chris hose [email protected] geoff mcmillen [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction
We’ll discuss:
•Satellite orbits
•The satellite network filing and coordination process
Satellite Basics, Filing & Coordination
•Satellite services
Orbit Types
GSO
Geostationary Satellite Orbit
NGSO
Non Geostationary Satellite Orbit
Satellite Orbits
GSO
GSO: Geostationary Satellite Orbit
•The most common orbit used for communications satellites.
•Orbit located at an altitude of approximately 36 000 km above the equator.
•Position defined by its orbital (equatorial) longitude.
•Satellites appear stationary to an Earth bound observer.
Orbital Types
GSO orbit
GEO 36,0000km
Orbital Types
NGSO
NGSO: Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit
•NGSO satellites almost always orbit closer to the Earth than GSO satellites.
•NGSO’s orbit with varying velocities dependent on the orbit height.
•LEO: Low Earth Orbit
•MEO: Medium Earth Orbit
•HEO: Highly Elliptical Orbit
•Can be broken down into sub-categories:
Orbital Types
MEO 10,000km
LEO 1,000km
HEO
500 to 30,000 km
NGSO Orbit Types
Orbital Types
OrbitTypes
MEO 10,000km
LEO 1,000kmHEO
500 to 30,000 km
GEO 36,0000km
Orbital Types
FSS -- Fixed-Satellite Service
BSS -- Broadcasting-Satellite Service
MSS -- Mobile-Satellite Service
Most Satellite Coordination issues involve:
Satellite Services
RNSS - Radio Navigation Satellite Service
EESS - Earth Exploration-Satellite Service
SOS - Space Operation Service
Other services include:
RAS - Radio Astronomy Service
ISS - Inter-Satellite Service
Satellite Services
Network Filing and Coordination
How do we coordinate?•Through the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) satellite network filing and coordination process.
What is coordination?•An international (national) process of negotiation between administrations (operators) that enables mutually acceptable use of the orbital/spectrum resource.
Why do we coordinate?•The orbital/spectrum resource is finite.
•Required under international conventions to give all nations equitable access to the orbital/spectrum resource.
TRANSMITTINGEARTH STATION
RECEIVINGEARTH STATION
INTERFERENCE
TERRESTRIAL STATION
GSO SATELLITES
Non-GSO SATELLITES
Network Filing and Coordination
Network Filing and Coordination
Difference between a satellite network and a satellite.
Satellite Network
•The regulatory entity (filing) that is filed and coordinated through the ITU.
Satellite
•The actual satellite that is launched and operated.
A single physical satellite can operate under multiple network filings.
For example:
OPTUS C1 satellite to be launched at 156E
•AUSSAT C 156E FSS - Optus commercial payload
•AUSSAT C 156E GOV - ADF payload
•Can simplify coordination.
•Allows different operators to coordinate their own payload (as above).
Network Filing and Coordination
Why have multiple filings on the one satellite?
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
BR
Radiocommunication Bureau
Filing/Coordination procedure defined in:
•Radio Regulations
•Rules of Procedure
•Circulars
•etc.
Network Filing and Coordination
Two mechanisms of access to orbit / spectrum:
Coordination ApproachEfficient use
First come, first served for actual requirements
Planning ApproachEquitable access Plan for future use
International Goals• The aim is to provide (amongst other things) for equitable and efficient access to the spectrum/orbit resource
Coordination Procedure“First Come, First Served”
• Right is acquired through coordination with administrations concerned by actual usage
• Efficient spectrum / orbit management
• Also referred to as the ‘unplanned bands’
• Most widely used procedure for gaining access to the spectrum/orbit resource
Plan Procedure
• Guarantee for equitable access to the spectrum / orbital resources
– Spectrum set aside for future use by all countries
– Predetermined orbital position & frequency spectrum
• Plans exist for both BSS and FSS
• Generally less widely implemented than the unplanned bands.
1. Advance Publication Information - API
2. Coordination Request - ‘C Notice’
3. Notification
*A different process applies for the Planned Bands.
BR Filing Process (Unplanned bands*):
Network Filing and Coordination
• Statement of intent to launch a space station– Sets a reference starting date for a
satellite
– No priority in being first to advance publish
1. Advance Publication Information - APIBR Filing Process
Network Filing and Coordination
• Operational parameters of network for proposed operation
– Used by administration to negotiate with other administrations.
– Determines precedence in unplanned bands.
2. Coordination Request - ‘C Notice’BR Filing Process
Network Filing and Coordination
3. Notification
• Final step• Recording of final operational
parameters in the Master Register
BR Filing Process
Network Filing and Coordination
BR Filing Process:
Network Filing and Coordination
Advance Publication Information
API
Coordination Request
CR or “C Notice”
Date of Bring Into Use
DBIU
Notification Information
Notification
>6 months
<2 years
>2 years
<7 years
