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Active Chemistry via Active Chemistry via Integrated Lab-Lecture C Courses David A. Katz D t t f Ch it Department of Chemistry Pima Community College Tucson AZ USA Tucson, AZ, USA Email: [email protected] Web site: http://www.chymist.com

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Active Chemistry viaActive Chemistry via Integrated Lab-Lecture

CCourses

David A. KatzD t t f Ch i tDepartment of ChemistryPima Community College

Tucson AZ USATucson, AZ, USA Email: [email protected]

Web site: http://www.chymist.comp y

DO YOUR STUDENTSDO YOUR STUDENTS LOOK LIKE THIS?

DO YOUR CLASS GRADES LIKE THIS?

DOES YOUR TEXTBOOK LOOK LIKE THIS?INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRYINTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Chapter 1: The Chemical World Chapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving.Chapter 3: Matter and Energy.Chapter 3: Matter and Energy.Chapter 4: Atoms and Elements.Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Chapter 6: Chemical Composition.Ch t 7 Ch i l R tiChapter 7: Chemical Reactions. Chapter 8: Quantities in Chemical Reactions. Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table.Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding.p gChapter 11: Gases.Chapter 12: Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces.Chapter 13: Solutions.Chapter 14: Acids and BasesChapter 14: Acids and Bases.Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium.Chapter 16: Oxidation and Reduction.Chapter 17: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry.Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry.Chapter 19: Biochemistry.Appendix: Mathematics Review.

DO YOUR LAB EXPERIMENTS LOOK LIKE THESE?Laboratory Experiments for an Introductory Chemistry Coursey p y y

Experiment 1: Measurement and DensityExperiment 2: Solutions and MeasurementExperiment 3: The Use of Physical Properties to Identify an Unknown

CompoundCo pou dExperiment 4: Separation of an Unknown MixtureExperiment 5: Determining the Specific Heat Capacity of a Metal by CalorimetryExperiment 6: Atoms and LightExperiment 7: Reactions of Alkaline Earth MetalspExperiment 8: Identification of an Unknown Metal Carbonate Experiment 9: Single Displacement ReactionsExperiment 10: Double Displacement ReactionsExperiment 11: Determining the Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide p g p gExperiment 12: Measuring the Hardness of WaterExperiment 13: Determining the Purity of an Ionic Compound by Chloride

AnalysisExperiment 14: Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxidep p y gExperiment 15: Determination of a Reaction YieldExperiment 16: Molecular Model BuildingExperiment 17: Charles's LawExperiment 18: The Molar Mass of ButanepExperiment 19: Solution MixturesExperiment 20: Introduction to Acids and Bases Experiment 21: Acid-Base Titrations

Why is chemistry “hard”?Why is chemistry hard ?• Technical vocabularyy• Concepts and abstractions – difficult to

relate to everyday• Difficult to visualize electrons, atoms,

molecules, reactions, etc…C t i i f ti t h• Cannot memorize information – must have some degree of understanding

• Boring lectures (“chalk talks”) with a lot of• Boring lectures ( chalk talks ) with a lot of information (information overload)

• Requires mathq

Learning needs to be multisensory

Not this:Not this:

This:

IT’S TIME TO PUT THOSE TEXTBOOKS AND LABORATORY MANUALS WHEREAND LABORATORY MANUALS WHERE

THEY BELONG AND

INTEGRATE LECTURE AND LABINTEGRATE LECTURE AND LAB

WHY INTEGRATE?WHY INTEGRATE?• Small class size• Exciting topics• Multi-sensory learning

Vi li ti f t• Visualization of concepts• Integrate history into the course• Active Learning: Case study/Inquiry and• Active Learning: Case study/Inquiry and

“Hands-in” approach• Students search out information• Relation to everyday materials and

processes• Higher retention of material• Higher retention of material

Make Extensive Use of Hands-on E i t /A ti iti

• Students are actively involved in learningExperiments/Activities

• In chemistry, implementing hands-on experiments in the classroom has been viewed as a difficult undertaking– Materials and apparatus needed

S t– Set-up– Formulation of questions– Time for the activity– Time for the activity– Discussion of results

• In fact, set-ups can be simple with minimumIn fact, set ups can be simple with minimum chemicals and small-scale or microscale

Main ObjectiveMain Objective

Students must be able to locateStudents must be able to locate information, read and understand it, and have the knowledge to makeand have the knowledge to make rational decisions regarding the accuracy of that information to becomeaccuracy of that information to become informed citizens in today’s world.

CHM 121IN: CHEMISTRY AND SOCIETYClass Topics:

(subject to change as issues become current in the news)

Are we alone? Life in the universe and how it is detected

Life on Mars (and elsewhere in the universe)Life on Mars (and elsewhere in the universe)Detecting elements (and compounds) in space

Atoms, elements and chemical bonds

Class Topics (continued):Atmospheric ChemistryGases and the atmosphereOzone depletion andOzone depletion and chlorofluorocarbonsAir pollution

Water and waterWater and water pollution El Nino and climatichchange

Class Topics (continued):Earth ChemistryEnergy sources and resources:

Natural resources: coal, oil, andNatural resources: coal, oil, and natural gas.Alternative sources: wind power, hydroelectric, geothermal, solarhydroelectric, geothermal, solar power.

Class Topics (continued):N l t tNuclear power: reactors to weapons to waste.

The science in i fi tiscience fiction

Nanotechnology

Class Topics (continued):Forensic science.

Material evidenceFingerprintingFingerprintingHair and fiber identificationAnalysis of inks and dyesBlood and blood spatterBlood and blood spatter identification

Drugs (over-the-counter)DNA testing

ADDITIONAL LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSEXPERIMENTS

An Experiment in alchemy: copper silver goldAn Experiment in alchemy: copper, silver, goldProperties of Unknown Substances (written as a

Sherlock Holmes mystery)y y)Sunscreens: Preparation and EvaluationTesting the Waters

fPreparation of MalachiteExtracting a metal from its ore

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)O O S (co t ued)

Recycling a metal: The preparation of Alum KAl(SO4)2•12H2OAlum, KAl(SO4)2 12H2O

Crystal growing

Batteries

Construction of a Microscale Fuel Cell

OTHER REQUIREMENTSOTHER REQUIREMENTS

• Take-home exams or worksheetsTake home exams or worksheets• Complete laboratory report sheets

and answer all questionsand answer all questions• Write two reports:

5 pages double spaced (not including diagrams)5 pages double spaced (not including diagrams)Minimum of 3 referencesProper bibliographyTopics:

1. Related to some current issue in chemistry2 A consumer product2. A consumer product

CHM 125IN: CONSUMER CHEMISTRY

Class Topics:

Ch i t b iChemistry basics:Physical and

chemical propertieschemical properties Elements,

compounds, and bonding

Nomenclature basics: inorganic andinorganic and organic

Chemical equations

Class Topics (continued):p ( )

Health and risk: LD50, TLV, Risk Assessment, Safety information - where to find itChemical equations Acids, Bases, and pHThe basic facts: reading labelsThe basic facts: reading labels on products and references to

decipher labelsp

Class Topics (continued):

• Acids, bases, and pH using red cabbage paper

B ff f f– Buffers for reference– Solutions of

household productshousehold products• Indicators using

serial dilutions to observe color changes

Class Topics (continued):Chemistry in the Laundry:

Soaps, detergents and cleaning agentsChemistry of surfaces:Chemistry of surfaces:

Solutions, emulsions and foamsChemistry in the kitchen:

NutrientsFats and oils Chemistry of cooking

Chemistry in the dining room:Foods and food additives

Legal highs: Foods as drugs Vitamins and minerals

Fl d b dFlour and bread Chemistry in the boudoir:

Selling sex: cosmetics and personal care products P fPerfumes Tanning and sunscreens

Class Topics (continued):Chemistry in the medicine cabinet:

Aches, pains, and pills Over the counter medications

Ch i f h d d fChemistry of hardware and softwarePlastics and polymersGlass MetalsMetals Fibers and fabrics Leather Paper Paints Adhesives Concrete

Chemistry in the gardenChemistry in the garden Soil science Pesticides

Swimming pool chemistry g p y

Class Topics (continued):Chemistry and energy

Chemistry and your car y yBatteries Fuel Cells Alternative energy sources: wind power, hydroelectric, gy p , y ,

geothermal, solar power

Chemistry and RadiationRadioactivity Heavy metals and radiation Metals in the environment Biological effects Nuclear energy: reactors and waste Nuclear weapons

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSd CLASS ACTIVITIESand CLASS ACTIVITIES

The Scientific Method1. Observation/Event2. Hypothesis3. Experiment4. Communication/Publication5 R h G t5. Research Grant6. Experiment7 Theory?7. Theory?8. Verification/modification of theory----------------------------9. Physical Law

The Scientific MethodThe Scientific MethodHypothesis and Experiment

4 d4 cards

Each has a number on one side and a letter on the other side.

Two letters showing, two numbers showingHypothesis: Any card with a vowel (A, E, I, O, U)

on one side has an even number (0 2 4 6 8)on one side has an even number (0, 2, 4, 6, 8) on the other side.

Question: How many cards must we turn over to yprove (or disprove) the hypothesis?

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSd CLASS ACTIVITIES ( ti d)and CLASS ACTIVITIES (continued)

Mystery Powders: h t dhow to do an

investigation

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSand CLASS ACTIVITIES (continued)

Chemical Reactionsand CLASS ACTIVITIES (continued)

The Synthesis of Zinc Iodide: Tracking a ChemicalThe Synthesis of Zinc Iodide: Tracking a Chemical Reaction

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSd CLASS ACTIVITIESand CLASS ACTIVITIES

Acids, Bases, and pH using red cabbage paperEconomics of a Chemical Product The Chemistry of Soaps and Detergents:

Part 1. Preparation of a soap and a detergentPart 1. Preparation of a soap and a detergent Part 2. Properties of soaps and detergents

Testing for StarchTesting for Starch Potato Chip Tasting Extraction of Fat From Potato Chips Popcorn

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)

Apple browning: a look at antioxidants Butter in a Bottle How Big is a Fatty Acid Molecule Zip-lock picklesRoot beer Make your own orange drink: food additives and how

they affect our food y

Easy cheese

Esters: The preparation of artificial food flavors

Ch t h Th E t ti d Id tifi ti fChromatography: The Extraction and Identification of Artificial Colors from Foods

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)Energy of a Peanut:

Determining the Caloric Content of Selected Foods

How Yeast Works

Testing the Waters: How Good is That Bottled Water and How Effective is Your WaterHow Effective is Your Water Filter

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)

Preparation of a Skin Cream Isolation of an essential oil Perfumes Preparation and Evaluation of Sunscreens The Drug Lab: Synthesis of Aspirin and

Acetaminophen Standardization of a Basic Solution and Analysis ofStandardization of a Basic Solution and Analysis of

Stomach Antacid Tablets Identification of a polymer p yLiquid Crystals Polymers Preparation of synthetic rubber

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)

Polishing your metals Preparation of a synthetic dye p y yDyes and dyeing Papermaking and evaluation of papers Adhesives Soils and geological formations Mi i f t lMining for natural resourcesMaking pastel crayons Making crayonsMaking crayons

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (continued)Batteries

Fuel cells

OTHER REQUIREMENTSOTHER REQUIREMENTS

• Take-home exams or worksheetsTake-home exams or worksheets• Complete laboratory report sheets and

answer all questionsanswer all questions• Write two reports:

5 pages double spacedMinimum of 3 referencesProper bibliographyProper bibliographyTopics: Two unrelated consumer products

Electrolytes and ConductivityElectrolytes and ConductivityNaCl → Na+ + Cl-NaCl Na Cl

Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 H2O

Gases: Experiments with a 140-mL syringe

B l ’ L PV k• Boyle’s Law: PV = k • Expand a marshmallow• Boil water at room

temperaturep• Charles’ Law: V/T = k • Determine mass• Determine mass

(density) of a gas

Molecular ShapesU i M d li Cl d T th i kUsing Modeling Clay and Toothpicks

• The shape of a• The shape of a molecule plays an important role in its preactivity.

• Students cannot think in 3-D

• Manipulating “atoms” into molecular shapes f li VSEPRformalizes VSEPR

Reaction KineticsReaction KineticsIntroduction to reaction kinetics

using Alka-Seltzer

Course syllabi and experimentscan be found atcan be found at

http://www.chymist.comp yOn the left-hand menu, click on

Compleat Chymical Demonstrator or

Magic Into ScienceMagic Into Scienceor, for course information and experiments,

Pima Chem CoursesPima Chem Coursesthen click on appropriate course link:

Chem 121, Chem 125, Chem 130,Chem 151, or Chem 152