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Chapter 30 Mammals

Section 1: Mammalian Characteristics

Section 2: Diversity of Mammals

Hair and Mammary Glands

Two characteristics that distinguish members of class Mammalia from other vertebrate animals are hair and mammary glands.

30.1 Mammalian Characteristics

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Functions of Hair

1. Insulation

Mammals

2. Camouflage

3. Sensory devices

4. Waterproofing

5. Signaling

6. Defense

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Other Characteristics

Endothermy

Mammals

Source of body heat is internal.

Heat is produced by a high metabolic rate.

Body temperature is regulated by internal feedback mechanisms.

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Feeding and Digestion

Daily intake of food is used to generate heat to maintain a constant body temperature.

Mammals

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Trophic Categories

1. Insectivores

Mammals

2. Herbivores

3. Carnivores

4. Omnivores

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Teeth

Reveal the life habits of a mammal

Mammals

Carnivores use canines to stab and premolars to slice and shear meat.

Incisors of insectivores are long and curved, functioning as pincers in seizing insect prey.

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Excretion

Kidneys excrete or retain the proper amount of water in body fluids.

Mammals

Enables mammals to live in extreme environments

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Mammals

Respiration

High levels of oxygen are required to maintain a high level of metabolism.

Mammals

Mammals are the only animals that have a diaphragm.

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Circulation

Mammals require a consistent supply of nutrients and oxygen to maintain homeostasis.

Mammals

Keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate makes the delivery of nutrients and oxygen more efficient.

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The Brain and Senses Mammals have highly developed brains.

Mammals

Cerebral cortex is responsible for coordinating conscious activities, memory, and the ability to learn.

Cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordinating movement.

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Complex Behavior

Senses

Mammals

The importance of the senses varies from one group of mammals to the next.

Glands A system of glands secretes a variety of

fluids that helps to regulate a mammal’s internal environment.

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Reproduction

In mammals, the egg is fertilized internally.

Mammals

Development of the embryo takes place in the female uterus.

Movement

Mammals must find food, shelter, and escape from predators.

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Mammal Classification

Monotremes

30.2 Diversity of Mammals

Mammals

Marsupials

Placental mammals

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Mammals

Monotremes

Reproduce by laying eggs

Duck-billed platypus

EchidnaEchidna

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Marsupials

Very short period of development in the uterus

Mammals

Crawl into a pouch made of skin and hair and continue development while being nourished by milk from the mother’s mammary glands

Kangaroo

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Placental Mammals

Give birth to young that do not need further development within a pouch

Mammals

Represented by 18 orders

Shrew

Humpback whale

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Evolution of Mammals

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Therapsids

A therapsid is an extinct vertebrate with both mammalian and reptilian features.

Mammals

Pair of holes in the roof of the skull that allowed for the attachment of jaw muscles

Limbs positioned beneath their bodies

Might have been endotherms

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Mammals

Chapter Resource Menu

Chapter Diagnostic Questions

Formative Test Questions

Chapter Assessment Questions

Standardized Test Practice

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Chapter 30

1. A2. B3. C4. D

CDQ 1

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Name the term that refers to a mammal’s ability to produce heat internally.

A. endoderm

B. endothermy

C. ectoderm

D. ectothermy

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Chapter Diagnostic Questions

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1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Mammals

Chapter Diagnostic Questions

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What classification of mammals reproduces by laying eggs?

A. marsupial

B. placental mammal

C. monotreme

D. therapsid

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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A mammal’s period of gestation refers to what?

A. amount of time the young stays with its herd

B. amount of time the young stays in the uterus

C. amount of time the young drinks its mother’s milk

D. amount of time for the young to mature enough to reproduce

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Which characteristics distinguish mammals from other vertebrates?

A. kidneys and a cloacaB. mammary glands

and hairC. a high metabolic

rate and limbsD. a four-chambered

heart and endothermy

30.1 Formative Questions

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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30.1 Formative Questions

What is the tough, fibrous protein that makes up hair, nails, claws, and hooves?

A. urea

B. keratin

C. cellulose

D. collagen

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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30.1 Formative Questions

What is the source of body heat for mammals?

A. hibernation

B. insulation

C. metabolism

D. respiration

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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30.1 Formative Questions

Which part of the brain is more highly developed in mammals than in otheranimals?

A. cerebrum

B. hypothalamus

C. medulla

D. optic lobe

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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30.1 Formative Questions

What is a group of cells that secretes fluid to be used elsewhere in the body?

A. a bladder

B. a duct

C. a gland

D. an organ

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Which mammals have reptilian features, such as laying eggs?

A. cetaceans

B. marsupials

C. monotremes

D. sirenians

30.2 Formative Questions

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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30.2 Formative Questions

Which mammals use their two pairs of razor-sharp incisor teeth to gnaw through wood, seed pods, or shells to get food?

A. artiodactyls

B. insectivores

C. lagomorphs

D. rodents

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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30.2 Formative Questions

Which animals are cetaceans?

A. deer and goats

B. moles and shrews

C. dolphins and whales

D. manatees and dugongs

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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30.2 Formative Questions

Why did mammals undergo extraordinary adaptations to the environment after the disappearance of dinosaurs?

A. They had new niches available to them.

B. They were able to survive the ice age.

C. They were no longer prey to dinosaurs.

D. They no longer competed with dinosaurs.

1. A2. B

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The graph shows that large animals such as elephants have a high metabolic rate.

A. TrueB. False

Chapter Assessment Questions

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Chapter Assessment Questions

Select the mammal that is a member of the order Chiroptera.

A. hedgehog

B. ape

C. anteater

D. bat

Compare the digestive tracts of the deer and the fox. Infer why the deer’s digestive tract is so much longer.

Answer: It takes longer and is more difficultto digest plant material than meat.

Mammals

Chapter Assessment Questions

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CAQ 3

1. A2. B

STP 1

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Which animal eats the least amount of food as a percentage of its body mass?

A. elephant

B. shrew

Standardized Test Practice

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Standardized Test Practice

A. Its body loses heat quickly.

B. It has a short digestive tract.

C. It carries out complex behavior.

D. It produces milk for its offspring.

Why is a high metabolic rate necessary for the shrew’s survival?

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Standardized Test Practice

How does a herbivore’s digestive tract compare to the digestive tract of this carnivore? An herbivore will have…

A. a shorter digestive tract and a smaller cecum.

B. a shorter digestive tract and a larger cecum.

C. a longer digestive tract and a larger cecum.

D. a longer digestive tract and a smaller cecum.

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Standardized Test Practice

How do ruminants benefit from havingbacteria in their stomachs?

A. They can be omnivorous.

B. They can digest meat.

C. They can filter urea.

D. They can process cellulose.

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Standardized Test Practice

Which teeth are more highly developed in a mountain lion?

A. canines

B. incisors

C. molars

D. premolars

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Standardized Test Practice

What is believed to have caused the isolation of marsupials’ ancestors to Australia and nearby islands?

A. adaptive radiation

B. continental drift

C. habitat destruction

D. reproductive isolation

1. A2. B3. C4. D

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Standardized Test Practice

What competitive adaptive advantage do placental mammals have over marsupials?

A. a more highly developed

digestive systemB. a pair of holes in the

roof of the skullC. limbs positioned

beneath their bodiesD. more highly evolved

social behavior

Glencoe Biology Transparencies

MammalsChapter 30

Image Bank

MammalsChapter 30

mammary gland

diaphragm

cerebral cortex

cerebellum

gland

uterus

placenta

gestation

Mammals

Vocabulary

Section 1

Chapter 30

monotreme

marsupial

placental mammal

therapsid

Mammals

Vocabulary

Section 2

Chapter 30

Mammals

Animation

Chapter 30

Visualizing the Digestive Systems of

Mammals

MammalsChapter 30