China Elevator Association Seminar

2015-07-08_09

CEN/TC 10 (Esfandiar Gharibaan)

International trends in codes and standardsAffecting high speed lifts

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International standardization trends Background

• Every lift must comply with the relevant National codes and standards

– before putting into service

– to remain in operation during its life time

• National standards

– developed by the National standards body, or

– adoption of the International standards

• International standards

– reflect the currently available state of the art

– harmonize safety and technical requirements

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International standardization trends Background

• Developed by CEN, CENELEC, ISO, IEC– participation and approval of the National

standards bodies, e.g. SAC, ASME, BSI, DIN

• 16,000 CEN and 15,000 ISO standards in use

• 76 specific standards for lifts and escalators

• > 500 International standards may be applicable for lifts and escalators, covering

– electrical and mechanical design– material selection– reliability and quality– testing methods and verification

Specific needs of high speed lifts (and tall buildings)

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International standardization trends High speed lifts/tall buildings

• High speed lifts present specific challenges

– need for detailed traffic planning

– possible use of lifts for evacuation of the building

– higher specification for noise and ride comfort

– building design issues

• building sway

• piston effect in the lift well (lift car pushing the air)

• stack effect (difference in air density in the height of the building)

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International standardization trends High speed lifts/tall buildings

• Current International safety standards for lifts impose no limitation of speed or travel height

• Several standards address the challenges for high speed lifts (tall buildings)

• However, current standardization trends may have an impact on the high speed lifts

Standardisation trendsSafety

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Standardization trends: SafetyContinuous update

• Continuous update of safety requirements, from

– experience shared from around the world

– safety of passengers and workers

– life cycle of the lift, including maintenance

– change in safety concepts and lower tolerance for risks

– systematic evaluation of the potential risks, for example using ISO 14798 standard

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Standardization trends: Safety Recent changes

• Examples of safety related changes EN 81-20/-50

– higher strength of the landing and car doors

– preventing car door striking the passengers

– preventing fall into the lift well due to self-rescue

– preventing fall into the lift well when unlocking the landing door

– easier access to the car components from the pit

– improved access to pit and other working areas

Standardisation trendsHarmonisation of safety requirements

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Standardization trends: Harmonization of safetyCooperation of standardization organizations

• Cooperation CEN, SAC, ISO, ASME and JISC

– collect experience and needs around the world

– achieve common understanding of the safety risks

– agree on common solutions to remove the risks

– agree on common safety requirements

– achieve higher level of harmonization of the safety requirements around the world

– improving safety for all

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Standardization trends: Harmonization of safety Close cooperation SAC/TC 196 and CE/TC 10

• Close cooperation SAC/TC 196 and CEN/TC 10

– Technical exchange since early 2000s

– Cooperation agreement signed in 2005

– Regular technical exchange meetings

– Partnership in developing EN 81-20/-50

– Close cooperation in developing other standards

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Standardization trends: Harmonization of safety Cooperation agreement SAC/TC 196 and CEN/TC 10

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Standardization trends: Harmonization of safety Use of EN 81-1 (EN 81-20/-50) around the world

• EN 81-20/-50: example of safety harmonization

• EN 81-20: result of revision of EN 81-1

• Use of EN 81-1 in countries around the world

– adopted as identical national standards, or

– used as the basis for national standards but with some national differences, or

– the “basic” requirements for the national standards, or

– accepted beside other international standards

• Result of effort from experts all around the world

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Standardization trends: Harmonization of safety Use of EN 81-1 (EN 81-20/-50) around the world

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Standardization trends: Harmonization of safety Next step

• EN 81-20/-50 to become EN ISO standards

– ISO is in process adopting EN 81-20/-50

– ISO standards will be identical to EN 81-20/-50

– Expected publication: December 2017

A giant step in harmonization of safety requirements around the world

Adoption by ISO as identical standards

Standardisation trendsEvacuation using lifts

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Standardization trends: Evacuation using lifts Growing need

• Since year 2000

– 3-4 time more buildings with 200m height

– nearly 100 buildings are added every year

• Lifts made easy access for all

– including persons with disability

• In emergency, 80% of a tall building occupants

– prefer using lifts to exit the building

• Evacuation of a building with 10000 occupants

– may take > 2 hours using stairs, or

– ~30 minutes with properly planned lifts

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Standardization trends: Evacuation using lifts Standards for lifts

• ISO TS 18870:2014

– lifts used to assist in building evacuation

– for all occupants

– with automatic control

• CEN/TS 81-76:2011

– evacuation of disabled persons using lifts

– for disabled persons

– assisted evacuation

• ASME A17.1:2013

– Occupant Evacuation Operation (OEO)

– for all occupants

– with automatic control

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Standardization trends: Other fire related issuesStandards for lifts

• EN 81-58:2003

– fire resistance test of the landing doors

– based on tracer gas principles

– being revised and updated

• ISO 3008-2:2014

– fire resistance test of the landing doors

– same principles as EN 81-80

– fire rating classification to be added in the near future

• EN 81-72:2015

– firefighters lift

– updated and published in 2015

Standardisation trendsEnergy efficiency

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Standardization trends: Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency for buildings

• Buildings consume 40% of total energy in the world

• Introduction of national energy efficiency regulations for buildings and products

• Introduction of initiatives for energy performance of buildings

– such as: LEED, BREEAM, ENERGY STAR

• Lifts consume 5-8% of the energy in a building

• Energy performance of systems in buildings is improving rapidly

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Standardization trends: Energy efficiencyNew standards for lifts

• ISO 25745-1:2012

– Energy measurement and verification for lifts and escalators

• ISO 25745-2:2015

– Energy calculation and classification for lifts

• ISO 25745-3:2015

– Energy calculation and classification for escalators

• ISO 25745 series of standards

– are being adopted by countries around the world

– are being referenced in several national regulations

– may be referenced in energy efficiency schemes

Standardisation trendsPlanning and selection

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Standardization trends: Planning and selectionTraffic handling for lifts

• Proper planning and selection of type, speed, size and number of lifts is crucial for

– providing adequate transport capacity

– optimizing waiting time for users

– avoiding over-use and premature failure of lifts

– optimizing emergency efficiency

– if lifts are used for evacuation of the building

• providing availability and capacity

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Standardization trends: Planning and selectionNew (extensively revised) standard

• ISO 4190-6:1984

– Standard for planning and selection of passenger lifts

– The standard is being updated to the current state of the art

– Easy to use tables and charts

– Includes parameters and guidance for traffic simulation

– Expected publication: end of 2016

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Standardization trends: Planning and selectionRide comfort

• ISO 18738-1:2012

– measurement and reporting of lift ride quality

– provides uniformity in terms of

• definition

• measurement

• processing

• expression

– addressing vibration and noise signals that comprise lift ride quality

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Standardization trendsSummary

• High speed lifts present specific challenges

• International standards address some of those challenges

• Trends and current development of International standards will have an impact on high speed lifts