Fatou Simasima_fatou@yahoo.com

Meteorologist/Head of ClimatologyDept. of Water Resources

7 Marina ParadeBanjul, The Gambia

Mobile: 00 (220) 799 38 55

Climate workshop Freetown, Sierra Leone 23-25 April 2012

Overview of presentation

Introduction

Structure of the DWR

Network of Met & Rainfall stns

Brief responsibilities of Climate staff

Objective of the workshop

Network of Gauge stations & Meteorological stations

PA’s with associated Meteorological stations

Example of most significant events

Observed extreme events at Meteorological stations associate with Pas

Comparison of model performance for Tmly & Tann

Conclusion/Suggestion

Situated, western coast of Africa, btw Lat 13 & 14o N & Long 13 & 17o W.

Occupies a land area of 10,690 square km

Surrounded by Senegal to the E, S & N & Atlantic Ocean on the W part

Within the Sahelian Region and has a soudano climate

2 seasons; dry: Nov-April, Wet: May-Oct (unimodal).

Pop: 1.5 million

Dry season: avg T’s can reach 18 to 30oC; RH 68 % along the coast & 41% inland

Wet season: avg T’s fluctuate 23 to 33oC RH 77%.

Rainfall amounts vary from 850 to 1,200 mm ( ROTG, 2003).

Fig 1: The Gambia

Introduction-Brief

Table 1: Structure of The Gambia NMHS

National Meteorological & Hydrological Services

Meteorology

Climatology

Hydrology

Central Forecast Office

Salinity Level

Surface Water Monitoring

Research & Applications

Station Network

Data verification, Validation & storage

Monitoring status of human, material & equipment at Met. stns. Data collection & downloading Met. Parameters from Automatic recorders

Analysis & Publication of Climatological report

Treatment of data requests both National & International

Meteorological observer taking weather observation

Climatological data verification

Climatological data storage (CLICOM format)

Climatological data analysis/publication

Climatological data storage (Excel format)

Fig 2: Responsibilities of climate staff-Brief

Objective of workshop

Provide us with tools that can be use to give concise Warnings to reduce the vulnerability of our Socio-economic sectors/protected areas, which are so sensitive to the negative impacts of Extreme Weather/Climate events, for the subregion.

• 10 land surface stations – 24-hour stations (2)– daylight stations (8)

• Upper air station, Marine station, Radar (0)• Autographic recorders

– Rainfall (3)– Sunshine (10)– Wind, Temperature, Humidity (0)

• Satellite Reception– Started in 1979– MSG installed & operational since June 2005 and upgraded in

2010– SADIS 2G

Numerical Weather Products

Sources of Meteorological data

Station History of the Gambia Meteorological Network & rainfall stations

* The Gambia Met services: CFO, Climate, R & A , Network* 15 Met. stations, now reduced to 10 from year 2008

No. STATION_CODE STATION-NAME BEGIN-DATE END-DATE STATION_QUALIFIER LAT- LAT- LON- LON- ELEVATIONDEGR MINU DEGR MINU (m)

1 15000200 PIRANG MFC. 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 16 16 32 72 15000500 SERREKUNDA STATION 01/01/1977 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 26 16 39 43 15000600 KAUR MET. 01/01/1984 Todate MET.STATION 13 42 15 20 114 15000800 NAUDE MFC. 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 28 14 275 15001100 N'GEYEN SANJAL MFC 01/01/1970 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 36 15 266 15001200 BASSE MET. 01/01/1949 Todate MET. STATION 13 19 14 13 47 15001400 KWINELLA MFC. 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 24 15 488 15001500 JIBANACK MFC. 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 13 16 11 99 15001600 SARE N'GAI MFC. 01/01/1974 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 29 14 50

10 15001700 JASSONG MFC 01/01/1971 31/12/1999 RAINFALL STATION 13 24 15 1811 15002400 BANSANG STATION 01/01/1951 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 26 14 4012 15002500 JAKUNDA MFC. 01/01/1974 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 29 14 1113 15002900 DANKUNKU MFC 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 34 15 18

14 15003000BANJUL HALFDIE/MARINA 01/05/1943 Todate MET.STATION 13 27 16 34 2

15 15003100 SARE SOFI MFC. 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 25 14 31 Met. closed16 15003300 KEREWAN MET. 01/07/1974 Todate MET STATION 13 30 16 6 1517 15003500 KENEBA MRC 01/05/1974 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 20 16 118 15003700 KANJIBAT MFC. 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 13 15 58 819 15003900 GEORGETOWN MET. 01/01/1949 Todate MET.STATION 13 32 14 46 120 15004000 NJA'BAKUNDA MFC 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 33 15 55 821 15004100 BAKENDICK MFC 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 27 16 27 9

22 15004300JAMBANJELLY MFC/MET. 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 17 16 44 7 Met . closed

23 15004800 MAMUDFANA MFC. 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 36 15 724 15004900 JENOI MET. 01/09/1974 Todate MET.STATION 13 28 15 34 2025 15005000 KUNTAIR MFC 01/05/1976 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 32 16 1326 15005100 SOMITA MFC. 01/01/1972 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 12 16 18 727 15005300 JALI MFC. 01/01/1974 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 21 15 58

28 15005400YUNDUM INTER AIRPORT 01/08/1945 Todate MET. STATION 13 21 16 38 33

29 15005500 YALLAL MFC./MET 01/01/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 33 15 43 Met. closed30 15005600 GIROBAKUNDA 01/01/1973 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 18 14 1131 15005800 NJAU MFC. 01/01/1971 31/12/1999 RAINFALL STATION 13 45 15 1232 15005900 SIBANOR MET. 01/01/1986 Todate MET.STATION 13 13 16 12 2133 15006000 MANKAMANG MFC. 01/01/1974 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 20 14 2634 15006200 SAPU MET. 01/01/1956 Todate MET. STATION 13 33 14 54 335 15006500 FARAFENNI MRC 01/01/1984 31/12/1999 RAINFALL STATION 13 35 15 3836 15006600 FATOTO DISP./MET. 01/01/1976 Todate MET. STATION 13 24 13 53 17.5

37 15006800KIYANG WEST MFC/MET 01/01/1978 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 21 16 9 Met. closed

38 15006900 KUNTAUR MET. 01/01/1986 Todate MET. STATION 13 40 14 53 7.2 Met. closed39 15007100 SUTUKOBA MFC 31/05/1971 Todate RAINFALL STATION 13 30 14 1

Fig 4: Network of Gauge stations (top); Network of Meteorological stations (below).

* 10 synoptic & 38 rainfalls stns

* Not associated with Pas (24 hr. stn)

No. PAs Meteorological Stations

Coordinates

1 Abuko Nature Reserve Yundum Airport Lat: 13 .350 N ; Long: 16. 630 W

2 Tanji & Bijol Islands Bird Reserve Yundum Airport Lat: 13 .350 N; Long: 16. 630 W

3 Tanbi Wetland National Park Banjul Lat: 13 .450 N; Long: 16. 570 W

4 Nuimi National Park Banjul Lat: 13 .450 N; Long: 16. 570 W

5 Baobolong Wetland Reserve Kerewan Lat: 13 .50 N; Long: 16. 10 W

6 River Gambia National Park Sapu Lat: 13 .550 N; Long: 14. 90 W

7 Kiang-West National Park Jenoi

Kerewan

Lat: 13.470 N; Long: 15. 570 W

Lat: 13 .50 N; Long: 16. 10 W

Table 2: PAs with associated Meteorological stations

Some Observed significant Climate eventsFig 5: Yundum Airport, WR ; Lat: 130 35N, Long: 160 63W ; Alt 33m

Fig 6: Temperatures (0C)

Fig 7: COOL DAYS & NIGHTS (10p)

Fig 8: WARM DAYS & NIGHTS (90p)

Fig 9: RR events_Basse, URR; Lat: 130 32N, Long: 140 22W, Alt 4m

Fig 10: Temperatures (0C)

Fig 11: COOL DAYS & NIGHTS (10p)

Fig 12: WARM DAYS & NIGHTS (90p)

Banjul Yundum-Airport Jenoi

Kerewan Sapu

flood DroughtDrought

flood

Drought Droughtflood flood

Fig 13: Observed significant events at Meteorological stations associate with PAs

flood Drought

0

0.5

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1.5

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2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2075 2080 2090 2100

CCCM

BMRC98

GFDL90

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

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R

AP

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MA

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PT

OC

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Tem

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ture

s (

0 C)

1951 - 2005 BMRC 98 CCC199

GFDL90 HAD295 HAD300

Fig 15: Except for the BMRC Model other models show that warming of the atmosphere will be almost the same as current climate. The BMRC model shows that temperatures will increase by about 5oC above current climate.

Figure 14. Model Projections for monthly mean temperatures (0C) for The Gambia to 2100

Comparison of model performance for mly & annual Tmean (0C) to 2100 for the Gambia

Figure 15. Model Projections for annual mean temperatures (0C) for The Gambia to 2100

Fig 14: All the 3 models used in the Study show increase in

temperature of about 0.5 in 2010 to about 3.0 to 4.0oC by 2100.

The BMRC Model shows the largest increase of about 40C.

Conclusion/suggestion

RR important b4 1968 and after 1968.

Warm T’s Days & Nights; (warming ); Cool days & Nights ( cooling ) as the years progressed.

Model performance also show in T’s

Onset season length decreases in recent normal.

Believe this workshop will assist in enhancing our Weather/ Climate Bulletins, since the tools used will provide us with many relevant products.

Good networking is essential so as to share results with fellow participants from adjacent countries. This will enable us study and note any important TRENDs of interest.

• PRECIS: Started monitoring rainfall using the models provided by the Hadley centre. Stopped working due to long hours of Power breakdown while PRECIS is working.

PRECIS started, but its indicates no experiments done.

• Among my ambition today, is to generate and provide PRECIS products for the Gambia and even beyond. need more training on PRECIS inorder to acquire better usage & understanding. This will definitely help in addressing climate change challenges especially for developing countries.

THANK YOU

MERCI

OBRIGADO

SUKRAN