CHORDATA(an organism who has or had a notochord at least once in their

life)

Ectothermic – body temperature is controlled by the outside environment

Gills

Fins

Scales

• Three classes:

• JAWLESS FISH– Notochord (underdeveloped spine)– No jaws– Cartilage skeleton– Smooth slimy skin– Ex. Lamprey

• CARTILAGINOUS– Has jaws– Cartilage skeleton– Denticles – sharp tiny scales that can be

found on any

cartilaginous fish.– Oily liver

(helps to stay afloat)

• BONY FISH– Bones for a skeleton– Swim bladder – an organ in a bony fish that

controls buoyancy– Lateral line – a sense organ that picks up on

vibrations and pressure in the water and helps a fish with balance and navigation.

– Ray finned

• Ectothermic

• Smooth moist skin

• Double lifeMETAMORPHOSIS – When an organism goes

through a series of stages dramatically changing how it looks.

• Three types

– CAECILIANS• No legs• Looks like a worm or

a snake• Some are blind• Some have bony

scales

• SALAMANDERS– Tail– Four strong legs– Found under logs

or in damp woods

• FROGS AND TOADS– Both have sticky tongue attached at the front of the

mouth– Frogs

• Smooth moist skin• Jump and spend more

time in the water

– Toads• Drier bumpier skin• walk

• ECTOTHERMIC

• AMNIOTIC EGG– A hard shell holding young that provides nutrients and allows reptiles to live on land

• DRY SCALY SKIN

• TURTLES and TORTISES– Turtles live in water some of the time (flippers

or webbed feet)– Tortises live on land and have claws – Both have a shell that is the backbone

• CROCODILES and ALLIGATORS– Carnivores– Eyes and nostrils on top of head– Care for eggs and young– Crocks – narrow pointed snout– Alligators – broad rounded

snout

• LIZARDS

– 4 legs

– Carnivores

– Warm habitat

• SNAKES– Deserts to swamps– No legs, no eyelids, no ears– One lung– Jaw can separate

• TUATARA– Ancient – hasn’t changed much in 225 million

years – called a living fossil– Like cooler weather, live in New Zealand– Not lizards

– Special teeth arrangement (one bottom row fits into two rows on the top)

– Mate differently than lizards– Gland beneath skin on head that is a third eye

» Used to get UV rays during first few months of life, then it covers with scales

• ENDOTHERMIC – body temperature is controlled and regulated within the body

• HOLLOW BONES• AMNIOTIC EGG

• FEATHERS– Contour feathers – outer layer that helps with

flight and protects down feathers (water resistant with oil)

– Down feathers – under contour feathers that are used for insulation

• FLIGHTLESS– Penguin (flippers)– Ostrich – can reach 40 mph

• WATER– Webbed feet– Ducks, geese

• BIRDS OF PREY– Sharp claws– Pointed sharp beaks– Meat eaters

Hawk, Eagle, Owl

• PERCHING– Robins, Blue Jays, etc– Claws for clamping onto

branches• Prevents from falling off

• ENDOTHERMIC

• FUR OR HAIR

• MAMMARY GLANDS– Glands that produce milk for the young

• MONOTREMES– Lays leather shelled eggs– Licks milk from skin– Platypus and Echidna

• MARSUPIALS OPOSSUM

– Pouch– Babies are born twice, into the pouch after a

few weeks very underdeveloped and then out of the pouch after several months

Kangaroo Koala

Wombat

• PLACENTAL– Embryo develops in the uterus of the mother– Placenta provides nutrients