Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata

The chordatesThe chordates

Five Chordate HallmarksFive Chordate Hallmarks

Notochord – flexible rodlike structure; Notochord – flexible rodlike structure; extending length of bodyextending length of body

Five Chordate HallmarksFive Chordate Hallmarks

Dorsal tubular nerve cordDorsal tubular nerve cord

Five Chordate HallmarksFive Chordate Hallmarks

Pharyngeal pouches and gill slitsPharyngeal pouches and gill slits

Five Chordate HallmarksFive Chordate Hallmarks

Endostyle or thyroid gland – secretes mucous Endostyle or thyroid gland – secretes mucous that traps food particles in pharyngeal cavitythat traps food particles in pharyngeal cavity

Five Chordate HallmarksFive Chordate Hallmarks

Postanal tail – tail extends beyond anusPostanal tail – tail extends beyond anus

Sixth Chordate FeatureSixth Chordate Feature

Ventral Heart – heart located ventrally Ventral Heart – heart located ventrally

Higher Classification of ChordataHigher Classification of Chordata

Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata – tunicates, sea Subphylum Urochordata – tunicates, sea squirtssquirts

SubphylumSubphylum Cephalachordata – lanceletsCephalachordata – lancelets

Subphlum Vertebrata- vertebratesSubphlum Vertebrata- vertebrates

Subphylum UrochordataSubphylum Urochordata

Sea Squirts or TunicatesSea Squirts or Tunicates

Urochordate CharacteristicsUrochordate Characteristics

Have a non-living tunicHave a non-living tunic Most chordate features found in the free Most chordate features found in the free

living acidian larvaliving acidian larva Adults sessile filter feedersAdults sessile filter feeders

Acidean Larva and MetamorphosisAcidean Larva and Metamorphosis

Adult UrochordateAdult Urochordate

Subphylum Subphylum CephalochordataCephalochordata

LanceletsLancelets

Cephalochordate CharacteristicsCephalochordate Characteristics

Notochord and nerve cord found along entire length of body, persists throughout life

Fish-like in form

Includes the lancelets (amphioxus)

AmphioxusAmphioxus

Subphylum VertebrataSubphylum Vertebrata

The VertebratesThe Vertebrates

Vertebrate CharacteristicsVertebrate Characteristics

Bony or cartilaginous vertebrae surrounding spinal cord

Notochord only in embryonic stages, persisting in some fishes

Two superclasses according to presence of jaws

Vertebrate Higher ClassificationVertebrate Higher Classification Superclass Agnatha - without jawsSuperclass Agnatha - without jaws

Class Myxini – hagfishesClass Myxini – hagfishes Class Cephalaspidomorphi – lampreysClass Cephalaspidomorphi – lampreys

Superclass Gnathostomata – with jawsSuperclass Gnathostomata – with jaws Class Chondrichthyes – sharks, rays, chimaerasClass Chondrichthyes – sharks, rays, chimaeras Class Actinopterygii – ray-finned fishesClass Actinopterygii – ray-finned fishes Class Sarcopterygii – lobe-fin fishesClass Sarcopterygii – lobe-fin fishes Class Amphibia – frogs, salamandersClass Amphibia – frogs, salamanders Class Reptilia – snakes, lizards, crocodilesClass Reptilia – snakes, lizards, crocodiles Class Aves - birdsClass Aves - birds Class Mammalia - mammalsClass Mammalia - mammals