0March 2010, EU announced RM2.5mil would be provided to University of Nottingham-Malaysia.

0Aim >>> To increase awareness and collaboration through EU research frameworks.

GLOBAL CHAMPION FOR FOOD SECURITY

‘Crops for the Future’

To explore importance sources of nutrition, food animal feed other resources.

‘Single Global

Champion’

To advance research capacity in food security and biodiversity. To become a facilitator of collaborations around the world.

MALAYSIA AND THE REGION

0 Malaysia collaboration with neighbours country still quite limited

0 Why ??? 0 - Due largely to huge disparities in scientific

capacity across South East Asia.

0 India and Japan more prominently in Malaysia’s collaborative networks and ranked 2nd and 5th respectively

0 Why ???0 - Due to Malaysia’s geographical position and

unique cultural activity.

SOUTH-SOUTH COLLABORATION

7.5

International Science , Technology and Innovation

Centre for South-South Cooperation (ISTIC)

0 Established 2008.0 Auspices UNESCO.0 Funded by Government.

ISTIC Aims :

To be an international platform for countries of the G77 and the

OIC to collaborate in STI.

Chairman :Dato Lee Yee Cheong

0 Former Engineering.0 Industry leader.

ISTIC IS IMPORTANT :

0 “because developing countries need to have confidence in themselves and we must not be dominated or overshadowed by the likes of China, India and Brazil”.

0 “its not about philanthropy or aid; future markets are all based in the South so ISTIC is about investing now, building relationships now so that developing countries can benefit from each other in the future”

ISTIC concentrates on areas such as water, energy, health, agriculture, and biodiversity.

ISTIC is symbolic of broader ambitions to become a hub for

knowledge sharing among poorer countries.

Seven out of eight (7/8) Millenium Development Goals

Malaysia’s experience is now shared as an example of best practice for other developing

countries.

7.6ROLE MODEL IN ISLAMIC WORLD

0OIC (organisation of islamic conference) have 57 member states include 22 of the world's 50 least developed countries.

0dialogue about STI is much needed0malaysia's involvement with UN (united nation) to

share best practice, similar initiatives and training could take place amongst the least developed contries

0malaysia would be the best to facilitate these exchange

0 in 2003 and 2007, malaysia being charged with reinvigorating and it proposed number of ambitious policies including;

i. settlement of israeli-arab conflictii.promotion of islam hadhari iii.increased economic cooperation among muslim

countriesultimately unsuccessfulbut malaysia remains as a source of inspiration

today

vision 1441

0highlights fostering collaboration in STI among OIC countriesas a part of its effort to inspire islamic contries to become more proficient in the acquisition, generation, distribution and exploitation of knowledge

0malaysia can take use of similar OIC member states who are similar scientific areas for potential collaboration.

0 eg. nanotechnology (new for malaysia but iran and turkey gaining traction)

0building networks and forums for exchange information and ideas is very useful

0 the vision also suggests OIC countries should spend 1.2% of their GDP on R&D

0by 2015, 30% students in OIC countries should hane oppurtunity to go to the university and encourages scholarships and exchanges particularly among OIC members.

0while only 7 years into this 17-year strategy, majority of countries woll fall well short of lofty aims and senior malaysians have expressed diasappointment about the lack of commitmentamong OIC states.

WHERE’S NEXT?Malaysia has lots of network to draw from. Here list some of example of connections which can link our country to other countries.

*Commonwealth of Nations*Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC)*ASEAN and APEC

These are strong credentials in terms of a framework which to build collaborative networks

Commonwealth Of Nation

Can link our country to 54 other countries.

Current Members >>>

Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC)

Links our country to 56 other states which are:

States that it is "the collective voice of the Muslim World" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony"

ASEAN and APEC

*ASEAN (1967) stands for Association of Southeast Asian Nation

*Is a geopolitical and economic organization of ten countries located at Southeast Asia. Countries included are Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand.

*APEC(1989) stands for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

* Both helps in connecting our country to their region and have an unique cultural diversity open enviable door in East Asia

ISTIC and ‘Crops for the Future’ are one of those initiatives which demonstrates an increasing desire to tap into global research more effectively.

Co-authored papers increasing at fast rate are also a good news and should be further encouraged.

ConclusionIn conclusion, there’s still many to be done. Collaboration is still some way off becoming embedded in the research culture of Malaysian scientist.

Initiatives such as Colombo Plan could be better used as a link of establishment.