chemistry lab project

7/25/2019 Chemistry Lab Project

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CHEMISTRY LAB PROJECT

UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND ENERGY STUDIES

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

Mr. SAKAIT DUTTA SIDHARTH KWATRA(62)

KASHISH DHAMIJA

ABHINEK KUMARDEEPANSHU KANJOLIA

Course :B.Tech. Chemical

Semester :2nd

Batch :B2


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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible

without the kind support and help of our individuals and organizations. I would

like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.

We are highly indebted to Mr.SAKAIT DUTTA for their guidance and constant

supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project

& also for their support in completing the project.

We would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & member of

UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND ENERGY STUDIES for their kind co-operation

and encouragement which help us in completion of this project.We would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to industry persons

for giving such attention and time.

Our thanks and appreciations also go to our colleague in developing the project

and people who have willingly helped us out with their abilities.


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INDEX

S.No. TOPIC Page No.

1. Preface 1

2. Introduction 2

3. Objective 3

4. Theory 3-5

5. Observations and Calculations 6-13

6. Results 14


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PREFACE

Our project provides complete information on the topic

COLLECTION OF DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF WATER AND THEIR

CHARATISATION and maximum efforts have been taken to make

the project more comprehensive and lucid to understand. Our project

covers a variety of sub topics like HARDNESS, ALKALINITY, PH

METRY, and CONDUCTIMETRY. The project collects different samples

of water and then the above mentioned experiments are performed on

the sample to get the results. The conclusions are drawn from these

observations and at last there are some precautions to be taken

during performing the experiment.


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INTRODUCTION:-Due to increasing level of pollution in the present conditions the

water quality is exponentially falling .The carbonate and

hydrogencarbonate levels in water is increasing due to which there is

corresponding shift in ALKALINITY and HARDNESS of water. In

addition of change in hardness and alkalinity there is also a shift in ph

and conductivity of water because of the presence of acid content in

the sample. The aim of the experiments performed is to analysis the

quality of water sample and the compare their values to give an

overall view of the quality of different samples collected.


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OBJECTIVE:-

Collection of various water samples and their characterization.

THEORY:

For hardness:

The amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in water is the hardness

of water. Erichrome Black T gives a wine red unstable complex with

calcium ions and magnesium ions present in hard water around pH 10 .This wine red complex on titration against standard EDTA solution changes

black to blue.


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For alkalinity:

The alkalinity in water is due to the presence of hydroxyl ion , carbonate

ion, bicarbonate ion present in given sample of water. These can be

estimated separately by titration against standard acid (HCL), usingphenolphthalein and methyl orange as indicators.

Phenolphthalein Methyl Orange

For conductometry:

Electrolytic conduction is a measure of the ability of a solution to carry

electric current. In these water samples some ion are there which are

responsible for conduction. These ions are hydronium ions, carbonate

ions, hydroxyl ions.


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For phmetry:

In order to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, one can use

hydrogen ion concentration. The PH of a solution is defined as negative log

of hydrogen ion concentration. Because the water samples was havinghydrogen ions therefore they were having PH.


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OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS:-

For Alkalinity

For sample 1:

S.no Volume of water

sample

Volume of HCL used

Phenolphthalein

(ml)

Volume of HCL used

Methyl orange (ml)

1. 10 ml 0 0.5

2. 10 ml 0 0.5

3. 10 ml 0 1.1

For sample 2:


sample

Volume of HCL used

Phenolphthalein

(ml)

Volume of HCL used

Methyl orange (ml)

1. 10 ml 0 0.7

2. 10 ml 0 0.7

3. 10 ml 0 1.1

For sample 3:


sample

Volume of HCL used

Phenolphthalein

(ml)

Volume of HCL used

Methyl orange (ml)

1. 10 ml 0 1.7

2. 10 ml 0 1.6

3. 10 ml 0 1.6


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For sample 4:


sample

Volume of HCL used

Phenolphthalein(ml)

Volume of HCL used

Methyl orange(ml)

1. 10 ml 0 0.5

2. 10 ml 0 0.5

3. 10 ml 0 0.7

When P


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For sample 2:

Normality of water w.r.t bicarbonate ion = ((0.7)*0.1)/10)=0.007 N

Hence, the strength of bicarbonate ion = 0.007*61=0.427 g/lit

Strength of Bicarbonate ion terms of CaCO3 = 0.007*50=0.35g/lit

For sample 3:




For sample 4:





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For Hardness:

Before boiling

For sample 1

S.no Volume of

solution

Reading of burette

Initial (ml) final(ml)

Volume of EDTA

used V1(ml)

1. 10 ml 0 2.3 2.3

2. 10 ml 2.3 3.8 1.5

3. 10 ml 3.8 5.3 1.5

For sample 2

S.no Volume of

solution

Reading of burette

Initial (ml) final(ml)

Volume of EDTA

used V1 (ml)

1. 10 ml 0 1.6 1.6

2. 10 ml 1.6 3.2 1.6

3. 10 ml 3.2 5.0 1.8

For sample 3

S.no Volume of

solution

Reading of burette

Initial(ml) final(ml)

Volume of EDTA

used V1 (ml)

1. 10 ml 4 6 2

2. 10 ml 6 8 2

3. 10 ml 8 10.2 2.2

For sample 4

S.no Volume of

solution

Reading of burette

Initial(ml) final(ml)

Volume of EDTA

used V1 (ml)

1. 10 ml 0 1.5 1.5

2. 10 ml 1.5 4.5 3

3. 10 ml 4.5 6 1.5


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After boiling

For sample 1

S.no Volume of

solution

Reading of burette

Initial(ml) Final(ml)

Volume of EDTA

used V2 (ml)

1. 10 ml 10.2 11.2 1

2. 10 ml 11.2 12.5 1.3

3. 10 ml 12.5 13.8 1.3

For sample 2

S.no Volume of

solution

Reading of burette

Initial (ml) Final

Volume of EDTA

used V2 (ml)1. 10 ml 13 14.3 1.3

2. 10 ml 14.3 15.6 1.3

3. 10 ml 15.6 18.5 2.9

For sample 3

S.no Volume of

solution

Reading of burette

Initial Final

Volume of EDTA

used V2 (ml)1. 10 ml 18 19.5 1.5

2. 10 ml 19.5 20.5 1

3. 10 ml 20.5 22 1.5

For sample 4

S.no Volume of

solution

Reading of burette

Initial Final

Volume of EDTA

used V2 (ml)

1. 10 ml 10.2 11.2 1

2. 10 ml 11.2 12.5 1.3

3. 10 ml 12.5 13.8 1.3


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Before boiling:

For sample 1:

Total Hardness:

1.5 ml of CaCO3 = 1.5 mg of CaCO3

(1.5*1000)/10 = 1500 ppm

For sample 2:

Total Hardness:

1.6 ml of CaCO3 =1.6 mg of CaCO3

(1.6*1000)/10 =1600ppm

For sample 3:

Total Hardness:

2 ml of CaCO3 = 2.0 mg of CaCO3

(2.0*1000)/10 =2000 ppm

For sample 4:

Total Hardness:


(1.5*1000)/10 =1500 ppm


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After boiling:

Permanent Hardness:

For sample 1:

1 ml of CaCO3 =1.0 mg of CaCO3

(1.0*1000)/10 =1000 ppm

For sample 2:


(1.3*1000)/10 =1300 ppm

For sample 3:


(1.5*1000)/10 =1500 ppm

For sample 4:

1.3 mg of CaCO31.3 ml of CaCO3 =

(1.3*1000)/10 =1300 ppm

Temporary Hardness:

For sample 1:

1500-1000 =500 ppm

For sample 2:

1600-1300 =300 ppm


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For sample 3:

2000-1500 =500 ppm

For sample 4:

1500-1300 =200 ppm

Conductivity of different samples of water:

For sample 1:

Conductivity: 1.64 mS

For sample 2:


For sample 3:


For sample 4:


pH of different samples of water:

For sample 1:

pH = 7.10

For sample 2:

pH = 6.86

For sample 3:

pH = 5.65

For sample 4:

pH = 7.10


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Result:-

The characteristics (alkanity,hardness,pH and conductance) of various

water sample are determined.

chemistry lab project

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