Collaborating on Mega Science Facilities

Barry Barish Caltech

NEON Workshop Tucson 13-April-09

LIGO Livingston, Louisiana

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 2

Big Science at NSF?   Advancements in science

»  Individual Investigators

–  The heart of the NSF program

»  Large Infrastructure Support – Polar Program

–  Complex management –  International treaty –  International participation

»  Large Science Projects –  LIGO –  Large Collaboration

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 3

Auger Experiment

Argentina

  Origin of the highest energy cosmic rays?

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 4

ALMA Project

Argentina

  Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array of up to 80 high-precision antennas

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 5

Ice Cube Project   Neutrino Astrophysics – Investigating

astrophysical sources emitting ultra high energy neutrinos

South Pole

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 6

The Global Projects --- LHC

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 7

The Global Projects --- ILC

International Linear

Collider

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 8

Small Science - Big Science

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 9

Large-scale Science Project

  Must mix small science culture with big science culture » Conception & Design – small science

leads » Planning – big science leads » Execution – big science leads

–  Solve technical problems – small science crucial

» Transition to science usage – transition towards small science

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 10

Newton’s Theory “instantaneous action at a

distance”

Einstein’s Theory information carried

by gravitational radiation at the speed

of light

Gµν= 8πΤµν

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 11

laser

The Concept

Laser Interferometer

free masses

h = strain amplitude of grav. waves h = ΔL/L ~ 10-21

L = 4 km ΔL ~ 10-18 m

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 12

The Concept - Interferometry

  Laser used to measure relative lengths of two orthogonal arms

As a wave passes, the arm lengths change in different ways….

…causing the interference pattern to

change at the photodiode

  Arms in LIGO are 4km   Measure difference in

length to one part in 1021 or 10-18 meters

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 13

LIGO Project phases   Define Science Goals (community support)   Define Concept - R&D   Determine baseline (science requirements)   Design – stage I concept or reference   Design – stage II engineering   Baseline the design (cost, schedule, PM)   Industrialization   Performance - earn value, quality   Integration

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 14

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)   Break down all work to complete the project

»  Include all physical deliverables, subsystems »  Include R&D, design, prototyping, fabrication,

assembly, installation, acceptance testing leading to a deliverable product

»  Include administration, system engineering, purchasing, reporting not directly related to deliverable products

»  Break work down to 5-8 levels from top when mature

  Organize work to support deliverables

  If work will involve major contracts, represent them in the WBS

  Write out a WBS dictionary and maintain it

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 15

LIGO Work Breakdown Structure

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 16

A Cost Estimate

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 17

Summary integrated schedule

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 18

LIGO Project phases   Define Science Goals (community support)   Define Concept - R&D   Determine baseline (science requirements)   Design – stage I concept or reference   Design – stage II engineering   Baseline the design (cost, schedule, PM)   Industrialization   Performance - earn value, quality   Integration   End Game - done & broke together

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 19

(%Contingency used)/(% Project complete)

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 20

LIGO

Hanford Washington

4 km

2 km

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 21

LIGO Livingston, Louisiana

4 km

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 22

Rms strain in 100 Hz BW: 0.4x10-21

Sensitivity Entering S5 …

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 23

LIGO Lab Organization

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 24

LIGO Lab Organization

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 25

LIGO Lab Flat Organization

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 26

LIGO Laboratory Charter

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 27

LIGO Organization & Support

LIGO Laboratory

MIT + Caltech ~140 people Director

LIGO Science Collaboration

50 member institutions > 500 scientists Spokesperson

National Science Foundation

UK Germany

Japan Russia India Spain

Australia

$

SCIENCE Detector R&D

DESIGN CONSTRUCTION

OPERATION

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 28

Why a Scientific Collaboration?   All scientists participate on equal

footing in the science » LIGO Lab scientists and University

scientists all do science through the collaboration

  Provide enabling and collaborating mechanisms to carry out research

  Governance is well documented, determined by the collaboration, updated periodically

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 29

LIGO Scientific Collaboration Bylaws

14-April-09 NEON Workshop 30

LIGO : Lessons Learned   Large collaborations require some level

of organization and organizational principles

  Individuality can and should thrive within large science research

  The scientists should organize how they do their research, have access to data, present results, etc

  One size does not fit all !!