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Chapter 30 Mammals
Section 1: Mammalian Characteristics
Section 2: Diversity of Mammals
Hair and Mammary Glands
Two characteristics that distinguish members of class Mammalia from other vertebrate animals are hair and mammary glands.
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
MammalsChapter 30
MammalsChapter 30
Functions of Hair
1. Insulation
Mammals
2. Camouflage
3. Sensory devices
4. Waterproofing
5. Signaling
6. Defense
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Other Characteristics
Endothermy
Mammals
Source of body heat is internal.
Heat is produced by a high metabolic rate.
Body temperature is regulated by internal feedback mechanisms.
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Feeding and Digestion
Daily intake of food is used to generate heat to maintain a constant body temperature.
Mammals
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Trophic Categories
1. Insectivores
Mammals
2. Herbivores
3. Carnivores
4. Omnivores
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Teeth
Reveal the life habits of a mammal
Mammals
Carnivores use canines to stab and premolars to slice and shear meat.
Incisors of insectivores are long and curved, functioning as pincers in seizing insect prey.
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Excretion
Kidneys excrete or retain the proper amount of water in body fluids.
Mammals
Enables mammals to live in extreme environments
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
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Mammals
Respiration
High levels of oxygen are required to maintain a high level of metabolism.
Mammals
Mammals are the only animals that have a diaphragm.
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Circulation
Mammals require a consistent supply of nutrients and oxygen to maintain homeostasis.
Mammals
Keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate makes the delivery of nutrients and oxygen more efficient.
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The Brain and Senses Mammals have highly developed brains.
Mammals
Cerebral cortex is responsible for coordinating conscious activities, memory, and the ability to learn.
Cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordinating movement.
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Complex Behavior
Senses
Mammals
The importance of the senses varies from one group of mammals to the next.
Glands A system of glands secretes a variety of
fluids that helps to regulate a mammal’s internal environment.
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Reproduction
In mammals, the egg is fertilized internally.
Mammals
Development of the embryo takes place in the female uterus.
Movement
Mammals must find food, shelter, and escape from predators.
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Mammal Classification
Monotremes
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Mammals
Marsupials
Placental mammals
Chapter 30
Mammals
Monotremes
Reproduce by laying eggs
Duck-billed platypus
EchidnaEchidna
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Marsupials
Very short period of development in the uterus
Mammals
Crawl into a pouch made of skin and hair and continue development while being nourished by milk from the mother’s mammary glands
Kangaroo
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Placental Mammals
Give birth to young that do not need further development within a pouch
Mammals
Represented by 18 orders
Shrew
Humpback whale
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Evolution of Mammals
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Therapsids
A therapsid is an extinct vertebrate with both mammalian and reptilian features.
Mammals
Pair of holes in the roof of the skull that allowed for the attachment of jaw muscles
Limbs positioned beneath their bodies
Might have been endotherms
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Mammals
Chapter Resource Menu
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Formative Test Questions
Chapter Assessment Questions
Standardized Test Practice
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Chapter 30
1. A2. B3. C4. D
CDQ 1
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Name the term that refers to a mammal’s ability to produce heat internally.
A. endoderm
B. endothermy
C. ectoderm
D. ectothermy
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Chapter Diagnostic Questions
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1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Chapter Diagnostic Questions
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What classification of mammals reproduces by laying eggs?
A. marsupial
B. placental mammal
C. monotreme
D. therapsid
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Chapter Diagnostic Questions
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A mammal’s period of gestation refers to what?
A. amount of time the young stays with its herd
B. amount of time the young stays in the uterus
C. amount of time the young drinks its mother’s milk
D. amount of time for the young to mature enough to reproduce
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Which characteristics distinguish mammals from other vertebrates?
A. kidneys and a cloacaB. mammary glands
and hairC. a high metabolic
rate and limbsD. a four-chambered
heart and endothermy
30.1 Formative Questions
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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30.1 Formative Questions
What is the tough, fibrous protein that makes up hair, nails, claws, and hooves?
A. urea
B. keratin
C. cellulose
D. collagen
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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30.1 Formative Questions
What is the source of body heat for mammals?
A. hibernation
B. insulation
C. metabolism
D. respiration
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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30.1 Formative Questions
Which part of the brain is more highly developed in mammals than in otheranimals?
A. cerebrum
B. hypothalamus
C. medulla
D. optic lobe
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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30.1 Formative Questions
What is a group of cells that secretes fluid to be used elsewhere in the body?
A. a bladder
B. a duct
C. a gland
D. an organ
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Which mammals have reptilian features, such as laying eggs?
A. cetaceans
B. marsupials
C. monotremes
D. sirenians
30.2 Formative Questions
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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30.2 Formative Questions
Which mammals use their two pairs of razor-sharp incisor teeth to gnaw through wood, seed pods, or shells to get food?
A. artiodactyls
B. insectivores
C. lagomorphs
D. rodents
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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30.2 Formative Questions
Which animals are cetaceans?
A. deer and goats
B. moles and shrews
C. dolphins and whales
D. manatees and dugongs
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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30.2 Formative Questions
Why did mammals undergo extraordinary adaptations to the environment after the disappearance of dinosaurs?
A. They had new niches available to them.
B. They were able to survive the ice age.
C. They were no longer prey to dinosaurs.
D. They no longer competed with dinosaurs.
1. A2. B
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The graph shows that large animals such as elephants have a high metabolic rate.
A. TrueB. False
Chapter Assessment Questions
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Chapter Assessment Questions
Select the mammal that is a member of the order Chiroptera.
A. hedgehog
B. ape
C. anteater
D. bat
Compare the digestive tracts of the deer and the fox. Infer why the deer’s digestive tract is so much longer.
Answer: It takes longer and is more difficultto digest plant material than meat.
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Chapter Assessment Questions
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CAQ 3
1. A2. B
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Which animal eats the least amount of food as a percentage of its body mass?
A. elephant
B. shrew
Standardized Test Practice
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Standardized Test Practice
A. Its body loses heat quickly.
B. It has a short digestive tract.
C. It carries out complex behavior.
D. It produces milk for its offspring.
Why is a high metabolic rate necessary for the shrew’s survival?
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Standardized Test Practice
How does a herbivore’s digestive tract compare to the digestive tract of this carnivore? An herbivore will have…
A. a shorter digestive tract and a smaller cecum.
B. a shorter digestive tract and a larger cecum.
C. a longer digestive tract and a larger cecum.
D. a longer digestive tract and a smaller cecum.
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Standardized Test Practice
How do ruminants benefit from havingbacteria in their stomachs?
A. They can be omnivorous.
B. They can digest meat.
C. They can filter urea.
D. They can process cellulose.
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Standardized Test Practice
Which teeth are more highly developed in a mountain lion?
A. canines
B. incisors
C. molars
D. premolars
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Standardized Test Practice
What is believed to have caused the isolation of marsupials’ ancestors to Australia and nearby islands?
A. adaptive radiation
B. continental drift
C. habitat destruction
D. reproductive isolation
1. A2. B3. C4. D
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Standardized Test Practice
What competitive adaptive advantage do placental mammals have over marsupials?
A. a more highly developed
digestive systemB. a pair of holes in the
roof of the skullC. limbs positioned
beneath their bodiesD. more highly evolved
social behavior
Glencoe Biology Transparencies
MammalsChapter 30
Image Bank
MammalsChapter 30
mammary gland
diaphragm
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
gland
uterus
placenta
gestation
Mammals
Vocabulary
Section 1
Chapter 30
monotreme
marsupial
placental mammal
therapsid
Mammals
Vocabulary
Section 2
Chapter 30
Mammals
Animation
Chapter 30
Visualizing the Digestive Systems of
Mammals
MammalsChapter 30