COCCUS

LECTURER BY:

SRI CHUSNIATI

* Gram positive:- Staphylococcus- Streptococcus- Diplococcus

*Gram negative:- Neisseria

STAPHYLOCOCCUS* 1881 (Ogston) → Micrococcus* 1957 (Bergey's manual) → Staphylococcus* Staphylococcus aureus = golden yellow

albus = colorless citreus = lemon yellow

-pathogenic : Staphylococcus aureus

- other species : Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus intermedius

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Staphylococcus aureus= Staphylococcus pyogenes

Morphology: Non motile coccus, diameter 0.8-1,0 µmThe cels were presented as a Iregular grape-like

clusters. Gram positive, Spore negative

Culture characteristics:Aerobic – microaerophilicoptimum temperature 30 - 37o Coptimum pH 7,0 to 7,5Performance in the agar plates, as follows

smoothy colonies, diameter 2-4 mm.

Apearantly : Growing on agar plate at 24 hour on 370 C with pigment produce. But no pigment produced in liquid media.On Blood Agar, have a zone hemolytic

Biochemistry characterizedCatalase, coagulase and phosphatase +. From glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose and manitol were produce acid substance with out gas, the MR positive, but VP & indol negativeResistance:

30 minutes during the 60o C15 minutes at 1% of phenol 10 minutes at HgCl

2 (mercury perchloride)

Antigenic structure: Cel wall (somatic antigen/O antigen) were available in peptidoglican, theicoic acid, protein A (precipitinogen)

Types of enzyme :Catalase, Coagulase, Hyaluronidase, Deoxy ribonuclease, Phosphatase, Protease, Lipase, Beta lactamase

Toxin:Hemolysin, Enterotoxin, Leucosidin, Fibrinolisin

Pathogenicity:*Horse : bothriomycosis

Castration epididimis infectious (similar as a infection by Actinomycosis). Gridding procces were obaine the pure of Staphylococcus

*Dairy cattle → mastitis*Sheep “tick pyemia” Ixodes ricinus as a host carier of Staphylococcus aureus growth up septicaemia/toxaemia

*Dog → pyoderma*Chicken → synovitis purulenta

*Skin disorient: bruish wound, abces, furuncle, carbuncle*Tonsilitis, pharingitis, sinusitis, meningitis,

pneumonia, abces in lung, kidney*Food poisson: diarhae and vomite (6 hour after food intake)

Diagnosthic : Lesia supuratif, faeces, food remain → gram stain & isolation in NA, MSA, BA → 37o C → colony Beta haemolytic Catalase test: hydrogen peroxide Coagulase test: plasma cavia

Therapy:

After therapy → sensitivity testBeta lactamase → The beta lactam to be disrupted by penicilline derivates groups

Drug of choice:Lincomycin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol,Vancomycin

Local: Nitrofurantoin, Fucidin, Bacitracin

Staphylococcus intermedius

normal flora : skin hair ear cavity healthy dog gingiva nasopharyngeal → pigeon

doesn't produce pigmen & acetoinmannitol fermented → slowcoagulase test → positive

STREPTOCOCCUSSherman (1937): Who’s was grouping as follow:

1. Pyogenic → pathogenic grups2. Viridans → hemolityc alpha3. Lactic → produced milk lactic acid 4. Enterococcus → similar with Streptococcus

faecalis

Brown: Who’s was grouping at 4 type → lytic erythrocyte on BA

1. Alpha haemolysis 2. Beta hemolysis3. Alpha “aksen” haemolysis 4. Gama haemolysis

Rebeca Lancefield → empowering precipitation by carbohydrate specific (“C”) as antigen

* group A strain virulent to human: Streptococcus pyogenes

* group B caused mastitis: Streptococcus agalactiae* group C strain from animal/human : hemolytic characterized : Streptococcus equisimilis, S. canis, S. equi* group D: from milk* group E: from milk but no infection to animal/human* group F: tractus respiratorius human* group G: dog’s respiratoric organ

* group HK: issolated from human respiratorius tract. but no caused infectious * group L: from dog genital tract.* group M: from dog respiratory tract. * group N: from milk: Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus cremrisBase on antigenic type:* group A protein* group B polysaccharide* group C protein* group D, E, F, and G polysaccharide

Sherman: 2 species from animal could not be attact to human: S. agalactiae & S. equi

Streptococcus pyogenes= S. septicus= S. hemolyticus= S. puerperalis

Morphology: non motile coccus, Ø at ranging 0.5 to 1,0 µm. The organism grow up by short or

moderately long chains. Gram positive, spore negative. Some strains produce a capsule of hyaluronic

acid.

Culture characterized :Media containing blood, serum or ascites material * aerobe – microaerophylic* optimum temperature 37o C* on the plate agar were see smal colony, smooth, transparent, watery , dropplet like perform* beta hemolisis

Resistance:*Die at 60o C during the 30 minute* Sensitive to desinfectant: sulfanilamide, penicilline & bacitracine

Biochemistry characterized: From glucose, lactose, sucrose & manitol were acid produce with out gas catalase, oxidase & indol negative

Toxin produce:* hemolysin (streptolisin O & streptolisin S)* leucosidin* fibrinolisin (streptokinase)* DNAse (streptodornase)* hyaluronidase* protease, amilase, esterase

Antigenic Structure:Polysaccharide C & protein (M,T, & R)

Pathogenesis:Tonsilitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, meningitis, abscess (lung, liver, kidney) → septicaemia

Bacteriologis assessment:Pharynx swab, pus, salivary, blood, brain liquid material → film preparat → Gram stain: Gram positive coccus in pairs or chains.

Smallest colony on Blood Agar (water dropplet like perform) → beta hemolisis

Streptococcus zooepidemius

= Strep. pyogenes (strain animal)= Strep. Genitalium

Toxin produce:= Strep. Pyogenes strain human,

but not producing fibrinolisin

Patogenesis:Cervicitis & metritis on horseMastitis on cattle

Streptococcus agalactiaeStreptococcus dysgalactiaeStreptococcus uberis

Morphology:Chained coccusStrep. agalactiae & Strep. dysgalactiae →

long chainedStrep. uberis → short chains

Strep. agalatiae & Strep. dysgalactiae were determine by CAMP test (Christie, Atkins & Munch-Peterson)

Pathogenesis:

* Strep. agalactiae → mastitis acute – chronic* Strep. dysgalactiae → rarrely (10%) but generaly acute* Strep. Uberis → mastitis acute – chronic* Cattle and sheep → glandula mamarica

Streptococcus equi= Streptococcus contagiosa equorum

Biochemistry characterized:Lactose non fermentedHemolysin positive

Pathogenesis:strangles/Droes

Distributed:Contact direct → via oral/inhalant

Diplococcus pneumoniae= Pneumococcus= Streptococcus pneumoniae= Diplococcus lanceolatus

• Cause pneumonia at human • Normal floura at human mouth cavity • Predispose: retaire, anorexia

Morphology:Oval performance/lancet (1 µm) pairingGram positive, capsule positive

Culture characterized:* Serum or blood esensial → alpha hemolytic* Optimum temperature 37o C, pH 7,6* Aerobic – facultative anaerobe, better added by CO

2 5 – 10 %

Biochemistry characterized:* Fermented carbohydrate → acid* catalase & oxidase negative

Resistance:* Die at 52o C during the 15 minute

Phenol, KmnO4 & antiseptic

* Sensitive by sulphonamide, optochin

Antigenic structure:* nucleoprotein* capsular antigen: polysaccharide → virulence * type bacteria with

agglutination, precipitation, & Quellung reactionToxin produce : HaemolisinPolysacharide (K antigen) → anti phagocyteLeucosidin → can destroy leucocytePathogenesis:Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis, pleuritis, peritonitis, endocarditis & arthritisTherapy:Sulphonamide & penicilline

Neisseria meningitidis= Neisseria intracellularis= Diplococcus meningitidis= Meningococcus

Morphology:Silinders perform, pairing, the facing side were flate, aerobe, Gram negative, size 0,6 – 0,8 µm

Culture characterized:Medium with serum, blood, ascites material

better added by CO2 5 – 10 %

Non hemolisisOptimum temperature 37o C, pH 7,4

Biochemistry characterized:* catalase, oxidase positive* fermented glucose, maltose → acid with out gas

Resistance:* 55o C 5 minute → die* Sensitive by dried, chance of pH and disinfectant* resistant to streptomycin

Pathogenesis:For pediatric → meningitis → high mortalityTherapy:Penicillin G, chloramphenicol

vaccination polysaccharide

Neisseria gonorrhoeae= Gonococcus

Morphology:Silinders pairing, the facing side were concave (coffee bean), Gram negative

Biochemistry characterized:fermentate glucose only → acid

Pathogenesis:* Primary host → human* Acut pus infectiuous on genital organ* cystitis, proctitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis

Therapy:Because produced beta lactamase perform, → tetracycline or erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulphametoxasol

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