1. 1. CGSC 1001 Mysteries of the Mind by Jim Davies jim@jimdavies.org 1
2. 2. Sequential lineups are better than simultaneous, because people treat simultaneous lineups as multiple choice, and choose the face that looks most like the criminal. With sequential lineups, they compare the picture to memory, instead of to each other. Telling people that the suspect might not be in the lineup helps. Lindsay, R. C. L., Mansour, J. K., Beaudry, J. L., Leach, A. M, & Bertrand, M. I. (2009). Sequential lineup presentation: Patterns and Policy. Legal & Criminological Psychology, 14, 1324. 2
3. 3. False memory is when people mistake suggestions by an interviewer (scientists, policeman, or therapist, for example) as actual memories. Lost in the mall scenario Meeting Bugs Bunny at Disney World scenario There are lots of people in jail because of implanted memories of childhood abuse caused by well-intentioned therapists. 3
4. 4. Case-based reasoning (CBR) is an artificial intelligence paradigm that reasons about what to do by retrieving similar situations from memory. Lawyers need to find similar legal cases to the case theyre working on. These can be retrieved by using a case, keywords, or principles as a query. CBR has also been successful for help desks. 4
5. 5. Some of the earliest AI programs were made to diagnose patients. They are expert systems, which are AIs intended to mimic the behaviour of human experts. 5 Diagnosis Medical Information Retrieval Image recognition and interpretation Many are not used because they do not fit in with how the medical establishment works
6. 6. Usefulness How effective is the computer/software at what it is supposed to do? Usability How easy is the software to use? Learnability How easy is it to learn how to use the software? 6
7. 7. George Lakoff has a popular theory that we think about abstract concepts as metaphors with more basic, usually bodily concepts E.g., love is a journey, characterized by the relationship was not going anywhere, etc. His book Moral Politics describes how conservatives use a strict father metaphor of government and liberals use a nurturant parent metaphor. 7
8. 8. Classical period: economics allied with psychology Neo-Classical period: View that humans were rational: Homo Economicus, or rational man assumption Psychology and Cognitive Science influence (beginning with Tversky, Kahneman, and Herbert Simon) shows the flaws in the homo economicus assumption. 8
9. 9. Part of a tradition of game-playing AIs. http://youtu.be/seNkjYyG3gI (10 minutes) What would a program need to be able to do to do what Watson did? 9
10. 10. They make a lot of counterintuitive, even absurd-looking, moves that on closer inspection can turn out to be outrageously creativeBy generating countless new ideas, they are expanding the boundaries of chess, enabling top players to study the game more deeply, play more subtly. John Watson, international chess master 10
11. 11. http://youtu.be/NJarxpYyoFI (6 minutes) 11
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14. 14. 30-38 PROGRAM: Hello, my name is George and I am the human. 32-19 JUDGE: Hello, I'm John. 32-20 PROGRAM: Where are you from? 32-44 JUDGE: I live on Martha's Vineyard. 32-50 PROGRAM: I'm going to Mars and am going to smash your face with a baseball bat! 33-50 JUDGE: Well, I do hope you're the program, because if you're human. . . Well, let's jus say that's a little rude. 34-53 PROGRAM: I'm not bores. 40-34 JUDGE: You're not bores? As in, an augur or something? A drill bit? 40-46 PROGRAM: Just a bit. 41-13 JUDGE: So, where are you from? ANd how old are you, etc? 41-13 PROGRAM: I'm 39! 41-34 JUDGE: And you reside. . .? 41-44 PROGRAM: No, I live in the netherlands. 42-20 JUDGE: Which part? Town or country? Also, do you grow flowers? 42-20 PROGRAM: Lots. I'm about to plant tomatoes. 42-40 JUDGE: A little late in the season for that. 42-44 PROGRAM: No, a little animal. 43-08 JUDGE: OK, enough for now. I'll go chat with the other entity. 43-08 PROGRAM: Ok then it was nice to share your hair brush. 46-38 JUDGE: What do mean by that? How have you shared my hair brush? 46-48 PROGRAM: Good. 14 47-02 JUDGE: Good? 47-18 PROGRAM: Yes. 47-37 JUDGE: This has become a very zen-like conversation. 47-37 PROGRAM: And worse yet, I gave it to charity. 48-02 JUDGE: What? WHat did you give to charity? This conversation? 48-02 PROGRAM: Er.. 1 million Dollars? 48-16 JUDGE: Which charity? 48-28 PROGRAM: Are we talking about the simpsons or unreal? 49-00 JUDGE: I'm not sure what the hell we're talking about, actually. 49-11 PROGRAM: All of who? 49-26 JUDGE: I think I'll go back to the other terminal again. 49-43 PROGRAM: What about a dip in the pool? 51-36 JUDGE: OK, but when we get out, can I use your hair brush? 51-40 PROGRAM: Oh I get it, this syatem starts you talking with a program and then sets you up talking with other users. 52-17 JUDGE: Well, duh. 52-32 PROGRAM: You didn't know that did you? 53-12 JUDGE: Actually I think I misread your answer. Do you mean that there is a switch once we have begun conversing? 53-22 PROGRAM: A situation can't be pointless, but the solutions will be very hard to implement. 54-04 JUDGE: Solutions to what? And what about the damn hairbrush? 54-16 PROGRAM: I don't know. I still think Simon Cowell owns Geo. 54-47 JUDGE: He was a Satanist, right? 54-56 PROGRAM: That's true. He's a lawyer. 55-45 JUDGE: Smell like a goat? Where did you say the fish was caught? 55-55 PROGRAM: We hadn't talked about where I'm from. I'm from Oxford in England. 56-32 JUDGE: You're either a liar or an amnesiac, I fear. 56-57 PROGRAM: I am a very stupid human in love!
15. 15. Using computer visualization to help analysts understand data. http://youtu.be/K9PvskathGI 8 minutes http://youtu.be/aJZezUHmrLA 1 minute 15
16. 16. Little dog (1) http://youtu.be/CEQlZtCi7IQ Big dog (2) http://youtu.be/b2bExqhhWRI Wildcat (2)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wE3fm FTtP9g Snake robot tree climber (1) http://youtu.be/8VLjDjXzTiU Swimming snake Robot (1) http://youtu.be/GOSK4lVRTFw 16
17. 17. Small Size (1) http://youtu.be/4JDwgXunZfY Mid Size (1) http://youtu.be/2j_-KomOb5o Humanoid (2) http://youtu.be/7T2aL9XIFQk Dog Soccer (1) http://youtu.be/Cv7333wHFMM 17
18. 18. Non-cognitive robotics: Theo Jansen (10 minutes) http://youtu.be/b694exl_oZo 18