cognitive science overview cognitive science defined the brain assumptions of cognitive science...
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Cognitive Science
Overview
• Cognitive Science Defined• The Brain• Assumptions of Cognitive Science• Cognitive Information Processing• Cognitive Science and Instructional Design
Cognitive Science
As the science of the mind, cognitive science is concerned with human cognition, i.e., mental phenomena such as perceiving, thinking, remembering, language comprehension, learning, and emotion.
Definition
Cognitive Science
Cognitive Science emerged at the intersection of
•Cognitive psychology•Linguistics•Philosophy•Computer science •Artificial intelligence•Neuroscience•Anthropology
Contributing Fields
Scenario
Cognitive Science
Introduction
Learning Process
Sensory and Working Memory
Information (visual, verbal, …)
Long-term Memory
Cognitive Theories
Learning Theories
Learner Characteristics
Cognitive Science
Overview
• Cognitive Science Defined• The Brain• Assumptions of Cognitive Science• Cognitive Information Processing• Cognitive Science and Instructional Design
Scenario
Cognitive Science
The Human Brain
Macromolecular level: Anatomy Microscopic Level: Neurons and Glia Cellular Level: Brain cells
Cognitive Science
Brain AnatomyFrontallobe
Temporallobe
Parietal lobe
Occipitallobe
CerebellumCerebral Cortex
Cognitive Science
• Frontal Lobe: motor activity, including speech, integrates personality with emotion and transforms thought into action
• Parietal lobe: sensory information from opposite site of body, integration of vision and sound
• Temporal lobe: hearing, involved in learning, memory, emotion
• Occipital lobe: visual perception• Cerebellum: Balance, posture, movement
Brain Anatomy
Cognitive Science
Broca’sarea
Motor cortex Somatosensory cortex
Sensory associativecortex
PrimaryAuditory cortex
Wernicke’sarea
Visual associativecortex
Visualcortex
Lateral Brain
Cognitive ScienceMotor cortex
Primary motor cortex (M1) Posterior parietal cortex
Premotor cortex(PMA)
Supplementarymotor cortex(SMA)
Principal Motor Domains
Cognitive ScienceMotor cortex Primary motor cortex (M1)
Foot
Hip
Trunk
Arm
Hand
Face
Tongue
Larynx
Motor Homunculus
Scenario
Cognitive Science
The Human Brain
Macromolecular level: Anatomy Microscopic Level: Neurons and Glia Cellular Level: Brain cells
Cognitive Science
• Neuron: cellular unit of the central and peripheral nervous systems
• Glia: “glue” binds neurons together
• Neurons communicate by means of neurotransmitters acting across synapses
• 50-100 billion neurons in brain• 1 Million billion connections between neurons• 2.5 Million neurons generated per minute during prenatal life
Microscopic Level
Cognitive ScienceMotor cortex
CELL BODY
AXON
Myelin sheath
Schwann cellNode of Ranvier
Synaptic terminals
Dendrites NucleusSynapses
Neuron
Cognitive ScienceMotor cortex
Impulse
Presynaptic neuron
Vesicle
Transmitters
Synaptic cleft
Receptors
Postsynapticneuron
Postsynaptic activity
Scenario
Cognitive Science
The Human Brain
Macromolecular level: Anatomy Microscopic Level: Neurons and Glia Cellular Level: Brain cells
Cognitive Science
• Based on genetic code in DNA• Approx. three Billion DNA bases• Difference to chimpanzees: 1%• Specialization of brain cell: Information transfer
Brain cells
Cognitive Science
Overview
• Cognitive Science Defined• The Brain• Assumptions of Cognitive Science• Cognitive Information Processing• Cognitive Science and Instructional Design
Cognitive Science
Scientific assumption• Mind as natural phenomenon• Governed by physical processes• Observable
Assumptions
Cognitive Science
• Cognition as a form of computation, Mind is information processing system
•Formal information processes–can be studied as patterns and the manipulation of patterns (independent of particular instance)•Mental representations–Separation of symbols from their meaning•Separating formal processes from their physical basis•Cognitive Science is basic science
Assumptions
Scenario
Cognitive Science
Discussion
What are the limits of the Computer Metaphor for human information processing?
How can information be separated from its meaning and then processed? Can you provide examples for this method?
Cognitive Science
Overview
• Cognitive Science Defined• The Brain• Assumptions of Cognitive Science• Cognitive Information Processing• Cognitive Science and Instructional Design
Cognitive Science
Cognitive Information Processing
Scenario
Cognitive Science
Discussion
Cognitive information processing:
-Can information processing be separated -from the biological or neurological,
-from the sociological or cultural?
Cognitive Science
Overview
• Cognitive Science Defined• The Brain• Assumptions of Cognitive Science• Cognitive Information Processing• Cognitive Science and Instructional Design
Scenario
Cognitive Science
Discussion
Cognitive Science and Instructional Design:
Where is the connection?
Cognitive Science
Connection between Cognitive Science and ID
• Instructional Design and Cognitive Science are systems theories
• Cognitive Science dominant theoretical influence on instructional design practice
•Analysis•Design•Development•Delivery/Implementation•Evaluation
Cognitive Science & ID