chordate characteristics 2016
TRANSCRIPT
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ex. Humans, cats, horses, fish, frogs…only about 5% of known species
Phylum Chordata
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Characteristics of Phylum Chordata:• Have a notochord = a stiff
rod of cartilage running down the back of the animal. – Later the notochord is
replaced by the backbone.
• Hollow dorsal nerve tube
• Gill slits (pharyngeal slits)
• Tail that extends past the anus.
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Post-anal tail
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Phylum ChordataSubphylum HemichordataSubphylum UrochordataSubphylum CephalochordataSubphylum Vertebrata
Class Agnatha
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Osteichthyes
Class Amphibia
Class Reptilia
Class Aves
Class Mammalia Order Placentals
Order Monotremes
Order Marsupials
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Subphylum HemichordataThe “Half Chordates”
• All are marine worm-like animals
• Adults are benthic – live on the sea floor
• Smallest species are only a few mm long and the largest, Balanoglossus gigas, can reach lengths of 1.5m
• Tripartite (3 section) body plan– protostome– collar– trunk
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Subphylum Urochordata: ex) Tunicates• “Sea Squirts”• Spend most of their
lives attached to docks, rocks or the underside of boats
• Firm flexible body covering called a tunic composed of a substance that is similar to cellulose
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Subphylum Cephalochordata: ex) Amphioxus
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AMPHIOXUS or LANCELETAMPHIOXUS or LANCELET
LARVAELARVAE
ADULTADULT
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Amphioxus• From Greek for “both [ends] pointed”, aka lancelets• Small, eel-like animals that spend much their time buried
in the sand• Have over 100 pharyngeal slits or gill slits which are
used to strain food particles out of the water• Are eaten by humans or domestic animals and are
commercially harvested for food in some parts of Asia
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Subphylum Vertebrata Characteristics:• Bilateral symmetry
• Coelom
• Have vertebrae = hollow, cartilaginous or bony structures that surrounds & protects the dorsal nerve cord
• Endoskeleton
• Large brain protected by a skull
• Complex heart, closed circulatory system
• 1 or 2 pairs of appendages
• Gills or lungs for breathing
• Special outer covering = “skin” (fur, scales, fat, hair….)
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Ecological roles of vertebrates:• Food source
• Control animal and plant populations
• Pollinators (birds, bats)
• Seed dispersal
• Aerate soil (moles, squirrels)
• Create ponds - beavers
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There are 7 classes of vertebrates:
• Class Agnatha
• Class Chondrichthyes
• Class Osteichthyes
• Class Amphibia
• Class Reptilia
• Class Aves
• Class Mammalia
**DO NOT COPY**
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The Shape of Life
• Bones, Brains and Brawn: http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1ft0rl_pbs-the-shape-of-life-8-of-8-bones-brawn-and-brains_tv