chapter xi the situation in...

The situation in Cyprus 273

many, Federal Republic of, India, Indonesia, Iran,Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Sudan, Yugoslavia:draft resolution, approved unanimously by SpecialPolitical Committee on 21 November 1975, meeting 982.

A/SPC/L.338, A/C.5/1720, A/10424. Administrative andfinancial implications of draft resolution D recom-mended by Special Political Committee in A/10411.Statements by Secretary-General and report of FifthCommittee.

A/10411. Report of Special Political Committee, draftresolution D.

Resolution 3419 D (XXX), as recommended by SpecialPolitical Committee, A/10411, adopted unanimously byAssembly on 8 December 1975, meeting 2430.

The General Assembly,Recalling its resolutions 2656(XXV) of 7 December

1970, 2728(XXV) of 15 December 1970, 2791 (XXVI) of 6December 1971, 2964(XXVII) of 13 December 1972, 3090(XXVIII) of 7 December 1973 and 3330(XXIX) of 17 De-cember 1974,

Having considered the report of the Working Groupon the Financing of the United Nations Relief and WorksAgency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East,

Taking into account the annual report of the Commis-

sioner-General of the United Nations Relief and WorksAgency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, coveringthe period from 1 July 1974 to 30 June 1975,

Gravely concerned at the alarming financial situationof the United Nations Relief and Works Agency forPalestine Refugees in the Near East, imminently en-dangering the essential minimum services being providedto the Palestine refugees,

Emphasizing the urgent need for extraordinary effortsin order to maintain, at least at their present minimumlevel, the activities of the United Nations Relief andWorks Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East,

1. Commends the Working Group on the Financingof the United Nations Relief and Works Agency forPalestine Refugees in the Near East for its work;

2. Notes with appreciation the report of the WorkingGroup;

3. Requests the Working Group to continue its efforts,in co-operation with the Secretary-General and the Com-missioner-General, for the financing of the United Na-tions Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugeesin the Near East for a further period of one year;

4. Requests the Secretary-General to provide thenecessary services and assistance to the Working Groupfor the conduct of its work.

Chapter XI

The situation in Cyprus

During 1975, the situation on the island of Cyprusremained tense in the aftermath of the events ofJuly and August 1974. The Turkish armed forcesremained in control of the northern part of theisland; nearly one third of the Greek Cypriotpopulation continued to be displaced; and thedifficulties and mistrust dividing the two commu-nities did not ease perceptibly during the year.

In the early part of 1975 a large number ofshooting incidents occurred along the cease-firelines and, while there was a reduction of such inci-dents in the second half of the year, violations ofthe cease-fire by movement forward from the exist-ing lines increased and led to greater tension inthe areas of confrontation. The United NationsPeace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) con-tinued to carry out its peace-keeping and humani-tarian tasks to the maximum extent possible inaccordance with the relevant resolutions of theSecurity Council. It maintained surveillance of thecease-fire, reported violations and, as far as pos-sible, tried to persuade the parties to refrain fromsuch violations.

During 1975, the situation in Cyprus was dis-

cussed in the Security Council and the GeneralAssembly. The Security Council adopted three, andthe General Assembly adopted two, resolutionson matters concerning Cyprus.

The Security Council met in February andMarch at the request of Cyprus to consider thesituation on the island following the declaration,on 13 February, by the Turkish Cypriot side pur-porting to turn the Turkish-occupied territory intoa "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus." On 12March, the Council adopted resolution 367(1975)by which, among other things, it regretted theunilateral declaration by the Turkish Cypriots,which inter alia tended to compromise the con-tinuation of intercommunal negotiations; it af-firmed that that declaration did not prejudge thefinal political settlement and took note of thestatement that that was not its intention.

By that resolution, also, the Security Councilasked the Secretary-General to undertake a newmission of good offices to convene the representa-tives of the two communities for negotiationsunder his personal auspices and with his directionas appropriate.

274 Political and security questions

Following this decision, four rounds of inter-communal talks were held under the auspicesof the Secretary-General—at Vienna, Austria, inApril/May, in June, and in July/August; and inNew York in September. The Secretary-Generalreported to the Security Council on developmentsat these meetings as he had been requested.

By its resolutions 370(1975) in June and 383(1975) in December, the Security Council inter aliarequested the Secretary-General to continue hismission of good offices and keep the Council in-formed of the progress made. By each of thoseresolutions, also, the Council extended the man-date of UNFICYP for further six-month periods.

The General Assembly, on 20 November 1975,called urgently for continued efforts to implementin all its parts its resolution 3212(XXIX) of 1 No-vember 1974,1 by which it had, inter alia, calledupon all States to respect the sovereignty, inde-pendence, territorial integrity and non-alignmentof the Republic of Cyprus, urged the speedy with-drawal of all foreign armed forces from the Repub-lic and the cessation of foreign interference in itsaffairs, called for the continuation of talks takingplace on an equal footing between the representa-tives of the two communities with a view to reach-ing a mutually acceptable settlement based on theirfundamental and legitimate rights, and called onthe parties concerned to take measures to allowall refugees to return to their homes in safety,and to co-operate fully with UNFICYP.

By its 1975 decision, adopted as resolution3395(XXX), the Assembly re-emphasized thoseprovisions and, in addition, urged the parties torefrain from unilateral actions, including changesin the demographic structure of Cyprus, and toresume negotiations in a meaningful and con-structive manner under the auspices of the Secre-tary-General.

On 9 December 1975, by its resolution 3450(XXX), the General Assembly requested the Secre-tary-General to exert every effort, in close co-opera-tion with the International Committee of the RedCross, to assist in tracing and accounting for per-sons missing as a result of armed conflict inCyprus and to report to the Commission onHuman Rights.

Details of these and other related matters are tobe found in the sections which follow.

During 1975, Lieutenant-General Dewan PremChand (promoted from Major-General on 16 June1975) continued in his role of Commander ofUNFICYP. On 15 October Ambassador Javier Pérezde Cuellar (Peru) replaced Luis Weckmann-Muñoz(Mexico) as the Secretary-General's Special Repre-sentative in Cyprus. Sadruddin Aga Khan, UnitedNations High Commissioner for Refugees, con-tinued in his role as Co-ordinator of United Na-tions humanitarian assistance for Cyprus through-out the year.

1 See Y.U.N., 1974, p. 295, text of resolution 3212(XXIX).

Political and related developments

Communications (1 January-20 February 1975)During January and early February 1975, a num-

ber of communications relating to the situation inCyprus were received from Cyprus, Greece andTurkey.

In a letter dated 6 January 1975, the repre-sentative of Cyprus charged that statements re-ported to have been made in Cyprus by BulentEcevit, former Prime Minister of Turkey, to theeffect that the Republic of Cyprus was abolishedand that Archbishop Makarios was no longerPresident, were highly provocative and inflamma-tory and in contemptuous disregard of UnitedNations resolutions on Cyprus which reaffirmedthe independence, sovereignty and territorial in-tegrity of the Republic. On 4 February, the Turk-ish representative transmitted a letter from RaufR. Denktash, Vice-President of the Republic ofCyprus, who stated in reply that ArchbishopMakarios had acted only as leader of the GreekCypriot community on Cyprus and that his activ-

ities in the preceding 11 years had been destructivefor the Turkish community of Cyprus and in com-plete violation of constitutional provisions.

In a letter dated 20 January 1975, the repre-sentative of Cyprus issued a categorical and em-phatic protest against the United Kingdom Gov-ernment's agreeing to arbitrary Turkish demandsfor the removal of Turkish Cypriot refugees fromBritish bases in Cyprus to Turkey, whence it wasfeared they would be sent to Turkish-controlledareas of northern Cyprus. The scheme, calculatedto change the demographic character of the island,flagrantly violated not only the United Nationsresolutions on Cyprus but also the 1960 Treaty ofGuarantee, international law and the Charter ofthe United Nations, and was a grave breach of theGeneva Convention relative to the Protection ofCivilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August1949, he stated. On 11 February, the Turkish rep-resentative transmitted a letter from Mr. Denktashin reply, describing the decision to evacuate the


Turkish Cypriot refugees from a British base areaas a humanitarian action which would increase thechances of a just and lasting solution to theCyprus problem. The existence of vulnerableTurkish Cypriot populations scattered all overCyprus, whom the Greek Cypriots regarded ashostages, encouraged the Greek Cypriot leadershipto follow an intransigent and negative policy, hestated.

In a letter dated 29 January, the representativeof Cyprus protested against dictatorial interven-tions in the intercommunal talks in Cyprus by theForeign Minister of Turkey, Melih Esenbel, bybroadcasts and statements in the press rejectingany cantonal system of administration for Cyprusand advocating a bi-zonal federation based on geo-graphical separation. Mr. Esenbel had also declaredUnited Nations supervision of the internationalairport at Nicosia, Cyprus, to be "unacceptable,"the Cypriot representative said, thereby causing theTurkish Cypriot representative to withdraw hisacceptance from a plan which had been reachedon the reopening of the airport. On 20 February,the Turkish representative transmitted a letterfrom Mr. Denktash—whom he identified as the"President of the Federated Turkish State of theCyprus Republic"—rejecting the complaints andalleging that Archbishop Makarios was seeking todisrupt the talks between the communities by fre-quent allusions to the struggle for "national resto-ration" and "the survival of Cypriot Hellenism."Mr. Denktash stated that no agreement had beenreached on the Nicosia airport and that negotia-tions were continuing on that matter.

By letters dated 28 and 31 January 1975, therepresentative of Greece charged that the Turkisharmy in occupied northern Cyprus had been takingmeasures to partition Cyprus by compulsorily up-rooting the population and by exerting pressureon Greek Cypriots to force them to request theirtransfer to the south. On 20 February, the Turkishrepresentative transmitted a letter from Vedat A.Celik, representative of the "Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus," rejecting the charges and counter-charging that the Greek Cypriot side had halted alltransfers of people mutually agreed on betweenboth sides on humanitarian grounds.

In a letter dated 5 February, the representativeof Cyprus charged that the Turkish Cypriotauthorities had been allowing the produce ofusurped properties to go to waste despite theurgent need for grain to feed displaced persons. Ina further letter of 10 February, the representativeprotested against illegal commercial flights whichhad commenced between Turkey and Tymbou, inthe area of northern Cyprus occupied by the Turk-ish armed forces. They were causing harmful

interference with and danger to air navigation, theCypriot representative stated, and he requested theSecretary-General to intervene for the cessation ofviolations of the Convention on InternationalCivil Aviation. In reply, on 20 February, theTurkish representative transmitted a letter fromMr. Celik in which he stated that it was impera-tive that Turkish Cypriots be provided with thisfacility in the Turkish-controlled region in thenorth in view of the restrictions imposed by theGreek Cypriot side on the freedom of movementof Turkish Cypriots. He also protested against thetransmission of misleading information to pilotsof the Turkish Cypriot airline by the Greek Cypriotside which, he stated, might give rise to accidents.

On 11 February, the Turkish representativetransmitted a letter from Mr. Denktash protestingrestrictions on the freedom of movement of Turk-ish Cypriots living in the south, their harassmentand the prevention of their moving to the north.

By a letter dated 12 February, the representativeof Greece stated that, according to reports in theTurkish Cypriot press, the Turkish Cypriot ad-ministration had decided to establish honoraryconsulates in Turkish cities and envisaged estab-lishing commercial agencies in European and Arabcountries which, if true and if accepted byTurkey, would constitute a deliberate act towardspartition of the island and would have serious re-percussions on Greek-Turkish relations. By a fur-ther letter dated 14 February, the representativeof Greece stated that the proclamation the daybefore of the Turkish-occupied territory as "a sepa-rate federated state in a future Cyprus federation"was a continuation of the policy of faits accomplisbased on the use of force by the Turkish Cypriotside, was evidence of their bad faith during theintercommunal talks, and went against the UnitedNations resolutions on the Cyprus question. Greecereserved its rights emanating from existing treaties,the representative said, and he strongly hoped thatall Members of the United Nations would con-demn and oppose the action.

In a letter dated 14 February, the representativeof Cyprus referred to further measures calculated toalter the demographic character of Cyprus throughthe introduction of a proposal in the "LegislativeAssembly" of the "Turkish Cypriot administra-tion" to grant citizenship of the "Turkish Cypriotadministration" to members of the Turkish armedforces and others. He asked the Secretary-Generalto exert all possible influence and efforts to avertthe grave consequences of that illegal action.

Among the other communications addressed tothe Secretary-General in January and February1975 was a letter dated 28 January from the repre-sentative of Cyprus expressing gratitude for the


humanitarian assistance given to the people ofCyprus by the international community in theperiod from September to December 1974, andexpressing the hope that the appeal of the UnitedNations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)for support of the programmes of humanitarian as-sistance for Cyprus would meet with a generousresponse (see section below).

In addition, the representative of Cyprus trans-mitted: on 29 January, a protest by the "BritishResidents for Justice in Cyprus" against theUnited Kingdom Government's decision to allowthe Turkish authorities to evacuate TurkishCypriot refugees from the British base at Akrotiri,Cyprus, to Turkey; on 5 February, a statement onthe situation in Cyprus by 24 representatives ofnon-governmental organizations in association withthe United Nations charging that the failure ofcertain powers to prevent the partial occupation ofthe island had led to the ruin of large parts ofCyprus, the collapse of its economy and the crea-tion of an enormous wave of homeless refugees,and calling for the implementation of the UnitedNations resolutions; on 20 February, a resolutionpassed on that date by the House of Representa-tives of Cyprus expressing its trust that the SecurityCouncil would take the measures required for im-plementation of its resolutions and those of theGeneral Assembly regarding Cyprus, and wouldput an end to the Turkish acts which violated theprinciples of the United Nations Charter; and, alsoon 20 February, an appeal by the Pancyprian Com-mittee for Refugees to the Security Council to setup a committee to supervise the implementationof its decisions, to send a mission to visit Cyprus,and to call an international conference to find asolution to the Cyprus problem.

Among the communications received from othercountries, Ireland transmitted, on 19 February, astatement by the nine member countries of theEuropean Economic Community (EEC)—Belgium,Denmark, France, the Federal Republic of Ger-many, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Nether-lands and the United Kingdom—which recalledthe association of Greece, Turkey and Cyprus withEEC, expressed their continued support for a nego-tiated solution by consultation between the twocommunities in Cyprus, and further expressed theirwillingness to hold discussions with all the inter-ested parties to facilitate the realization of thatobjective.

Also on 19 February, the USSR transmitted astatement of the Telegraphic Agency of the SovietUnion (TASS) indicating that the unilateral stepstaken by the leaders of the Turkish Cypriot com-munity had complicated the situation in Cyprusand had contradicted the decisions of the United

Nations. Recalling the proposal of the USSR thata broad international forum should consider theCyprus problem, the statement declared that rulingcircles in the USSR considered it necessary to im-plement immediately the United Nations decisionson Cyprus in their entirety. In letters dated 18 and19 February respectively, the representatives ofBulgaria and Hungary transmitted statements bytheir national news agencies expressing support forthe USSR proposal for convening an internationalconference on Cyprus.

On 17 February, the representative of Cyprusrequested the convening of an urgent meeting ofthe Security Council to discuss the violation byTurkey of the relevant General Assembly andSecurity Council resolutions, the negative andthreatening interventions of Turkey in the localtalks, the forcible transfer of population conductedby Turkey, and the declaration of 13 February1975 purporting to turn the Turkish-occupied ter-ritory of Cyprus into a separate Turkish state. Hecharged that the very meaning and purpose of thelocal talks had been frustrated and negated, andonly by a determined effort on the part of theCouncil to enforce the relevant Council and As-sembly resolutions, coupled with new proceduresof negotiation, could there be progress towards ajust and peaceful solution of the problem.

Special report of theSecretary-General (18 February 1975)

On 18 February 1975, the Secretary-General sub-mitted a special report to the Security Council ondevelopments in Cyprus. The report contained anaccount of the talks between Glafcos Clerides, rep-resentative of the Greek Cypriot community, andRauf R. Denktash, in the presence of the SpecialRepresentative of the Secretary-General, LuisWeckmann-Muñoz. On 8 January, the two leadershad agreed to begin their negotiations by discuss-ing the powers and functions of the central Gov-ernment in a federal State, the report stated; theyalso agreed to continue their talks on humanitarianissues—a subject subsequently allocated to a specialsub-committee established for that purpose andcomposed of four Greek Cypriot and four TurkishCypriot representatives, as well as officials of theUnited Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus(UNFICYP), of UNHCR, and of the International Com-mittee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

On 10 February, Mr. Clerides had submitted toMr. Denktash, through the Special Representative,the Greek Cypriot constitutional proposals, the re-port stated. These called for the establishment of abicommunal, multiregional federal State in whichthe areas under the administration of each com-munity would correspond to its ratio of the total


population; the central Government would havesubstantial powers.

On 13 February, Mr. Denktash had issued astatement announcing a restructuring and reor-ganization of the Turkish Cypriot administrationon the basis of a secular and federated State untilsuch time as the 1960 Constitution was amendedand a federal republic established, the report con-tinued. Mr. Denktash had also submitted throughthe Special Representative the Turkish Cypriot con-stitutional proposals for a bicommunal, biregionalfederal State. The proposals specified that, in viewof the impracticability of the two communitiesliving together, only those powers necessary for theestablishment of the federation were to be left tothe federal State and all other powers should bevested in the federated states. Joint institutionswould be organized on a basis of equality so as toprevent domination of one community by theother. The proposals also called for the establish-ment of a transitional Government of the Re-public.

Also included in the Secretary-General's reportwas a statement by Archbishop Makarios, Presidentof the Republic of Cyprus, dated 13 February, de-nouncing the proclamation by the Turkish Cypriotleadership of what was, under a guise, a TurkishCypriot state. That action confirmed the bad faithof both the Turkish Government and the TurkishCypriot leadership, the President stated, and dealta heavy blow to the intercommunal talks.

In his report, the Secretary-General also in-formed the Council that, in order to produce thereport requested by resolution 365(1974),2 he hadaddressed identical notes to the parties concerned,asking them to provide all relevant informationconcerning steps they had taken or contemplatedtaking in regard to General Assembly resolution3212(XXIX) of 1 November 1974.3 The repliesreceived from the Governments of Greece andCyprus, which were annexed to the report, statedthat those Governments continued to encourageand promote progress in the intercommunal talksand blamed the Turkish side for using delayingtactics and taking a negative attitude. The Greekreply contained a pledge that it was ready towithdraw the few hundred Greek military per-sonnel from the island provided the Turkish sidefully reciprocated and withdrew the more than35,000 troops it had stationed there.

The Secretary-General further reported on themaintenance of the cease-fire with special referenceto certain moves by Turkish troops forward of thecease-fire lines of 16 August 1974. As for the free-dom of movement of UNFICYP, the Secretary-General reported that agreement had been reachedwith the Turkish armed forces allowing UNFICYP

teams escorted by a Turkish officer to visit GreekCypriot inhabitants in the north.

Consideration by the SecurityCouncil (20 February-12 March 1975)

The Security Council met on 20 February 1975at the request of Cyprus. Cyprus, Greece andTurkey were invited, at their request, to partici-pate in the discussion without the right to vote.The Council also exended an invitation to Mr.Celik, representative of the Turkish Cypriot com-munity, to participate and make a statement. Inaddition, Bulgaria, Romania and Saudi Arabiawere also invited, at their request, to participatein the discussion without the right to vote.

Speaking in the debate, the Secretary-Generalrecalled his meetings with Turkish and Greekleaders in Ankara and Athens on 19 February. TheCyprus situation posed serious risks to peace andsecurity in the eastern Mediterranean, he said, aslong as no progress was made in resolving theproblems along the lines of the General Assembly'sdecision of 1 November 1974. It was the duty ofthe Council and the parties directly concerned toensure real progress towards a lasting settlement.The United Nations could and should shoulder itsresponsibilities and that was the expectation ofthe parties, he said. His and his Special Represen-tative's good offices were available to assist theparties and the Council. A further deteriorationof the situation would present dangers for inter-national peace and security, he continued. He be-lieved that the intercommunal talks could providea basis for progress, although he recognized theneed for a new approach to the negotiating processby reactivating those talks on a new agreed basis.Any solution had to be based on United Nationsresolutions and on the sovereignty, independence,territorial integrity and non-alignment of Cyprus,concluded the Secretary-General.

Speaking first among the parties concerned, Mr.Clerides, on behalf of Cyprus, enumerated thecardinal principles for a solution to the Cyprusproblem as embodied in Assembly resolution3212(XXIX) of 1 November 1974—principles withwhich Turkey had not complied. These were: re-spect for the independence, territorial integrity andsovereignty of Cyprus; speedy withdrawal of allforeign armed forces and cessation of all foreigninterference in Cyprus; acknowledgement that theconstitutional system of Cyprus concerned the twoCypriot communities; acceptance that the negotia-tions should be conducted freely and on an equal

2 See Y.U.N., 1974, p. 296, text of resolution 365(1974) of 13December 1974.

3 Ibid., p. 295, text of resolution 3212(XXIX).


footing by the two communities; and a commitmentthat all refugees should return to their homes insafety. Through the declaration of a separate stateby the Turkish Cypriot side and attempts to colo-nize and change the ethnic composition of thepopulation, Turkey was trying to impose its ownsolutions on Cyprus. He went on to give an accountof the sufferings of the Greek Cypriot inhabitantsof the area under Turkish occupation. Finally, hecalled for a time-limit within which Turkey wouldhave to comply with the Assembly's decisions onCyprus.

Greece said that Turkey had consistently fol-lowed a policy of intimidation and faits accomplisin dealing with the Cyprus problem, while Greecehad sought a constructive compromise. Politicalnegotiations had been continually torpedoed byTurkey, while Greece and the Greek Cypriots hadoffered a complete framework of principles uponwhich a federal State could be based. The SecurityCouncil had the duty and the means to implementits resolutions, Greece said. Greece desired a set-tlement, but it could also live without one; inview of the blackmail procedure of Turkey, Greecewould not accept a solution, it said, if not con-vinced that it had been accepted by Greek Cypriotsof their own free will.

Turkey said that the history of Cyprus had seena President devoting 15 years in office to achievingunion with another country and eliminating afounding community of his State. There would beno return to the status quo ante, Turkey said;physical separation of the Turks and the Greekswas essential to the safety of the Turks. Therewere many faits accomplis in Cyprus, Turkeystated, including the thousands of illegal Greekforces occupying the island; however, no faits ac-complis and unilateral actions should put an endto the negotiating process.

Mr. Celik, on behalf of the Turkish Cypriot com-munity, said that his side had never wanted separa-tion, but separation had been forced on them bythe Greek Cypriot side. The spirit of the relevantAssembly and Council resolutions was that therewere two equal national communities in Cyprusand that a solution should be found in the inter-communal talks on an equal footing, he said. Asprogress was made towards a peaceful settlement,all foreign forces would be withdrawn and thehumanitarian problem, including the problem ofthe refugees, would be solved. The attempt to senda fact-finding mission to Cyprus was a first steptowards a wider political conference on Cyprus,Mr. Celik continued, to which his side was op-posed for well-known reasons: it was a Greekscheme to internationalize the Cyprus problem.

The Turkish Cypriot position called for a bire-gional, independent and non-aligned federal State,he said; the proclamation of a federated Turkishstate in Cyprus should in no way affect the inter-communal talks.

In the ensuing debate, the discussion centredaround the following main points: the latest de-velopments on the island and their effects on thenegotiating process; ideas concerning future nego-tiations and their forum, including the role of theSecretary-General in the intercommunal talks; theproblem of foreign intervention in Cyprus; andthe refugee problem.

There was virtual unanimity among membersof the Council on a number of points, includingthe regret expressed over the unilateral measurestaken by the Turkish Cypriot community, con-tinued recognition of the Government of Cyprusheaded by Archbishop Makarios, and the desireto see the early resumption of talks with a view tofinding a solution to the problems of Cyprus.

With regard to the unilateral declaration by theTurkish Cypriot community of a Turkish Cypriotfederated state, the United Kingdom said it de-plored the action, partly because the timing wassuch that it had led to the suspension of the inter-communal talks at the moment when alternativeconstitutional proposals were on the table and realnegotiations could have begun, and partly becauseit considered the move likely to divide Cyprus fur-ther. The United Kingdom, Iraq and others wel-comed, however, the statement of the TurkishGovernment and the Turkish Cypriot side that theproclamation was not a unilateral declaration ofindependence and that it precluded partition orannexation.

France said that it deplored an action which ledone of the communities to impose on the otherthe terms of a settlement which the General As-sembly and the Security Council had said shouldbe the fruit of free negotiations. The USSR, ex-pressing its serious concern, said that the stepstaken by the leadership of the Turkish communityin Cyprus would inevitably lead to a separationof the Cyprus communities from each other and totheir estrangement and were in direct contraven-tion of the decisions of the Assembly and theCouncil.

In addition, the USSR, as well as Bulgaria andthe Byelorussian SSR, reiterated the charge thatresponsibility for the events lay with certain circlesof the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)that were attempting to use Cyprus for their mil-itary and strategic purposes. China, on the otherhand, stated that the external cause for the lackof a satisfactory solution was to be found in the


attempts of the two super-powers to put the islandunder their own influence and control.

On the future shape of the negotiating process,many members, including Costa Rica, Guyana,Italy, Mauritania, Romania and the United Re-public of Tanzania, stressed the importance ofsolving the problems of Cyprus within the termsof the United Nations resolutions on the matter.Those resolutions still constituted an acceptableframework for the resumption of negotiations,Mauritania said. The principles adumbrated inthose resolutions remained as valid in 1975 as theywere when adopted, Guyana said. New measureshad to be considered to ensure their implementa-tion and a resumption of the intercommunal talks,in Guyana's view. Guyana and the United Repub-lic of Tanzania were in favour of imposing a time-limit for that purpose.

Many members spoke in favour of a new andenhanced role for the Secretary-General in the in-tercommunal talks. The United States said thatthe Secretary-General's statement that he was pre-pared to facilitate the continuation of talks undernew conditions and procedures provided legitimatehope for further progress. Sweden said it wishedto explore with other members the possibilities ofenlarging the role of the Secretary-General. TheUnited Kingdom said that a new impetus in whichthe Secretary-General himself was directly involved—with the backing of the Security Council—would have its whole-hearted support. Japan sug-gested that consideration might be given to re-activating the talks at a place outside Cyprus.Japan also thought it important that the Secretary-General be requested to report back promptly tothe Security Council on the results of negotiations.

The USSR, Bulgaria and the Byelorussian SSRreiterated their view that there was a deliberateattempt to keep the United Nations outside direct,active participation in the settlement of the crisis.They spoke in favour of a representative interna-tional conference within the United Nations frame-work to find a settlement. They also advocated thedispatch of a Council mission to Cyprus to ac-quaint itself with the situation and to report tothe Council.

A number of Council members referred to theneed to terminate foreign interference in the af-fairs of Cyprus. The Byelorussian SSR said thatthe Security Council should take new steps to calla halt to all foreign intervention and to bringabout the withdrawal of all armed forces and for-eign military personnel from Cyprus. The UnitedRepublic of Tanzania also called for the imme-diate withdrawal of all foreign forces from Cyprus.The United Republic of Cameroon was of the

view that such a withdrawal was an essential pre-condition for the continuation by the parties ofnegotiations which were genuinely free and on afooting of equality, and it advocated the elabora-tion by the Council of a formula on practical ar-rangements to that end.

Several members emphasized the urgency of find-ing a solution to the humanitarian problem ofthe refugees. France referred to the special im-portance that the members of EEC attached to thepainful question of the refugees, a question affect-ing about one third of the population of theisland. This was a humanitarian question, Francesaid, but also a political one, which if it was notsolved could degenerate into a serious interna-tional problem. Japan and Sweden were amongthose members which stressed that the solution ofthe humanitarian problems could not wait untilthere was agreement on the form the continuednegotiations should take.

On 12 March 1975, the President of the SecurityCouncil presented a draft resolution which hadbeen prepared in the course of protracted consul-tations; it was adopted by the Council, without avote, as resolution 367(1975).

By the preambular paragraphs of the resolution,the Council expressed its deep concern at the con-tinuation of the crisis in Cyprus, recalled its pre-vious resolutions—in particular its endorsement inDecember 19744 of General Assembly resolution3212(XXIX)—and noted the absence of progresstowards their implementation.

By the operative paragraphs, the Council calledonce more on all States to respect the sovereignty,territorial integrity, independence and non-alignment of Cyprus, and to refrain from anyaction which might prejudice that position, aswell as from any attempt at partition or unifica-tion of the island with any other country. TheCouncil regretted the unilateral decision declaringthat part of the Republic of Cyprus would become"a Federated Turkish State," which tended tocompromise the continuation of negotiations be-tween the two communities on an equal footing.It also affirmed that that decision did not prejudgethe final political settlement and took note of thedeclaration that that was not its intention.

The Council further: called for urgent and effec-tive implementation of Assembly resolution 3212(XXIX); requested the Secretary-General accord-ingly to undertake a new mission of good offices,to convene the parties under new agreed proce-dures and to place himself personally at theirdisposal so as to facilitate the resumption of com-

4 See footnote 2.


prehensive negotiations under his personal aus-pices and with his direction as appropriate; calledupon the representatives of the two communitiesto co-operate closely with him; called on all theparties concerned to refrain from any action whichmight jeopardize the negotiations; requested theSecretary-General to keep the Council informedof the progress made and to report to it wheneverhe considered it appropriate and, in any case, be-fore 15 June 1975; and decided to remain activelyseized of the matter.

(For text of resolution 367(1975), see DOCUMEN-TARY REFERENCES below.)

Following the vote, statements were made byall the members of the Council and the partiesconcerned. Many speakers, including Japan, Swe-den and the United States, expressed satisfactionat the compromise which had been reached. Francebelieved that the resolution offered a reasonableand practical basis for the resumption of negotia-tions and underlined the contribution made byFrance, Italy and the United Kingdom, workingin harmony with the other members of EEC, tothe wording of the text. Italy believed the resolu-tion was fair and did not jeopardize any funda-mental position or interest of the parties con-cerned.

The United Kingdom said that the final texthad met the main requirement for a new negotiat-ing framework permitting the direct involvementof the Secretary-General. Many members spoke infavour of the increased role entrusted to theSecretary-General in the conduct of the intercom-munal talks, including Costa Rica, Guyana, Japanand Mauritania.

A number of speakers, however, expressed dis-appointment at the weakness of the text and saidthey would have preferred a clearer draft devoidof unnecessary ambiguities and containing strongerlanguage. These speakers included Guyana, SaudiArabia, the United Republic of Tanzania, and theUSSR. The USSR criticized the text in particularfor its lack of clarity on the question of the re-sumption of talks and the exact role the Secretary-General was to play. The USSR, supported by theByelorussian SSR, continued to believe that a justand lasting solution could be found only througha broad and representative international forum.

China supported the resolution because it wasbasically in accord with Assembly resolution 3212(XXIX). China hoped that the parties concerned,while firmly doing away with super-power inter-vention, would resume negotiations speedily andarrive at a reasonable settlement.

The representative of Greece had no difficultyin accepting everything in the resolution butregretted what had been left out.

Mr. Celik said that the reference in the resolu-tion to a Government of Cyprus made the reso-lution unacceptable. However, Mr. Celik con-tinued, since the resolution embodied the basicprinciples of Assembly resolution 3212(XXIX),the Turkish Cypriots were ready to continuenegotiations.

Mr. Clerides, on behalf of Cyprus, regrettedthat less than fully effective measures had beenadopted. Cyprus was willing to follow the con-sensus without believing that the measures weresufficient to protect its independence. Nevertheless,Cyprus would co-operate with the Secretary-General, Mr. Clerides said, in an effort to givea new momentum to the talks.

The representative of Turkey reiterated theview that there was no Government of Cyprusand no effort should be spared to establish onein the future. The reference to a Government ofCyprus was unacceptable for Turkey, he said, butthe Turkish side stood ready to hold discussionswith the Secretary-General.

Communications (20 February-15 June 1975)Communications concerning the military devel-

opments in Cyprus, the condition of the inhabi-tants on the island, and the political issues affect-ing a settlement of the problems were addressedto the Secretary-General mainly by Cyprus andTurkey during the period from February toJune 1975.

With regard to military developments, the rep-resentative of Cyprus, in a letter of 24 February,contended that Turkish forces had violated thecease-fire by advancing 100 metres towards thevillage of Athienou. A similar protest was madeby the representative of Greece in a letter of thesame date. A further letter from the Greek rep-resentative on 4 March reported a further advanceby Turkish troops in the region of the village ofPano Zodia.

In letters dated 30 April, 8 and 10 May and6 June, the representative of Cyprus charged thatTurkey had committed a series of violations ofthe air space of the Republic between 30 Apriland 5 June, creating fear and tension among thepopulation.

In commenting on those charges, the representa-tive of Turkey, on 2 and 21 May, stated that nocomplaint regarding overflights had been registeredwith Turkey by the Turkish Cypriot authoritiesadministering the area affected by the violationsalleged by the representative of Cyprus, and thatthe latter did not have the capacity to express thefeelings of the Turkish Cypriot population there.In addition, he charged that the National Guardin Cyprus had fired on Turkish Cypriot positions


on 19 occasions between 12 April and 10 May.The representative of Turkey also transmitted,on 6 June, a letter from Nail Atalay, "ActingRepresentative of the Turkish Federated State ofCyprus," enclosing a letter from Mr. Denktashwhich stated that the Turkish jet fighters re-ferred to had not violated the air space of Cyprus,inasmuch as the flights in question had been madeover the territory of the "Turkish Federated Stateof Cyprus" with its full knowledge and consent.

There were a considerable number of com-munications concerning the situation in the areaof Cyprus under Turkish control. In letters dated24 February, 18 and 25 April and 19 and 21 May,and in a note verbale dated 11 June, the repre-sentative of Cyprus charged that the TurkishCypriot authorities were forcibly expelling GreekCypriots from their homes and forcing them tomove to the south; the Greek Cypriots were beingdesignated aliens in their own country anddeprived of their rights, he stated, and the demo-graphic composition of Cyprus was being sys-tematically altered by the massive transfer of pop-ulation from the Turkish mainland to the northernpart of the island. The Cypriot representativealso charged that the Turkish Cypriot authoritieswere usurping the property of the Greek Cypriots;factories, hotels and restaurants in the occupiedareas were being confiscated and offered to for-eigners for lease, and machinery and the personalproperty of Greek Cypriots were being shippedto Turkey. The Cypriot representative transmittedon 21 and 22 February, respectively, letters fromthe Committee of Relatives of Isolated Personsin the Karpas Region of Cyprus and from thePancyprian Committee for Refugees appealing tothe United Nations to implement its resolutionsand take preventive measures.

Communications of 26 February, 22 April, 2 and9 May and 9 June, also dealing with the con-dition of the inhabitants of Cyprus and theirproperty, were received from the representative ofTurkey. One, of 2 May, was a reply to lettersfrom the representative of Cyprus, stating theTurkish view that Turkish Cypriots had long beendenied both citizens' and human rights by theGreek Cypriot administration, and that Turkishcitizens should have free access to Cyprus just asthe Greeks had had. The others transmitted letters:from Mr. Celik, charging the Greek Cypriots withtaking oppressive measures against the TurkishCypriots in the south; from the Cyprus TurkishTrade Unions Federation and from the CyprusTurkish Farmers Union supporting the establish-ment of a federal Turkish state of Cyprus; fromMr. Atalay, forwarding a message from the Com-mittee of Turkish Cypriot Women protesting their

treatment at the hands of Greek Cypriots over theyears; from Necdet Unel, "Acting President of theTurkish Federated State of Cyprus," protestingmeasures used by the Greek Cypriot side to pre-vent Turkish Cypriots in the south of Cyprusfrom crossing to the north and requesting theSecretary-General's help for the removal of thoserestrictions; and from Mr. Atalay forwarding aletter from Mr. Denktash, rejecting as unfoundedthe charges of the Greek Cypriots that they werebeing deliberately expelled from the north ofCyprus and that Turks were emigrating from Tur-key in order to change the demographic characterof the island. Mr. Denktash stated that TurkishCypriots had been forced to abandon their homesand property on several occasions prior to 1974,that Turkish technicians were coming to Cypruson a temporary basis, and that the return ofrefugees was a matter to be settled within theframework of a final solution of the Cyprus prob-lem.

With regard to political issues, letters dated 28February, 10 April and 2, 21, 28 and 29 May weresent by the representative of Turkey. Two—of 10April and 28 May respectively—protested againstcharges of racial discrimination presented to theCommittee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimi-nation by the representative of Cyprus at a timewhen the talks between the two communities ofCyprus were to be resumed, and at the letter-publishing campaign waged by the same repre-sentative while those talks were being held. By theletter of 28 February, a letter from Mr. Denktashwas transmitted protesting the claim of the dele-gation headed by Mr. Clerides at the SecurityCouncil, during its discussion of Cyprus, to repre-sent Cyprus as a whole.

The Turkish representative also forwarded threecommunications from Mr. Atalay: two giving hisview of the constitutional status of the Republicof Cyprus and the establishment of the "TurkishFederated State of Cyprus" and one transmitting aletter from Mr. Denktash protesting the presenceof Archbishop Makarios at the CommonwealthHeads of Government Meeting in Jamaica inApril/May 1975, the use by the Greek Cypriots ofthe refugee problem as a political tool, and theprovocative sloganeering by leaders of the GreekCypriot National Guard.

On 21 and 28 February, 15 and 28 May and 9and 10 June, communications also dealing withpolitical issues were received from the representa-tive of Cyprus. He protested the commencementof air services from an airfield at Tymbou, Cyprus,renamed "Ercan Airport" by the so-called "au-tonomous Turkish Cypriot administration" andasked all countries to take measures to prevent


their airlines from operating services there or hav-ing any dealings with the illegal so-called "CyprusTurkish Airlines."

The Cypriot representative also protested againstthe deliberate misnomer of the Republic of Cyprusas the "Federated Turkish State of the Republic ofCyprus." He also protested the circulation of let-ters signed by Mr. Atalay as "Acting Representa-tive of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus"and by Dr. Unel as "Acting President," statingthat the basic premise of the Constitution ofCyprus of 1960 was that of an integrated State andthat no federation existed. The representative ofCyprus asked that the representative of Turkey, ifhe persisted in acting as though a separate Stateexisted in Cyprus, should define its geographiclimits and population. He charged that the circu-lation by Turkey of such letters purporting toemanate from a non-existent source further aggra-vated a deliberate misrepresentation of fact preju-dicial to the territorial integrity and independenceof Cyprus, a State Member of the United Nations.

The Cypriot representative also protested againstthe holding, on 8 June 1975, of a "referendum"purporting to ratify the "constitution" of thepseudo "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus." Itwas a demonstration of defiance of internationallegal order and relevant United Nations resolu-tions, he said, and such action, taken at the verytime when intercommunal talks were being heldin Vienna, was added manifestation of the in-transigence and bad faith of the Turkish side. Inaddition, the Cypriot representative forwarded aletter from the Cyprus Refugee Committee alsoprotesting against the "constitution."

On 10 March, the representative of Mongoliatransmitted the text of a statement issued by hisMinistry of Foreign Affairs following the uni-lateral decision of the Turkish Cypriots to estab-lish a "federated state," an action which he claimedhad been instigated by certain NATO circles.

On 21 March, in a letter addressed to Govern-ments of States Members of the United Nations andmembers of the specialized agencies, the Secretary-General issued a further appeal for voluntary con-tributions for the financing of the United NationsPeace-keeping Force in Cyprus. He stated that theaccumulated deficit for the period through 15 De-cember 1974 stood at $21.5 million, and it wasestimated that $13.7 million would be requiredto maintain the Force during the six-month periodfrom then until 15 June 1975. Unfortunately,voluntary contributions had failed to keep up withthe increased requirements, he stated. In view ofthe Security Council's decision of 12 March thatnew efforts should be undertaken to assist theresumption of negotiations (see above), the Secre-

tary-General stressed that the necessary supportfrom member States was all the more important.

Reports of Secretary-General(May and June 1975)

On 4 May 1975, the Secretary-General sub-mitted an interim report to the Security Councilin connexion with the new mission of good officesentrusted to him by the Council's decision of 12March (resolution 367(1975)). In the report he in-formed the Council of the first round of negotia-tions which had taken place under his auspicesbetween the two Cypriot communities in Viennafrom 28 April to 3 May 1975. Annexed to thereport was the text of an agreed communiquéwhich was issued on 3 May.

The communiqué stated that the talks had beenheld in a friendly atmosphere; there had been anexchange of views on the powers and functions ofthe central Government and it had been agreedthat an expert committee of the two parties wouldexamine detailed proposals and report back to thenegotiators at their next meeting in Vienna. Therehad also been a detailed examination of the ques-tion of displaced persons and of the geographicalaspects of a possible future settlement in Cyprus.On the question of missing persons, both sides hadagain affirmed that they were not holding un-declared prisoners of war or other detainees.Agreement had also been reached in principle onthe reopening of Nicosia international airportwhich would, as a first measure, be repaired by theUnited Nations.

Information on the second round of talks heldunder the auspices of the Secretary-General wasincorporated in the Secretary-General's regular re-port on the United Nations operation in Cypruscovering the period from 6 December 1974 to 9June 1975, which was issued on 9 June. The reportstated that following the talks, which took placein Vienna from 5 to 7 June, a communiqué hadbeen issued which reported that further views hadbeen expressed by the two sides on the powers andfunctions of the central Government of a federalState of Cyprus, and the possibility of a transi-tional federal government had also been suggested.The Secretary-General observed that a deadlockover the fundamental basis of a settlement per-sisted, one side wishing first to establish the powersand functions of the central Government, and theother wishing first to clarify the territorial aspectsof a future settlement.

In addition to information about the intercom-munal talks, the report on the United Nationsoperation in Cyprus provided up-to-date detailsabout the composition and deployment of UNFICYPand its operations in maintaining surveillance over


the cease-fire. The Secretary-General reported that733 of the reinforcements provided by Canada andthe United Kingdom in connexion with the eventsof July and August 1974 had been withdrawn, ashad the Danish unit of the United Nations civilianpolice force. He also reported the killing in anexchange of fire of a Canadian soldier on 31March.

Since March, there had been a noticeable de-cline in the number of daily shooting violations,the report stated, but more such incidents had in-volved cases of shooting at UNFICYP troops. Pro-tests had been lodged. During the six monthscovered by the report, there had also been 57breaches of the cease-fire by movement forward ofthe positions held on 16 August 1974—10 causedby the National Guard, the others attributed tothe Turkish forces. Although mine-laying by bothsides had decreased, its wide-scale use remained amatter of concern. The freedom of movement ofUNFICYP was restricted in the northern part of theisland, although teams distributing relief suppliesand money, or visiting villages to check on thewell-being of Greek Cypriots, had been allowedcontrolled access under Turkish military escort. Inthe southern areas UNFICYP continued to have com-plete freedom of movement.

In the report, the Secretary-General also re-viewed the humanitarian and economic situationon the island and the activities of the United Na-tions in providing assistance to both sides. At therequest of the Secretary-General, the United Na-tions High Commissioner for Refugees was con-tinuing his role as Co-ordinator of United Nationshumanitarian assistance to the island. The reportreferred to the meetings of the Sub-Committee onHumanitarian Matters, set up by Mr. Clerides andMr. Denktash, and its achievements, and to theactivities of the adviser for the cultural heritage ofCyprus, who had been appointed by the UnitedNations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Orga-nization in accordance with an agreement betweenthe parties.

With regard to the financial aspects of UNFICYP,the Secretary-General noted the insufficiency ofvoluntary contributions and the resulting antici-pated deficit of $33.8 million as of 15 June 1975and expressed his intention to try to achieve afurther reduction of the total strength of UNFICYP.The over-all situation on the island was unstableand potentially dangerous and would remain sounless and until an agreed settlement of the basicproblems could be reached, the Secretary-Generalreported; it seemed to him that the negotiatingprocess between the community representativesshould be maintained and, if possible, accelerated.The Secretary-General considered the continued

presence of UNFICYP to be essential, not only tomaintain the cease-fire but to facilitate the searchfor a peaceful settlement; he recommended theextension of the Force's mandate for a furtherperiod of six months.

Consideration by the SecurityCouncil (13 and 16 June 1975)

The Security Council met on 13 June 1975 toconsider the report of the Secretary-General on theUnited Nations peace-keeping operation in Cyprus.Cyprus, Greece and Turkey were invited, at theirrequest, to participate in the discussion without theright to vote. The Council also extended an invi-tation to Mr. Celik, representative of the TurkishCypriot community, to participate and make astatement.

In accordance with an agreement reached in ad-vance, the Security Council began its meeting byadopting a resolution, the text of which had beenworked out during prior consultations amongmembers of the Council. By the preambular partof the text, the Council noted: that the presenceof UNFICYP continued to be needed in Cyprus; thatthe Secretary-General had advised that the nego-tiating process should be maintained and, if pos-sible, accelerated; that the parties concerned hadsignified their concurrence in a six-month exten-sion of the mandate of UNFICYP; and that theGovernment of Cyprus had agreed to that exten-sion.

By the operative part, the Council: reaffirmedthe provisions of its resolutions and decisionsadopted since 1964 on the establishment and main-tenance of UNFICYP and other aspects of thesituation in Cyprus; reaffirmed once again itsendorsement of the Assembly's decision of 1 No-vember 1974 (resolution 3212(XXIX)),5 and calledfor the urgent and effective implementation ofthose decisions and of its resolution 367(1975) of12 March (see above); urged the parties concernedto act with the utmost restraint; extended the sta-tioning in Cyprus of UNFICYP for a further periodending on 15 December 1975 in the expectationthat by then sufficient progress towards a finalsolution would make possible a withdrawal orsubstantial reduction of the Force; appealed againto the parties to extend their full co-operation toUNFICYP; and requested the Secretary-General tocontinue the mission of good offices entrusted tohim, to keep the Security Council informed of theprogress made, and to submit an interim report by15 September 1975 and a definitive report not laterthan 15 December 1975.

The resolution was adopted as resolution

5 See footnote 3.


370(1975) by a vote of 14 to 0, with China not par-ticipating in the vote.

(For text of resolution, see DOCUMENTARY REF-ERENCES below.)

Statements were then made. The Secretary-Gen-eral assured the Council that he would continue todo his best to achieve progress in the talks butadded that he did not wish to conceal his concernover the absence of substantive progress.

There was widespread agreement that the con-tinued presence of UNFICYP was needed not onlyto maintain the cease-fire but to facilitate thesearch for a peaceful settlement. A number ofmembers, including France, pointed out that theGovernment of Cyprus and all the parties con-cerned were in favour of its maintenance. Guyana,Italy and Sweden were among the many memberswhich praised the work which UNFICYP had done.

Japan and the United Republic of Tanzania,among others, emphasized that the extension ofUNFICYP'S mandate should not be used to drag outthe negotiations indefinitely. The United King-dom, noting that it provided the largest singlecontingent of the Force, welcomed the Secretary-General's statement that he would make a reduc-tion in the strength of UNFICYP as soon as possibleand urged that the size of the Force be kept undercontinuous review.

The Byelorussian SSR and the USSR said thatthey did not object to the extension of the man-date in view of the fact that the Government ofCyprus had agreed to it, but reiterated their caveatthat the voluntary basis of the financing of theForce be maintained.

Costa Rica and the United Kingdom, amongothers, expressed their concern at the shooting atUNFICYP soldiers. The parties had an obligation,the United Kingdom said, to do their utmost tofacilitate UNFICYP'S task and to co-operate with itin the performance of its duties. In addition,France, Sweden and the United Republic ofCameroon appealed to the parties to place norestrictions on UNFICYP, particularly with regard tofreedom of movement in the exercise of its func-tions.

Many members shared the concern of the Secre-tary-General about the lack of progress in thetalks, including Italy, the USSR, the United King-dom and the United Republic of Cameroon. Italymentioned in particular the continuing plight ofthe displaced persons on the island. France,Guyana, Iraq and the United Republic of Tan-zania appealed to the parties to co-operate withthe Secretary-General in his mission of good offices.The United Republic of Cameroon, among others,called on the parties to refrain from taking anymeasures likely to result in the failure of the aims

sought by the Security Council. The United Statesstressed the paramount importance of reaching asettlement through free negotiations among theparties themselves, and Mauritania urged the par-ties to redouble their efforts to promote a climateof confidence.

The Byelorussian SSR and the USSR calledagain for the Cyprus problem to be considerednot within narrow NATO circles but in a broadinternational forum within the framework of theUnited Nations.

China said it was in favour of that part of theresolution which called for the implementation ofthe Security Council's decision of 12 March 1975,but in view of its well-known position of principleon the question of United Nations forces, Chinahad not participated in the vote. It hoped that thetwo communities and the parties concerned wouldstrive for an early and reasonable settlement ofthe Cyprus question while doing away with super-power intervention.

The representative of Greece expressed appre-ciation of the work done by UNFICYP. He saidthat 40 per cent of the island was still undermilitary occupation by a foreign power and onethird of the Greek Cypriot population were refu-gees. He drew attention to the need for the inter-communal negotiations to be conducted in goodfaith and criticized the organization of the so-calledreferendum in the northern part of the island.Furthermore, he said, such an action was not inaccord with the expressions of goodwill made bythe Turkish and Greek Prime Ministers at themeeting they had in Brussels, Belgium, on 31 May.

Mr. Celik said that the reference in the resolu-tion to the Government of Cyprus was unaccept-able as there was no government representing bothsides. Mr. Denktash had given his consent to theextension of UNFICYP'S mandate, he said, and theywould continue to co-operate with UNFICYP andhelp make its operation a success.

The representative of Turkey stressed that theextension of the mandate of UNFICYP enjoyed itssupport since the "Turkish Federated State" hadgiven its consent to it, although Turkey disso-ciated itself from any reference to a CyprusGovernment. Turning to the intercommunal talks,he called attention to the proposals of the TurkishCypriot side for a transitional government ofCyprus as an important development, as was,in his view, the reactivation of high-level talksbetween Greece and Turkey.

Mr. Clerides, on behalf of Cyprus, referred tofaits accomplis by Turkey and the Turkish Cyp-riots, such as the unilateral declaration and the"referendum," which, if they continued, wouldmake it impossible to find a solution to the


Cyprus problem. Turkey had given no indicationthat it was prepared to comply with earlier reso-lutions, he said, and there was ample evidencethat by a series of calculated acts an attempt wasbeing made to create a new situation in Cyprus,in which the island would be colonized by Turksfrom the mainland.

On 16 June, Mr. Clerides, in a further statementon behalf of Cyprus, recalled that Turkish forcescontinued to occupy 40 per cent of Cyprus andhad prevented the return of Greek Cypriot refu-gees to their homes. How could there be freenegotiations, he asked, when there were 43,000Turkish troops in Cyprus, when the Turkish armyrefused freedom of movement to UNFICYP, whenGreek Cypriots continued to be evicted from theirhomes? The Council, in its desire to compromise,was compromising the very existence of Cyprus,Mr. Clerides stated; if there was no progress, theCouncil should take another close look at thesituation and act decisively before the indepen-dence of Cyprus was totally destroyed.

Mr. Celik said that serious and constructivenegotiations were continuing between the twosides. The Turkish Cypriot side was negotiatingabout federation, he said, and that meant politicalequality for the two national communities on theisland. He regretted that the other side could notabandon the 80 per cent/20 per cent (GreekCypriot/Turkish Cypriot) complex for the island.Mr. Celik asked whether the Greek Cypriotsaccepted the principle of a biregional solutionand the principle of political equality, becauseuntil those fundamental issues were cleared up,meaningful negotiations could not proceed. Thehumanitarian problem and the question of thewithdrawal of Turkish troops would be settledwithout difficulty once a peaceful settlement, re-storing peace, security and confidence, had beenreached, he said.

Communications (15 June-31 August 1975)A number of communications were received

from Cyprus and Turkey on military, political andconstitutional, and social and humanitarian issuesduring June, July and August 1975.

On military issues, the representative of Cyprussubmitted letters on 16, 20, 23, 26 and 27 June,and on 3, 9 and 17 July, in which he protestedviolations by Turkish military aircraft of the airspace of the Republic of Cyprus between 14 Juneand 16 July, causing considerable apprehensionand tension among the civilian population.

On 22 July, the representative of Turkey for-warded a letter from Mr. Atalay transmitting aletter from Mr. Denktash which stated that Turk-ish reconnaissance aircraft had flown over the ter-

ritory of the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus"with the full consent and approval of the author-ities of that state. In a letter dated 8 July, therepresentative of Turkey denied allegations of theGreek Cypriot side that Turkey was preparing forfurther military action and claimed that such falserumours were aimed at inciting public opinionagainst Turkey and served as a cover-up for armsimportations by the Greek Cypriots and reinforce-ment of the National Guard.

On political and constitutional issues, the repre-sentative of Cyprus, on 15 June, charged that the"referendum" on the so-called "constitution" or-ganized in the northern part of Cyprus on 8 Junewas aimed at destroying the independence, sov-ereignty, and territorial integrity of the Republicof Cyprus. The clear aim of the "constitution"was to link the occupied part of Cyprus withTurkey, he stated, and deprive Greek Cypriots oftheir human and political rights. Turkish actionsconstituted a serious provocation against the talks,against the international community and againstall efforts for the solution of the Cyprus problem,he concluded.

Those charges were rejected in a communicationfrom Mr. Denktash, forwarded by the representa-tive of Turkey on 21 July under cover of a letterfrom Mr. Atalay. Mr. Denktash argued that thereferendum was the natural and legal consequenceof the proclamation of the "Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus." It did not jeopardize the talks,he stated, since the constitution left the door openfor an agreed political settlement based on a bi-regional federation. The real threat to the talkscame from the malicious Greek Cypriot propa-ganda campaign and the infiltration of Greekweapons and personnel into Cyprus, he claimed.

In a letter dated 22 July, the representative ofTurkey transmitted a further letter from Mr.Atalay enclosing the Turkish Cypriot proposalsfor a transitional joint government of Cyprus,which enumerated certain basic principles, in-cluding the concept of the Republic as an inde-pendent, territorially integral and biregional fed-eral State in which the two national communitieswould have equal rights and powers in all spheresand in every respect.

On 24 August, the Turkish representative trans-mitted a further letter from Mr. Denktash inwhich he referred to the progress made on human-itarian issues at the third round of intercommunaltalks in Vienna, and expressed his opposition tothe violation by the Greek Cypriots of the termsof reference of those talks by the Greek Cypriotcommunity's application to the European Com-mission of Human Rights of the Council of Eu-rope to consider humanitarian problems in Cyprus.


Mr. Denktash requested the Secretary-General todirect the Greek Cypriots to withdraw their appli-cation.

Letters from the representative of Cyprus on 1,2, 11, 12, 18, 21 and 26 July and 1 August con-cerned social and humanitarian matters. Theletters charged that Turkey had intensified theprocess of colonization in the north of the islandby forcibly expelling the indigenous Greek Cyp-riot population and by massively importing andsettling people from Turkey. They further chargedthe misappropriation of movable and immovableGreek Cypriot private property. Far from heedingthe Security Council's call to act with the utmostrestraint and take urgent measures for the returnof all the refugees to their homes in safety, theletters stated, Turkey proceeded relentlessly andsystematically to alter the demographic compositionof Cyprus and to solidify its hold over the area itoccupied. On 25 July, the Cypriot representativetransmitted extracts from a letter from the Secre-tary-General of the International Commission ofJurists about the restoration of freedom of move-ment in Cyprus.

The representative of Turkey on 24 June, on1, 3, 9 and 22 July and on 4 August transmittedletters from Mr. Atalay, some covering letters fromMr. Denktash, Dr. Unel and the Committee ofTurkish Cypriot Women, on social and humani-tarian matters. The letters stated, among otherthings: that there was no planned expulsion ofGreek Cypriots from the north of the island andthe limited number of Greek Cypriots who hadbeen sent to the south had earlier applied for per-mission to do so; that the charge of massive im-portation of Turkish nationals was a distortion ofthe facts; that the temporary allocation of aban-doned properties in the north was being madesolely to preserve and maintain them and thatsuch allocations did not transfer ownership in anyway; and that some 10,000 Turkish Cypriots in thesouth who wished to reunite with their families inthe north were being forcibly detained and thatthose who had been caught trying to cross to theTurkish Cypriot region in the north had beenbrutally treated by the Greek Cypriots.

By a letter dated 14 July 1975, addressed toGovernments of States Members of the UnitedNations and members of the specialized agencies,the Secretary-General issued a further appeal forvoluntary contributions for the financing ofUNFICYP. He stated that the accumulated deficitfor the period ending on 15 June 1975 stood at$33.8 million and that it was estimated that $13.4million would be required to maintain the Forceduring the following six-month period. He statedthat contributions were all the more important in

view of the Security Council's decision of 12March that the negotiating process should bemaintained and that his mission of good officesshould continue.

Reports of Secretary-General(August and September 1975)

On 5 August 1975, the Secretary-General sub-mitted an interim report to the Security Councilin pursuance of the mission of good offices en-trusted to him by Council decisions of 12 Marchand 13 June 1975 (see above). In the report heinformed the Council of the third round of talkswhich had taken place in Vienna from 31 July to2 August between the representatives of the GreekCypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities, underhis auspices. Annexed to his report was the textof the agreed press communique issued on 2August at the close of the talks.

The communique noted that preliminary dis-cussions on the powers and functions of a federalGovernment and on the geographical aspects of afuture Cyprus settlement had taken place and thatthe interlocutors would hold private talks on thegeographical aspects in preparation for the fourthround of talks to be held in New York in Septem-ber. In addition it had been agreed: that the Turk-ish Cypriots in the south of the island would beallowed to proceed to the north with UNFICYPassistance; that Greek Cypriots in the north wouldbe free to stay and would be given every help tolead a normal life, including freedom of move-ment in the north; that those Greek Cypriots whowished to move south would be free to do so; thatthe United Nations would have free and normalaccess to Greek Cypriot villages in the north; andthat priority would be given to the reunificationof families, which might involve the transfer of anumber of Greek Cypriots from the south to thenorth. Both sides had affirmed that they were notholding undeclared prisoners of war, but agreedto facilitate searches. The two sides had also de-clared that the Nicosia international airport, hav-ing been repaired, could be used, as a first step,by the United Nations for its needs.

In an interim report submitted at the conclusionof the fourth round of talks held in New Yorkfrom 8 to 10 September, the Secretary-Generalcirculated the text of a press communique whichstated that the Secretary-General had had exten-sive consultations with Mr. Clerides and Mr.Denktash and that a formal meeting had beenheld on 10 September. In the absence of concreteproposals, however, the talks had been adjourned,but the Secretary-General was going to remain incontact with the parties with regard to futureaction.


On 13 September the Secretary-General sub-mitted another interim report on the intercom-munal talks, and in particular on the progressmade on the implementation of the agreementsreached during the third round in Vienna. As of7 September 1975, the Secretary-General stated,8,033 Turkish Cypriots had been moved northwith UNFICYP assistance; 296 Greek Cypriots hadbeen returned to the north, and 149 had gone tothe south. There had been a limited improvementin the living conditions of Greek Cypriots in thenorth, there had been some progress in providingfree access by UNFICYP to Greek Cypriot villagesand homes in the north, and four liaison postshad been established for the purpose in the Karpasregion.

The private talks between the interlocutors onthe geographical aspects of a settlement, which ithad been agreed would be held, had not takenplace, the Secretary-General stated, and proposalsexpected by Mr. Clerides had not been forthcom-ing. The Secretary-General reaffirmed his convic-tion that, although no further progress had beenmade at the fourth round, negotiations held inpursuance of the Security Council's resolutions of12 March and 13 June 1975 still provided the bestmethod by which progress could be made towardsa settlement. He further appealed to all concernedto refrain from actions which might either pre-judge the negotiating process or render it moredifficult.

Communications (1 September-31 October 1975)By a letter dated 16 September 1975, the repre-

sentative of Cyprus requested that the questionof Cyprus be included as an item in the agenda ofthe thirtieth (1975) session of the General As-sembly. The explanatory memorandum attachedto his letter reviewed the events of the precedingyear and accused Turkey of evading its respon-sibilities under Security Council and General As-sembly resolutions. It stated that it had becomeclear that the Turkish side had no intention ofnegotiating seriously and that it had used the fourrounds of intercommunal talks to gain time tocontinue its arbitrary acts and strengthen itsillegal military hold over the Republic of Cyprus.It was self-evident, the memorandum stated, thatin those circumstances negotiations could not beconducted freely.

On 18 September, the representative of Turkeyforwarded a letter from Mr. Celik in reply. Mr.Celik contested the right of Zenon Rossides, thePermanent Representative of Cyprus to the UnitedNations, to make such a request for or on behalfof Cyprus or to represent the Turkish Cypriotcommunity. He reviewed the events of the pre-

ceding year from the Turkish Cypriot point ofview and stressed that Turkey's intervention inCyprus had been legitimate and justified. He ac-cused the Greek Cypriot side of not honouring theagreements reached at Vienna and causing thedeadlock in the talks by not responding to theTurkish Cypriot proposals on a joint transitionalgovernment and on the structure and powers ofthe central Government of a federal Cypriot State.

Further communications were sent by the repre-sentative of Turkey on 2 and 6 October on thequestion of the representation of Cyprus at theUnited Nations. Under cover of letters from Mr.Atalay, a letter from Mr. Denktash, and the textsof telegrams from the Cyprus Turkish Journalists'Association, the Committee of Turkish CypriotWomen, the Turkish Cypriot Mental Health Asso-ciation and the Turkish Press Club were trans-mitted, protesting against Archbishop Makariosaddressing the General Assembly as the Presidentof Cyprus, and claiming that neither he nor Mr.Rossides represented the Turkish Cypriots.

By further letters dated 6 October, the repre-sentative of Turkey rejected—and forwarded aletter from Mr. Atalay rejecting—statements onCyprus made by Greece in a communication tothe Secretary-General under the Assembly's agendaitem on the implementation of the Declarationon the Strengthening of International Security(see p. 101).

On social and humanitarian issues, by a letterdated 22 September the representative of Cyprustransmitted to the President of the General As-sembly, on behalf of a committee of Cypriot wo-men claiming to represent the 200,000 refugeesof Cyprus, a declaration on the plight of thosedisplaced from their homes and lands, entreatingthe Assembly to take urgent and effective measuresto implement its 1974 decision which demandedthe return of all refugees to their homes in con-ditions of safety.

In letters dated 17 and 27 October, the repre-sentative of Cyprus charged that the Greek Cypriotswere suffering inhuman treatment in the occupiedpart of Cyprus, including being assaulted, arrestedor having restrictions placed on their movements.He accused Turkey again of colonizing the northby the massive importation of people from themainland with the objective of altering the demo-graphic character of the island.

The Turkish representative on 24 October for-warded a letter from Mr. Celik in reply, rejectingthese allegations as unfounded. The Greek Cypriotsin the north were living a normal life, he stated,and were enjoying full freedom of movementwithin that region. There was no massive impor-tation of people from Turkey, he continued;


Turkish nationals were being imported only asguest workers on a temporary basis to meet theimmediate needs of the economy.

In a note on 18 September, the Secretary-Gen-eral informed the Council that he had acceded tothe request of his Special Representative in Cyprus,Luis Weckmann-Muñoz (Mexico), to be relievedof his post and had appointed Ambassador JavierPérez de Cuéllar (Peru) as his new Special Repre-sentative. Ambassador Pérez de Cuéllar would takeup his post on 15 October 1975.

Consideration by the General AssemblyOn 19 and 22 September 1975, the General

Assembly, on the recommendation of its GeneralCommittee, decided to include in its agenda theitem on Cyprus, as requested by the representativeof that country, and to consider it in plenary meet-ings.

On 30 September, the Assembly also decidedby consensus to ask the Special Political Committeeto meet to allow the representatives of the twoCypriot communities to express their views.

The Assembly met on 11 November and hearda statement by the representative of Cyprus. On12 November, the Special Political Committee heldtwo meetings at which it heard statements byTassos Papadopoulos, representative of the GreekCypriot community, by Vedat A. Celik, represen-tative of the Turkish Cypriot community, and bythe representatives of Cyprus, Greece and Turkey.

The Assembly then resumed its consideration ofthe question during six plenary meetings held be-tween 13 and 20 November, at the conclusion ofwhich it adopted resolution 3395(XXX).

By the preamble to that resolution, the GeneralAssembly among other things noted with concernthat four rounds of talks between representativesof the two communities had not led to a mutuallyacceptable settlement; it expressed its deep con-cern at the continuation of the crisis in Cyprusand its awareness of the need to solve the crisiswithout further delay by peaceful means, in ac-cordance with United Nations purposes and prin-ciples.

By the operative part of the text, the Assem-bly reaffirmed the urgent need for continuedefforts for the effective implementation in all itsparts of the Assembly's decision of 1 November1974,6 as endorsed by the Security Council on 13December 1974.7

The Assembly also called once again on allStates to respect the sovereignty, independence,territorial integrity and non-alignment of the Re-public of Cyprus and to refrain from all acts andinterventions directed against it. It demanded thewithdrawal without further delay of all foreign

armed forces and foreign military presence andpersonnel from Cyprus, and the cessation of allforeign interference in its affairs. It called uponthe parties concerned to undertake urgent meas-ures to facilitate the voluntary return of allrefugees to their homes in safety and to settle allother aspects of the refugee problem. It also calledfor the immediate resumption in a meaningful andconstructive manner of the negotiations betweenthe representatives of the two communities, underthe auspices of the Secretary-General, to be con-ducted freely on an equal footing with a view toreaching a mutually acceptable agreement basedon their fundamental and legitimate rights. TheAssembly urged all parties to refrain from uni-lateral actions in contravention of its 1974 deci-sion, including changes in the demographic struc-ture of Cyprus.

In addition, the Assembly requested the Secre-tary-General to continue his role in the inter-communal negotiations, to bring the resolution tothe attention of the Security Council and to re-port on its implementation not later than 31March 1976. It also called upon all parties to con-tinue to co-operate fully with the United NationsPeace-keeping Force in Cyprus.

(For text of resolution, see DOCUMENTARY REFER-ENCES below.)

Resolution 3395(XXX) was adopted by a re-corded vote of 117 to 1, with 9 abstentions. By aseparate vote, the operative paragraph demandingthe withdrawal without further delay of foreignarmed forces and the cessation of foreign inter-ference was adopted by a recorded vote of 111 to2, with 13 abstentions. The text of the resolutionwas sponsored by Algeria, Argentina, Guyana,India, Kenya, Mali and Yugoslavia. Amendmentsto this text, proposed by Tunisia and Saudi Arabia,were withdrawn by their sponsors, as were draftresolutions proposed by Cyprus, by Turkey andby Saudi Arabia.

An amendment by Tunisia, by which the Assem-bly would have urged the withdrawal—rather thandemanded the withdrawal without further delay—of all foreign armed forces from Cyprus, and wouldhave excepted the United Nations armed forcesfrom that withdrawal, was considered unnecessaryby the sponsors of the seven-power text and waswithdrawn by Tunisia.

An amendment by Saudi Arabia, by which theAssembly would have demanded the withdrawalof all foreign armed forces immediately after boththe Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities hadreached a mutually acceptable settlement, andwould have appealed to all interested States to

6 See footnote 3.7 See footnote 2.


cease all foreign interference in the affairs of theRepublic of Cyprus, was rejected by the sponsorsof the seven-power text and was withdrawn bySaudi Arabia.

By the text of the draft resolution submitted byCyprus which was not pressed to a vote, theAssembly, by the preambular paragraphs, wouldhave among other things noted with regret thenon-implementation by Turkey of its 1974 decisionon Cyprus and of subsequent Security Councildecisions, expressed its deep concern at the de-terioration of the situation resulting from suchnon-compliance and from unilateral acts in con-travention of those decisions, and taken note ofthe parts relating to Cyprus of the final com-munique of the Commonwealth Heads of Govern-ment Meeting, held at Kingston, Jamaica, in April/May 1975 and of the Lima declaration adopted atthe Conference of Ministers for Foreign Affairsof Non-Aligned Countries, held at Lima, Peru,in August 1975.

By the operative part of the Cypriot text, theAssembly would have demanded the immediateand effective implementation of its 1974 decisionon Cyprus through the immediate and uncondi-tional withdrawal of all foreign armed forcesfrom the Republic, the immediate return of allrefugees to their homes and the restoration oftheir inalienable rights, and through intercom-munal negotiations freely conducted on the basisof concrete proposals by both sides on all aspectsof the problem with a view to reaching a lastingand mutually acceptable solution consistent withthe relevant United Nations resolutions and uni-versally accepted principles of justice and equity.It would have called upon Turkey to desist fromall actions and measures calculated to change thedemographic structure of the Republic throughacts of colonization, uprooting the indigenouspopulation and usurpation of its properties, andwould have declared invalid any unilateral actioncontravening the relevant United Nations resolu-tions on Cyprus. It would also have urged theSecurity Council to take all the necessary meas-ures for the effective implementation of the reso-lution in order to safeguard the independence,sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-alignmentof the Republic of Cyprus.

By the text of the draft resolution submittedby Turkey which was not pressed to a vote, theAssembly, by the preambular paragraphs, wouldhave among other things expressed its deep con-cern at the continuation of the crisis in Cyprusand noted that, although some substantive ques-tions had been the subject of discussion in thefour rounds of intercommunal talks, further nego-tiations were necessary in order to reach mutual

agreement. By the operative part of the Turkishtext, the Assembly would have, among other things,urged all parties to take further steps to improveconditions on the island and facilitate the suc-cessful outcome of the intercommunal negotiations,called for the urgent resumption in a meaningfuland constructive way of the negotiations betweenthe representatives of the two communities, underthe auspices of the Secretary-General, to be con-ducted freely on an equal footing and in a mannercovering all aspects of the problem, with a viewto reaching a mutually acceptable agreement basedon their fundamental and legitimate rights, andrequested the Secretary-General to continue toprovide his good offices for the negotiations. Itwould have also requested the parties to desistfrom any unilateral action which would affectnegatively the intercommunal talks and the effortstowards a peaceful solution, and called upon allparties to continue full co-operation with UNFICYP.

The two other draft resolutions which wereconsidered by the Assembly but not pressed to avote—one proposed by Turkey, the other bySaudi Arabia—were on the question of whethera statement might be made by Rauf R. Denktashat a plenary meeting. By the Turkish draft, theAssembly, considering that the Turkish Cypriotcommunity was one of the two principal partiesto the question of Cyprus, would have invited Mr.Denktash, the Vice-President of the Republic ofCyprus, to make a statement at a plenary meetingof the Assembly in his capacity as the leader ofthe Turkish Cypriot community.

By the text of the draft resolution submitted bySaudi Arabia, the Assembly would have, amongother things, noted that the President of Cyprushad made a statement before the General Assem-bly at its 1975 session, and would have invitedMr. Denktash, in his capacity as Vice-President ofCyprus, a country which continued to be afflictedby civil war, to appear at a plenary meeting ofthe Assembly in order to shed some light thatmight ultimately be useful in solving the questionof Cyprus, to the benefit of both the GreekCypriot and the Turkish Cypriot communities sothat they might live in an independent and inte-gral Cyprus.

Neither of these draft resolutions was pressed toa vote following the decision of the Assembly on19 November, by a recorded vote of 81 to 16, with26 abstentions, not to reconsider the consensusdecision it reached on 30 September (whereby theSpecial Political Committee was invited to con-vene to enable the representatives of both commu-nities to express their views). The United NationsLegal Counsel, addressing the Assembly at theinvitation of the President before the vote, advised


that a decision to allow Mr. Denktash to speak inplenary at that stage would be incompatible withthat consensus decision; it would amount to areconsideration of an earlier decision, he advised,and rule 81 of the Assembly's rules of procedureapplied.8 Statements formally opposing the recon-sideration of the consensus decision were made byGreece and Cuba.

In his statement before the Special PoliticalCommittee, Mr. Celik, representative of the Turk-ish Cypriot community, said that the 12-year-oldpretence that the Greek Cypriot side representedCyprus had to cease. The Greek Cypriots weretrying to present the Cyprus problem as beginningin 1974 with a Turkish aggression; but in thepreceding 12 years they had tried to erode therights and status of the Turkish Cypriot commu-nity with a view to removing all impediments toenosis—union with Greece. The problem in realitywas one of ensuring the continuation of the bi-communal, biregional independence of the islandand guaranteeing the status and the security oflife and property of the Turkish Cypriot commu-nity, Mr. Celik continued.

The Turkish Cypriot community still consideredthe intercommunal talks to be the only methodfor solving the Cyprus problem; but the Greek sidetook the talks lightly, he said, and preferred inter-national propaganda to serious negotiations. Thequestion was, Mr. Celik continued, whether theUnited Nations would encourage Archbishop Ma-karios to continue with the process of interna-tionalizing the Cyprus problem at the risk ofdestroying all chances of meaningful negotiations,or whether the international community wouldsupport the intercommunal negotiations so thatthe two communities shared the responsibility ofrearranging their home on the basis of equalityand mutual respect.

The draft resolution submitted at the GeneralAssembly in the name of Cyprus completelyignored the reality on the island and contradictedthe agreements that had been reached at Vienna,Mr. Celik said. Should the Assembly adopt such aresolution, it would kill negotiations and rendera final peaceful political settlement very difficult,if not impossible, he said. He added that Mr. Denk-tash should be heard at a plenary meeting andanswer questions there.

In his statement to the Special Political Com-mittee, Mr. Papadopoulos, representative of theGreek Cypriot community, began by objecting tothe suggestion that Mr. Denktash be heard inplenary after Mr. Celik had spoken for the Turk-ish Cypriot community in the Committee. He wenton to say that Turkey had contemptuously disre-garded all the provisions of the resolution adopted

by the Assembly in 1974, and he called again forthe withdrawal of Turkish forces from Cyprus andfor the return of the refugees to their homes. Healso called for an end to the importation of Turk-ish settlers into occupied areas.

During the four rounds of intercommunal talks,the Turkish side had failed to submit the proposalsit had promised, Mr. Papadopoulos said. Thepolicy and tactics of trying to consolidate theoccupation of 40 per cent of Cyprus through faitsaccomplis effected, supported and made possibleonly by the presence of Turkish troops had to berejected as a method of reaching a negotiatedsettlement, he said. The bi-zonal federation solu-tion advocated by Turkey was nothing else butpartition, he stated, and equal representation in acentral Government as claimed by Turkey ignoredthe fact that the Greek Cypriot community con-stituted 82 per cent of the total population.

In concluding, Mr. Papadopoulos called atten-tion to the problem of missing persons, a humani-tarian issue which, he felt, should be kept separatefrom the political issue. All efforts to collect andverify information about missing persons hadfailed. He proposed the setting up of a commis-sion jointly under the International Committee ofthe Red Cross and the United Nations to investi-gate and end the uncertainty in the matter.

During the discussion in the General Assembly,the representative of Cyprus reminded Membersthat nearly 40 per cent of the island, the mostproductive part accounting for 70 per cent of thecountry's economic resources, was under the mil-itary occupation of the invader, and that 200,000Greek Cypriots—over one third of the total popu-lation of Cyprus, forcibly expelled from their homesand rendered destitute refugees—were still pre-vented from returning to their homes. Havingreviewed the main provisions of the Assembly's1974 decision, he stated that Turkey had chosena policy by which it not merely ignored UnitedNations resolutions but also took specific andarbitrary action in further violation of those reso-lutions, causing a grave deterioration in the situa-tion. The people of Cyprus—Greek and TurkishCypriots alike—had lived in peace and harmonyfor generations, the Cypriot representative said,and they could well continue to do so if theywere left alone to compose their differences. Heexpressed the view that the problem of Cypruscould never be solved by measures of intensified

8 Rule 81 states that: "When a proposal has been adopted orrejected, it may not be reconsidered at the same session unlessthe General Assembly, by a two-thirds majority of the Memberspresent and voting, so decides. Permission to speak on a motionto reconsider shall be accorded only to two speakers opposingthe motion, after which it shall be immediately put to thevote."


geographical separation or policies of racial dis-crimination.

The Turkish representative, reiterating Turk-ish views on the history of the Cyprus dispute,described the Greek Cypriot leadership as con-vinced that numerical considerations made Cyprusa Greek island, and as regarding independenceonly as an ephemeral phase to be terminated atits earliest convenience in favour of union withGreece. He said that Turkey had always beendedicated to the principle of an independent andnon-aligned Cyprus and to the peaceful settle-ment of intercommunal problems through talksbetween the two communities. From 1968 to 1974the Greek Cypriots had been unyielding in thosenegotiations and had counselled patience, but nowthey were facing a relatively equal negotiatingpartner and were shouting that time was of theessence.

The representative of Turkey said that theGreek side had to face realities. It was folly toexpect the Turkish Government to agree to with-draw its forces before a settlement was reachedsafeguarding the security of the Turkish Cypriotcommunity, but he reiterated the Turkish pledgeof withdrawal on reaching such a settlement.Turning to the humanitarian issues, he said thatthe Greek Cypriot administration, instead of seek-ing to alleviate the hardships of the refugees, wastrying to exploit them.

The Turkish representative also asked that anopportunity be given to Mr. Denktash, leaderof the Turkish Cypriot community, to be heardin the debate.

The representative of Greece said that Turkeyhad used the actions of the junta in Greece in 1974as a pretext to implement one of its cherishedplans and invade Cyprus. He said that the Turk-ish side incessantly referred to enosis but hewished to remind the Assembly of the view of aformer Turkish Foreign Minister that Cyprus wasan integral part of the mainland from the pointof view of geopolitics and physical geography.Under the invoked justification of the protectionof a minority, a military invasion of a MemberState by another Member State had taken place,the Greek representative said; this was specificallyforbidden by United Nations Charter provisions.Moreover, after 16 months the military occupa-tion, equally forbidden, was still continuing. Hesaid that Turkey had failed to implement therelevant resolutions of the General Assembly andcalled on Member States to redress the situation.

The Greek representative agreed with Turkeythat the realities had to be faced, but did thatmean the acceptance of Turkish colonization, heasked. He called for the parties to meet with a

sense of urgency and to submit to the Secretary-General comprehensive proposals in the form ofa package deal.

In the course of the general discussion, Mem-bers generally agreed that the independence, ter-ritorial integrity and sovereignty of Cyprus hadto be safeguarded. A number of speakers, includ-ing Democratic Yemen, the Syrian Arab Republic,Yugoslavia and Zambia, emphasized the impor-tance of maintaining the non-aligned status ofCyprus as a guarantee of its security. Most of therepresentatives expressed concern over the lack ofimplementation of the key provisions of the As-sembly's 1974 resolution on Cyprus which con-cerned the withdrawal of foreign forces and thereturn of refugees to their homes.9 Most represen-tatives also expressed concern at the lack of prog-ress made in the talks between the two commu-nities, and expressed the hope that they would beresumed soon with the continuing presence of theSecretary-General.

The United Kingdom said it was actively work-ing for the resumption of the talks on a substan-tive basis and had been in constant touch with theparties concerned, but it had not at that stagehad indications of when the parties would be ableto put forward proposals. Italy, on behalf of thenine States members of EEC, urged the parties tostart constructive discussion of all the substantiveproblems, in particular by submitting concreteproposals on their territorial and constitutionalaspects.

Canada said that the initiative for solving theproblems of Cyprus had to come from the talksbetween the representatives of the island's twocommunities; other interested parties had to con-tribute as best they could to the development andmaintenance of the necessary momentum. TheUnited States said that there was an obligation onthe parties to proceed with serious negotiation—anobligation both to each other and to the interna-tional community which had devoted time, re-sources and manpower to assist them.

Iran appealed to both sides to make a fresheffort to reach a mutually acceptable settlement.The lack of progress, Pakistan said, was not causefor giving up. Austria found it regrettable that onthe occasion of the fourth round of talks one ofthe parties to the negotiations had not been in aposition to make even the smallest proposal re-garding the geographical aspects of a possiblesettlement.

A number of Members, including Kenya, Ro-mania, Sierra Leone and the USSR, expressed theview that unilateral measures, such as the declara-

9 See footnote 3.


tion of the establishment of a "Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus," tended to complicate the searchfor a peaceful settlement of the Cyprus problem.Kenya laid emphasis on the need for the with-drawal from Cyprus without delay of all foreignmilitary personnel and equipment other thanthose present by agreement with the Governmentof Cyprus. The continued interference by out-siders in the internal affairs of Cyprus had createdan intolerable situation, Kenya said. Dahomeythought it obvious that the withdrawal of what itdescribed as Turkey's forces of aggression shouldbe accompanied by the withdrawal of all otherforeign troops from the island. Dahomey called forDraconian measures to that end in order to allowthe Cypriot people to settle their own problems.

Pakistan on the other hand emphasized the realproblem as being the relationship between the twoCypriot communities themselves and, in particu-lar, the neglect, insecurity and discrimination towhich the Turkish community in Cyprus had beensubjected for years.

The USSR, among others, including the Byelo-russian SSR, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland,reiterated its claim that certain North AtlanticTreaty Organization circles were striving to de-stroy the independence and territorial integrity ofCyprus in order to strengthen the military andstrategic positions of NATO in the eastern Mediter-ranean, and were attempting to decide the fateof Cyprus outside the United Nations and behindthe back of the Cypriots. The USSR recalled itsproposals for the convening of an internationalconference on Cyprus and the dispatch of a Secu-rity Council mission to the island—measures whichit believed would have made possible the findingof the most effective ways of implementing theCouncil and Assembly decisions on Cyprus. Ex-pressing support for these proposals, the GermanDemocratic Republic and Mongolia, among others,believed that they could further to a considerableextent the creation of an effective internationalsystem of guarantees for Cyprus to replace those ofthe 1960 Treaty of Guarantee, which in their viewhad clearly failed.

Some of those countries, including Bulgaria,Hungary and Poland, referred to decisions of theConference of Ministers for Foreign Affairs ofNon-Aligned Countries, held at Lima in August1975, which reiterated the support of those coun-tries for the independence, territorial integrity,sovereignty and non-alignment of the Republicand their solidarity with one of the group's found-ing members.

China and Albania expressed their view thatthe situation in Cyprus had been complicatedmainly by the active meddling and intervention

of the two super-powers, each of which was tryinghard to put that island of strategic importanceunder its own influence and control.

Austria, Egypt, Hungary, Iran, Kenya, Pakistan,Sierra Leone and the United States were amongthose Members which paid tribute to theSecretary-General and his Special Representativefor their untiring efforts to bring about a nego-tiated settlement. Austria, Canada, Italy, theUnited Kingdom and the United States, amongothers, praised the work done by UNFICYP. Withregard to the Force's financial problems, Austriaand the United Kingdom appealed to those whohad contributed nothing and expressed the hopethat those who voted for peace might be preparedto help pay for it too. Austria also stressed theexceptional role which UNFICYP had played froma humanitarian point of view in relieving wher-ever possible the great human suffering caused bythe chain of events since July 1974.

On the humanitarian aspect of the question ofCyprus, a number of Members expressed the hopethat particular priority would be given to alleviat-ing the problems of the refugees. Egypt said thatthis was necessary not only because of the suffer-ing of individuals or groups but also because ofthe destructive effects that the persistence of theproblem had on the economy and the prosperityof the people. Sierra Leone thought, however, thatonly within the framework of political considera-tions could lasting solutions be found to the hu-manitarian problems.

A number of statements were made in explana-tion of vote. The representatives of Cyprus andGreece, expressing their support for the seven-power text, thanked the sponsors for a resolutionthat contained all the necessary ingredients forhope of a just settlement. The representative ofCyprus expressed his hope to see the implementa-tion of the resolution, which had gone furtherthan a mere reaffirmation of the 1974 decision ofthe Assembly. He also said that, of all the arbi-trary unilateral actions perpetrated in Cyprus, theattempt to change its demographic structure, asidefrom its other evils, could prove to be the greatestimpediment to meaningful and constructive talksand to finding a mutually acceptable solution be-tween the Greek and Turkish Cypriots for apolitical settlement.

Italy, speaking on behalf of the members ofEEC, felt the resolution merited support becauseit correctly stressed many elements which the As-sembly believed were relevant and important inthe framework of attempts to settle the crisis andtried to achieve a balance between the variouspositions. Australia, Kuwait, New Zealand, Swedenand the Syrian Arab Republic expressed similar


views. Sweden expressed the hope that the Gov-ernment of Turkey would take the necessary stepsin the near future to withdraw its troops fromCyprus. Kuwait said it was its understanding thatthe call for the withdrawal of foreign troops wasnot separate from the final settlement. Australiabelieved the stress laid on the urgency of the re-sumption of the intercommunal talks was at theheart of the resolution. The Syrian Arab Republicstressed the call for respect for the sovereignty,independence, territorial integrity and non-alignment of the Republic of Cyprus.

Albania and China stated that they supportedthe non-aligned text although they remained op-posed to the creation of United Nations forces.China also said it hoped that the Greek and Turk-ish communities would do away with super-powermeddling and reach a reasonable settlement at anearly date.

The United States regretted that no resolutionhad been formulated that was acceptable to allparties concerned, and consequently it was obligedto abstain in the vote. It hoped that the parties,through the good offices of the Secretary-General,would proceed with the intercommunal talks.Pakistan, while having no quarrel with the generalaim of the resolution, was unable to support itsince the gap between the parties could not beclosed. Dahomey said it was unable to participatein the vote on a text that did not recommend aradical approach.

The representative of Turkey, regretting theAssembly's denial of Mr. Denktash's right to statehis community's views in plenary, read out a state-ment made by Mr. Denktash to the press in whichhe had said that procedural rules had been citedto prevent the Turkish Cypriots once again frombeing heard, and that it was a denial of justiceand of the Constitution of Cyprus which wassigned by the two communities as equals. Thedelay in finding a just solution to the Cyprusproblem was, in Mr. Denktash's view, directly con-nected with the refusal to hear both sides. Therepresentative of Turkey said that while he ap-preciated the efforts of the non-aligned group ofMembers to try to prepare a compromise text, hewas constrained to vote against their draft resolu-tion.

Communications (November 1975)Several communications were received during

November from Cyprus and Turkey.On 8 November 1975, the representative of

Turkey transmitted the part concerning Cyprusof the final communique issued at the end of theextraordinary meeting of the Islamic Conferenceof Foreign Ministers held at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,

on 2 November, stating that the meeting hadfavourably responded to the explanatory state-ment of the Turkish delegation on a draft resolu-tion which had been sponsored by the MoslemTurkish community in Cyprus and circulated tomembers of the Conference with the request thatthey support it at the United Nations GeneralAssembly at its thirtieth (1975) session.

On 12 November, the representative of Cyprustransmitted a letter from G. Sterghides of theCommittee of Relatives of Isolated Persons in theKarpas Region on the hardships suffered by the8,000 Greek Cypriots enclaved in that area. Inreply, the representative of Turkey transmittedon 17 November a letter from Mr. Atalay statingthat Mr. Sterghides was not of the Karpas areanor was he informed about the situation prevail-ing in the north of Cyprus; his letter was merelyaimed at making political propaganda, it stated.

Also on 17 November, the representative ofCyprus quoted the text of a statement to the pressby Mr. Clerides, in which he had denied Turkishallegations to the effect that agreement in prin-ciple had been reached on a number of issuesregarding the solution of the Cyprus problem.No such agreement had been reached on any pointor issue, Mr. Clerides had stated, although someagreement had been reached for purely humani-tarian reasons on the enclaved Greek Cypriots inthe north and the Turkish Cypriots living in thesouth. Although the Greek side had implementedits part of that agreement, he said, the Turkishside had not and there were Greek Cypriots stillunable to join their families in the north, noGreek schools functioning there and no Greekdoctors allowed to practise there; UNFICYP'S free-dom of movement continued to be so limited itwas in reality non-existent, Mr. Clerides had said.

By a letter dated 19 November, the Turkishrepresentative quoted in reply a statement by Mr.Denktash standing by his presentation of thenegotiations as having reached agreement in prin-ciple on the structure of Cyprus as a bi-zonalfederation, agreement in principle on a centralGovernment with limited functions, agreement inprinciple on participation of the two communitiesin that Government on the basis of equality, andagreement on an exchange of populations so thatTurkish Cypriots could move north and GreekCypriots could move south.

Report of Secretary-General (December 1975)On 8 December 1975, the Secretary-General sub-

mitted to the Security Council a report coveringthe United Nations operation in Cyprus for theperiod 10 June to 8 December 1975.

The Secretary-General reported that, following


the transfer of the bulk of the Turkish Cypriotpopulation to the north and the resulting reduc-tion of UNFICYP commitments in the south, mem-bers of the Force had been redeployed in theconfrontation area and a plan had been initiatedto reduce the strength of UNFICYP by 532 soldiersand 62 policemen. Although the agreements reachedat the intercommunal talks in Vienna had pro-vided for free and normal access by UNFICYP toGreek Cypriot habitations in the north, the Secre-tary-General continued, such access remained re-stricted: as from 26 September the personnel ofUNFICYP liaison posts had been denied access tothe Greek Cypriot population on a regular basis,and since 2 December visits by UNFICYP humani-tarian teams in the Karpas region had been sus-pended.

Of the 934 Greek Cypriots who had applied toreturn to the north (including most of the 800 whohad been compulsorily evacuated), 379 had beencleared to return and 346 of those had actuallyreturned. Another 313 had been refused permissionon security grounds or grounds of ineligibility.

Progress in providing educational and medicalfacilities to Greek Cypriots in the north remainedslow and the situation regarding their freedomof movement was unchanged: Greek Cypriots liv-ing there were not permitted to visit their relativesin the south. The Force also continued to receivecomplaints that Greek Cypriots in the north wereexposed to pressure to move to the south andthat their property was subject to theft or con-fiscation. United Nations humanitarian assistancefor needy Cypriots, including persons displacedfrom the north, continued to be co-ordinated bythe United Nations High Commissioner for Refu-gees (see section below).

The Secretary-General stated that the situationin Cyprus would remain unstable and potentiallydangerous until the basic problem was resolved. Hefelt that in the circumstances the best availablemeans of making progress towards a settlement wasthrough continued talks between the two com-munities, and he reported that contacts with theparties concerning their resumption under hisauspices were continuing. However, the Secretary-General stated, the talks could only be fruitful ifthe negotiators were ready to engage in meaningfulnegotiations on all essential aspects of a settlement.In these circumstances the Secretary-General con-sidered the continued presence of UNFICYP to beessential not only to maintain the cease-fire calledfor by the Security Council but also to facilitatethe continued search for a peaceful settlement. Herecommended that UNFICYP'S mandate be extendedfor a further six months.

The Secretary-General called attention to theincreasingly critical financial situation of UNFICYP,which in his view threw a disproportionate burdenon the troop-contributing countries. The deficit inUNFICYP'S budget amounted to $38.8 million andvoluntary contributions had continued to be madein insufficient amounts. He warned that if noremedial measures could be achieved, UNFICYPmight find itself unable to continue functioningfor lack of funds.

By an addendum to his report, issued on 13 De-cember 1975, the Secretary-General announcedthat, following further consultations, the partiesconcerned had agreed to the extension of UNFICYP'Smandate.

Consideration by SecurityCouncil (13 December 1975)

The Security Council met on 13 December 1975to consider the Secretary-General's report of 8 De-cember. Cyprus, Greece and Turkey were invited,at their request, to participate in the discussionwithout the right to vote. The Council also ex-tended an invitation to Mr. Celik, representativeof the Turkish Cypriot community, to participateand make a statement.

The Council had worked out in prior consulta-tions among its members the text of a resolutionon Cyprus. It began its deliberations on 13 De-cember by adopting this text as resolution 383(1975)by a vote of 14 to 0, with China not participatingin the vote.

By the preambular part of the resolution, theCouncil noted from the Secretary-General's reportthat the presence of UNFICYP in Cyprus was furtherneeded, that the best available means of progresstowards a settlement was through continued inter-communal talks, and that such talks could befruitful only if the interlocutors were ready andauthorized to engage in meaningful negotiationson all essential aspects of a settlement. The Coun-cil noted also that the parties concerned had con-curred with the Secretary-General's recommenda-tion to extend the stationing of the Force inCyprus for a further six months, and that theGovernment of Cyprus had agreed to that. Itfurther noted the General Assembly decision of20 November 1975 on Cyprus (see above).

By its operative paragraphs, the Council re-affirmed its earlier resolutions on Cyprus, includingits decisions of 13 December 1974 10 and of 12 March1975, and called for their urgent and effectiveimplementation. The Council urged the partiesconcerned to act with the utmost restraint and

10 See footnote 2.


accelerate their efforts to achieve the objectivesof the Security Council. It extended once more thestationing of UNFICYP in Cyprus for a period end-ing on 15 June 1976; it appealed again to allparties concerned to co-operate fully with UNFICYP;and it requested the Secretary-General to continuehis mission of good offices, to keep the Councilinformed and to submit a report not later than31 March 1976.

(For text of resolution 383(1975), see DOCUMEN-TARY REFERENCES below.)

In a statement to the Council after the vote,the Secretary-General stated that his Acting SpecialRepresentative, Lieutenant-General Prem Chand,and Mr. Denktash had signed on that day a procès-verbal stating that the Special Representative woulddiscuss with the representative of the TurkishCypriot community questions pertaining to thestationing, deployment and functioning of UNFICYPin the area under Turkish control, with a view toarriving at mutually acceptable arrangements,which would be recorded through an exchange ofletters.

The representative of Cyprus said that UnitedNations calls had been ignored by Turkey whilethe process of aggression was left to continue andwas even intensified by further violations. Despitespecific agreements to the contrary, Greek Cypri-ots were still being expelled from the north, GreekCypriots in the south were not being allowed tojoin their families, practically no Greek educa-tional and medical facilities were being allowed inthe north, and there was virtually no freedom ofmovement for UNFICYP or for the Greek Cypriots.The aggressive occupation of Cypriot territorycould not be allowed to continue without remedy,he said. Cyprus wanted the resumption of thetalks provided they were conducted freely and notcoupled with the arbitrary practice of unilateralactions, he continued. In order for those talks tobe meaningful there had to be at least a concurrentand progressive implementation of the provisionsof the United Nations resolutions, namely, thespeedy withdrawal of all foreign armed forces andthe return of the refugees to their homes, he added.

On the extension of UNFICYP'S mandate, therepresentative of Cyprus said that his Governmenthad consented, as the only party entitled and re-quired to consent, to the renewal of the mandate.With regard to the procès-verbal which referredto practical arrangements relating to the localfunctioning of UNFICYP, the representative saidthey had nothing to do with any consent for therenewal of the mandate.

The representative of Greece also expressed con-cern at the continuing plight of Greek Cypriots in

the north of the island despite the relevant pro-visions of the agreements reached during the inter-communal talks in Vienna, and at the dismal out-come of the four rounds of those talks. Theprovisions and principles embodied in the resolu-tions on Cyprus adopted by the Assembly in 1974and 1975 established the framework for a nego-tiated settlement in accordance with the principlesof the Charter, he said. He fully agreed that thecontinued presence of UNFICYP was essential inorder to maintain the cease-fire and to facilitatethe continued search for a peaceful settlement.

The representative of Turkey said that his coun-try could not accept the Security Council's resolu-tion in toto. Turkey was against the reference tothe Government of Cyprus, since in its view therewas no government which could represent Cyprus;there were merely two communities on the island.Turkey considered that the Assembly's 1974 resolu-tion no longer applied after four rounds of inter-communal talks, and it was unable to accept thereference to the resolution adopted by the GeneralAssembly on 20 November 1975, against whichTurkey had been constrained to vote. Turkey con-tinued to be in favour of the intercommunal talks,he said, but not in the framework that the Assem-bly's 1975 resolution had placed them. The Turk-ish view had been that although there had beenno possibility of reaching agreement on all aspectsof the problem until that time, the intercommunalnegotiations had produced considerable and en-couraging results.

Turkey agreed with the extension of UNFICYP'Smandate and expressed the hope that the discus-sions promised in the procès-verbal signed by Gen-eral Prem Chand and Mr. Denktash would resultin concrete agreements.

Mr. Celik, presenting the views of the TurkishCypriot side, also stated that the Security Councilresolution just adopted was not acceptable in totofor the same reasons as put forward by Turkey. Heemphasized that the Secretary-General had con-sulted the Turkish Cypriots about the extensionof the UNFICYP mandate and that the TurkishCypriot side had given its consent. The separateagreement in the form of the procès-verbal wasessential both politically and legally, he said: polit-ically to establish the equal status of the twocommunities, legally to give the Force legal statusin the north of Cyprus.

Mr. Celik went on to claim that substantialprogress had been made at the intercommunaltalks on the basis of a bi-zonal federation solution,a claim proved by the agreement to the exchangeof population, he stated. But Archbishop Makarioshad sabotaged those talks, Mr. Celik continued,


having realized the problems were about to besettled on that basis. As long as the Archbishopwas accepted as the representative of the whole ofCyprus and as long as Turkish Cypriots were notgranted equal status, there could be no solution,Mr. Celik said.

On the humanitarian questions, Mr. Celik saidthe refugee problem had been grossly exaggeratedby the Greek Cypriot side. He refuted the allega-tion that there was a massive immigration ofpopulation from Turkey and claimed that thepeople returning to the north were TurkishCypriots who had been forced to leave during thepreceding 20 years.

Nearly all the members of the Security Councilagreed with the Secretary-General's assessment thatthe continued presence of UNFICYP was essential,and paid tribute to the achievements of the Forcein maintaining the cease-fire, as well as in thehumanitarian field. China referred to its well-known views on the Force to explain its non-participation in the vote.

The United Kingdom expressed concern at thefinancial situation of the Force and the growingburden carried by the contributing countries.The Byelorussian SSR and the USSR stressed thatthey had no objection to the extension of themandate, since the Cyprus Government had agreedto it, as long as the system of voluntary financingwas preserved.

A number of members, including France, Italy,Sweden and the United States, urged the partiesconcerned to co-operate with UNFICYP. Italy ex-pressed deep regret at the obstructions which hadbeen placed in the way of its functioning. Francesaid it failed to understand why restrictions, par-ticularly in regard to freedom of movement, hadbeen imposed on the Force. Sweden expressed thehope that the discussions the Secretary-General wasto undertake on its stationing and functioning inthe northern area of Cyprus would result inacceptable and effective operational conditions forUNFICYP. The Byelorussian SSR and the UnitedRepublic of Tanzania were among those memberswhich felt that the stationing of these troopsshould not serve as a pretext for the perpetuationof the abnormal situation currently existing on theisland.

Many members, including France, Guyana, Iraq,Sweden, the United Republic of Tanzania and theUnited Kingdom, expressed disappointment orregret at the lack of progress towards a solutionof the Cyprus problem and called for a speedyresumption of the intercommunal talks as the bestmeans to that end. While stressing the urgency ofthe resumption of the talks, the United Republic

of Tanzania accorded no less significance to thefull implementation of those matters on whichagreement had been reached. Guyana said that theway forward depended on a genuine desire by theparties concerned to find a solution and their goodfaith in abiding by interim agreements. Franceregretted the lack of application of the very impor-tant provisions of the agreements concluded duringthe talks at Vienna.

The USSR said that the trend towards thecreation of an isolated Turkish Cypriot state inthe north was a violation of Security Council andGeneral Assembly resolutions. A genuine settle-ment was in its view still being blocked by NATOcircles. The USSR reiterated its earlier proposalsfor a broad international conference on Cyprusand for the dispatch of a mission of the Councilto the island.

Tribute was paid by many members, includingthe Byelorussian SSR, Costa Rica, Italy, Japan,Mauritania, the United Republic of Cameroon andthe United States, to the efforts made by theSecretary-General to fulfil his mission of goodoffices.

Communications (December 1975)By letters dated 3 and 30 December 1975 the

representative of Cyprus transmitted further in-formation on the expulsion and harassment ofGreek Cypriots in the north of the island. Suchuprooting of the indigenous Greek Cypriot popu-lation and their replacement by massive importa-tion of colonists from mainland Turkey confirmedthat it was Turkey's scheme to change the demo-graphic character of Cyprus, the representativestated.

CONTINGENTS OF THE UNITED NATIONSPEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS

(by country of origin, as at 30 November 1975)

Military personnel

AustriaCanadaDenmarkFinlandIrelandSwedenUnited Kingdom

Total

Civilian police

AustraliaAustriaSweden

Total

Grand total

325515375425

547809

3,001

163220

68

3,069

5


PLEDGES FOR FINANCING THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS

(UNFICYP Special Account for the period 27 March 1964 to 15 December 1975)

Country

AustraliaAustriaBelgiumBotswanaCambodiaCyprusDenmarkFinlandGermany, Federal

Republic ofGhanaGreeceGuyanaIcelandIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyIvory CoastJamaicaJapan

Total pledges(in U.S. dollarequivalents)

1,913,6191,970,0002,152,971

500600

1,115,6662,925,000

600,000

14,500,00042,967

13,350,00011,81231,65767,00010,00050,00026,500

4,401,64560,00025,469

1,440,000

Country


Lao People'sDemocratic Republic 1,500

Lebanon 3,194Liberia 10,155Libyan Arab Republic 30,000Luxembourg 57,000Malawi 5,590Malaysia 7,500Malta 1,820Mauritania 4,370Morocco 20,000Nepal 400Netherlands 1,421,000New Zealand 42,000Niger 2,041Nigeria 10,800Norway 3,200,234Oman 5,000Pakistan 29,791Philippines 9,000Republic of Korea 16,000Republic of South Viet-Nam 4,000

Country

SenegalSierra LeoneSingaporeSomaliaSwedenSwitzerlandThailandTrinidad and TobagoTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited Republic

of CameroonUnited Republic

of TanzaniaUnited StatesUruguayVenezuelaYugoslaviaZaireZambia

Total


4,00046,4256,0001,000

4,520,0002,835,066

2,5002,400

1,839,25339,002,867 a

7,107

7,00080,900,000

2,5003,000

20,00030,00038,000

178,843,919

a Maximum amount pledged.b Maximum amount pledged. The ultimate contribution was to be dependent on contributions of other Governments.

Documentary references

Communications (1 January-20 February 1975)S/11596, S/11603. Letters of 6 and 20 January 1975 from

Cyprus.S/11608. Letter of 28 January 1975 from Greece.S/11609-S/11611. Letters of 28 and 29 January 1975 from

Cyprus.S/11612. Letter of 31 January 1975 from Greece.S/11615. Letter of 4 February 1975 from Turkey (trans-

mitting letter of 21 January 1975 from Vice-Presidentof Cyprus).

S/11616. Letter of 5 February 1975 from Cyprus.S/11617. Letter of 5 February 1975 from Cyprus (trans-

mitting statement of non-governmental organization rep-resentatives on situation in Cyprus).

S/11619. Letter of 10 February 1975 from Cyprus.S/11620. Letter of 11 February 1975 from Turkey (trans-

mitting letter of 3 February 1975 from Vice-Presidentof Cyprus).

S/11621. Letter of 12 February 1975 from Greece.S/11622. Letter of 11 February 1975 from Turkey (trans-


S/11623. Letter of 14 February 1975 from Greece.S/11625. Letter of 17 February 1975 from Cyprus.S/11626. Letter of 18 February 1975 from Bulgaria (trans-

mitting communication of 15 February 1975 of BulgarianNews Agency).

S/11627. Letter of 18 February 1975 from USSR (trans-mitting TASS statement of 16 February 1975).

S/11628. Letter of 19 February 1975 from Hungary (trans-mitting statement issued by Hungarian News Agencyon 18 February 1975).

S/11629. Letter of 19 February 1975 from Ireland (trans-mitting EEC statement of 13 February 1975).



S/11632, S/11633. Letters of 20 February 1975 fromTurkey (transmitting letters of 20 February 1975 from"Representative of Federated Turkish State of Cyprus").

S/11634. Letter of 20 February 1975 from Cyprus (trans-mitting resolution passed by House of Representativesof Republic of Cyprus on 20 February 1975).

S/11635. Letter of 20 February 1975 from Cyprus (trans-mitting letter of 18 February 1975 from President ofPancyprian Committee for Refugees).

Special report of theSecretary-General (18 February 1975)S/11624. Special report of Secretary-General of 18 Feb-

ruary 1975 on developments in Cyprus.

Consideration by the SecurityCouncil (20 February-12 March 1975)

Security Council, meetings 1813-1820.

S/11625. Letter of 17 February 1975 from Cyprus (requestto convene Council).

S/11657. Draft resolution.

Resolution 367(1975), prepared following consultationsamong Council members, S/11657, adopted withoutvote by Council on 12 March 1975, meeting 1820.

The Security Council,Having considered the situation in Cyprus in response

to the complaint submitted by the Government of theRepublic of Cyprus,

b


Having heard the report of the Secretary-General andthe statements made by the parties concerned,

Deeply concerned at the continuation of the crisis inCyprus,

Recalling its previous resolutions, in particular resolu-tion 365(1974) of 13 December 1974 by which it en-dorsed General Assembly resolution 3212(XXIX) adoptedunanimously on 1 November 1974,

Noting the absence of progress towards the imple-mentation of its resolutions,

1. Calls once more upon all States to respect thesovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and non-alignment of the Republic of Cyprus and urgently re-quests them, as well as the parties concerned, to refrainfrom any action which might prejudice that sovereignty,independence, territorial integrity and non-alignment, aswell as from any attempt at partition of the island or itsunification with any other country;

2. Regrets the unilateral decision of 13 February 1975declaring that a part of the Republic of Cyprus wouldbecome "a Federated Turkish State" as, inter alia,tending to compromise the continuation of negotiationsbetween the representatives of the two communities onan equal footing, the objective of which must continueto be to reach freely a solution providing for a politicalsettlement and the establishment of a mutually accept-able constitutional arrangement, and expresses its con-cern over all unilateral actions by the parties which havecompromised or may compromise the implementation ofthe relevant United Nations resolutions;

3. Affirms that the decision referred to in paragraph2 above does not prejudge the final political settlementof the problem of Cyprus and takes note of the declara-tion that this was not its intention;

4. Calls for the urgent and effective implementationof all parts and provisions of General Assembly resolu-tion 3212(XXIX), endorsed by Security Council resolution365(1974);

5. Considers that new efforts should be undertakento assist the resumption of the negotiations referred toin paragraph 4 of resolution 3212(XXIX) between therepresentatives of the two communities;

6. Requests the Secretary-General accordingly toundertake a new mission of good offices and to that endto convene the parties under new agreed procedures andplace himself personally at their disposal, so that theresumption, the intensification and the progress of com-prehensive negotiations, carried out in a reciprocal spiritof understanding and of moderation under his personalauspices and with his direction as appropriate, mightthereby be facilitated;

munities to co-operate closely with the Secretary-Generalin the discharge of this new mission of good officesand asks them to accord personally a high priority totheir negotiations;

from any action which might jeopardize the negotiationsbetween the representatives of the two communities andto take steps which will facilitate the creation of theclimate necessary for the success of those negotiations;

9. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the Se-curity Council informed of the progress made towardsthe implementation of resolution 365(1974) and of thepresent resolution and to report to the Council when-ever he considers it appropriate and, in any case, before15 June 1975;

10. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

S/INF/31. Resolutions and decisions of Security Council,1975. Decisions, p. 1.

Communications (20 February-15 June 1975)S/11640. Letter of 24 February 1975 from Greece.S/11643, S/11644. Letters of 24 and 21 February 1975

from Cyprus.S/11645. Letter of 21 February 1975 from Cyprus (trans-

mitting letter of 21 February 1975 from "Chairman ofCommittee of Relatives of Enclaved Persons in KarpasRegion of Cyprus").

S/11646. Letter of 22 February 1975 from Cyprus (trans-mitting text of message from Chairman of PancyprianCommittee for Refugees).


mitting letter of 25 February 1975 from "Representativeof Federated Turkish State of Cyprus").

S/11649. Letter of 26 February 1975 from Turkey (trans-mitting letter of 18 February 1975 from General Secre-tary of Cyprus Turkish Trade Unions Federation).

S/11650. Letter of 26 February 1975 from Turkey (trans-mitting letter of 18 February 1975 from President ofCyprus Turkish Farmers Union).

S/11651. Letter of 28 February 1975 from Turkey (trans-mitting letter of 17 February 1975 from "President ofFederated Turkish State of Cyprus").

S/11652. Letter of 28 February 1975 from Cyprus.S/11653. Letter of 4 March 1975 from Greece.S/11656. Letter of 10 March 1975 from Mongolia (annex-

ing statement of 19 February 1975).S/11662. Letter of 21 March 1975 from Secretary-General

to Governments containing further appeal for voluntarycontributions for financing of UNFICYP.

S/11674. Letter of 10 April 1975 from Turkey.S/11677, S/11678. Letters of 18 and 25 April 1975 from

Cyprus.S/11679. Letter of 22 April 1975 from Turkey (trans-

mitting letter of 19 April 1975 from "Acting Repre-sentative of Turkish Federated State of Cyprus" (trans-mitting text of message from President of Committee ofTurkish Cypriot Women)).

S/11681. Letter of 30 April 1975 from Cyprus.S/11682. Letter of 2 May 1975 from Turkey.S/11683. Letter of 2 May 1975 from Turkey (transmitting

letter of 2 May 1975 from "Acting Representative ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus").

S/11685, S/11686. Letters of 8 and 10 May 1975 fromCyprus.

S/11687. Letter of 9 May 1975 from Turkey (transmittingletter of 3 May 1975 from "Acting President of TurkishFederated State of Cyprus").

S/11691 and Corr.1, S/11692. Letters of 15 and 19 May1975 from Cyprus.

S/11695. Letter of 21 May 1975 from Turkey (transmittingletter of 21 May 1975 from "Acting Representative ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus").

S/11696. Letter of 21 May 1975 from Turkey.S/11698, S/11699, S/11703. Letters of 19, 21 and 28

May 1975 from Cyprus.S/11704. Letter of 28 May 1975 from Turkey.S/11706. Letter of 29 May 1975 from Turkey (transmitting

letter of 29 May 1975 from "Acting Representative ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus" (enclosing lettersof 22 May 1975 from "President of Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus" to Secretary-General of UnitedNations and to Secretary-General of CommonwealthSecretariat)).

S/11714. Letter of 6 June from Turkey (transmitting letterof 6 June 1975 from "Acting Representative of TurkishFederated State of Cyprus" (enclosing letter of 22 May1975 from "President of Turkish Federated State ofCyprus")).

S/11716. Letter of 6 June 1975 from Cyprus.

7. Calls upon the representatives of the two com-

8. Calls upon all the parties concerned to refrain


S/11718. Letter of 9 June 1975 from Turkey (transmittingletter of 7 June 1975 from "Acting Representative ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus" (enclosing letterof 2 June 1975 from "President of Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus")).

S/11719. Letter of 9 June 1975 from Cyprus.S/11720. Letter of 10 June 1975 from Cyprus (transmit-

ting letter of 9 June 1975 from Chairman of CyprusRefugee Committee).

S/11723. Letter of 10 June 1975 from Cyprus.S/11724. Note verbale of 11 June 1975 from Cyprus.

Reports of Secretary-General(May and June 1975)S/11684. Interim report of 4 May 1975 of Secretary-

General pursuant to Security Council resolution 367(1975) of 12 March 1975 (annexing text of final com-munique on Cyprus talks, issued at Vienna, Austria,3 May 1975).

S/11717 and Corr.1. Report of 9 June 1975 by Secretary-General on United Nations operation in Cyprus (forperiod 7 December 1974-9 June 1975).

Consideration by the SecurityCouncil (13 and 16 June 1975)

Security Council, meetings 1830, 1831.

S/11717 and Corr.1. Report by Secretary-General onUnited Nations operation in Cyprus.

S/11725 and Rev.1. Draft resolution and revision.

Resolution 370(1975), prepared following consultationsamong Council members, S/11725/Rev.1, adopted byCouncil on 13 June 1975, meeting 1830, by 14 votesin favour to 0 against (China did not participate invoting).

The Security Council,Noting from the report of the Secretary-General of

9 June 1975 (S/11717 and Corr.1) that in existing cir-cumstances the presence of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus is still needed to perform thetasks it is currently undertaking if the cease-fire is to bemaintained in the island and the search for a peacefulsettlement facilitated,

Noting from the report the conditions prevailing in theisland,

Noting further that, in paragraphs 67 and 68 of hisreport, the Secretary-General has expressed the view, inconnexion with the talks in Vienna between the repre-sentatives of the two communities held pursuant to reso-lution 367(1975) of 12 March 1975, that the negotiatingprocess should be maintained and, if possible, acceler-ated and that its success would require from all partiesdetermination, understanding and a willingness to makereciprocal gestures,

Noting also the statement by the Secretary-Generalcontained in paragraph 69 of his report that the partiesconcerned had signified their concurrence in his recom-mendation that the Security Council extend the stationingof the Force in Cyprus for a further period of six months,

Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed thatin view of the prevailing conditions in the island it isnecessary to keep the Force in Cyprus beyond 15 June1975,

1. Reaffirms the provisions of resolution 186(1964) of4 March 1964, as well as subsequent resolutions anddecisions on the establishment and maintenance of theUnited Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus and onother aspects of the situation in Cyprus;

2. Reaffirms once again its resolution 365(1974) of13 December 1974, by which it endorsed General Assem-bly resolution 3212(XXIX), adopted unanimously on1 November 1974, and calls for their urgent and effectiveimplementation and that of its resolution 367(1975);

3. Urges the parties concerned to act with the utmostrestraint and to continue and accelerate determinedco-operative efforts to achieve the objectives of theSecurity Council;

4. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of theUnited Nations Peace-keeping Force, established underSecurity Council resolution 186(1964), for a further periodending 15 December 1975 in the expectation that by thensufficient progress towards a final solution will makepossible a withdrawal or substantial reduction of theForce;

5. Appeals again to all parties concerned to extendtheir full co-operation to the Force in its continuing per-formance of its duties;

6. Requests the Secretary-General to continue themission of good offices entrusted to him by paragraph 6of resolution 367(1975), to keep the Council informed ofthe progress made, and to submit an interim report by15 September 1975 and a definitive report not later than15 December 1975.


Communications (15 June-31 August 1975)S/11729. Letter of 16 June 1975 from Cyprus.S/11730. Note verbale of 15 June 1975 from Cyprus.S/11731, S/11732. Letters of 20 and 23 June 1975 from

Cyprus.S/11734. Letter of 24 June 1975 from Turkey (transmit-

ting letter of 24 June 1975 from "Acting Representa-tive of Turkish Federated State of Cyprus" (enclosingletter of 16 May 1975 from "President of TurkishFederated State of Cyprus")).

S/11736, S/11739. Letters of 26 and 27 June 1975 fromCyprus.

S/11740. Letter of 1 July 1975 from Turkey (transmittingletter of 1 July 1975 from "Acting Representative ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus" (enclosing letterof 27 June 1975 from "President of Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus")).

S/11741, S/11743, S/11744. Letters of 1, 2 and 3 July1975 from Cyprus.

S/11746. Letter of 3 July 1975 from Turkey (transmittingletter of 3 July 1975 from "Acting Representative ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus" (enclosing letter of27 June 1975 from President of Committee of TurkishCypriot Women)).

S/11748. Letter of 8 July 1975 from Turkey.S/11751. Letter of 9 July 1975 from Cyprus.S/11752. Letter of 9 July 1975 from Turkey (transmitting

letter of 9 July 1975 from "Acting Representative ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus").

S/11753, S/11754, S/11763, S/11765. Letters of 11, 12,17 and 18 July 1975 from Cyprus.

S/11766. Letter of 14 July 1975 from Secretary-Generalto Governments of all States Members of United Na-tions and members of specialized agencies, containingfurther appeal for voluntary contributions for financingof UNFICYP.

S/11767. Letter of 21 July 1975 from Cyprus.S/11769. Letter of 22 July 1975 from Turkey (transmitting

letter of 22 July 1975 from "Acting Representative ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus" (enclosing letterof 16 July 1975 from "Acting President of Turkish


Federated State of Cyprus and Deputy President ofConstituent Assembly")).

S/11770. Letter of 22 July 1975 from Turkey (transmittingletter of 22 July 1975 from "Acting President of TurkishFederated State of Cyprus" (attaching Turkish Cypriotproposals of 18 July 1975 for transitional joint govern-ment)).

S/11772. Letter of 22 July 1975 from Turkey (transmittingletter of 22 July 1975 from "Acting Representative ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus" (enclosing letter of30 June 1975 from "President of Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus")).

S/11773. Letter of 21 July 1975 from Turkey (transmittingletter of 21 July 1975 from "Acting Representative ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus" (enclosing letterof 30 June 1975 from "President of Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus")).

S/11777, S/11779, S/11785. Letters of 25 and 26 Julyand 1 August 1975 from Cyprus.

S/11787. Letter of 4 August 1975 from Turkey (transmit-ting letter of 4 August 1975 from "Acting Representa-tive of Turkish Federated State of Cyprus" (enclosingletter of 30 July 1975 from "President of TurkishFederated State of Cyprus")).

S/11815. Letter of 24 August 1975 from Turkey (trans-mitting letter of 23 August 1975 from "President ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus").

Reports of Secretary-General(August and September 1975)S/11789. Interim report of 5 August 1975 of Secretary-

General pursuant to Security Council resolution 370(1975) of 13 June 1975.

S/11789/Add.1. Second interim report, of 10 September1975, of Secretary-General pursuant to Security Coun-cil resolution 370(1975).

S/11789/Add.2. Third interim report, of 13 September1975, of Secretary-General pursuant to Security Coun-cil resolution 370(1975).

S/11824. Note of 18 September 1975 by Secretary-General.

Communications (1 September-31 October 1975)A/10242. Letter of 16 September 1975 from Cyprus (re-

quest for inclusion in agenda of item entitled: "Ques-tion of Cyprus").

A/10323. Letter of 22 September 1975 from Cyprus.S/11824. Note by Secretary-General.S/11825 (A/10256). Letter of 18 September 1975 from

Turkey (transmitting letter of 18 September 1975 from"Representative of Turkish Federated State of Cyprus").

S/11840 (A/10276). Letter of 2 October 1975 from Turkey(transmitting letter of 2 October 1975 from "ActingRepresentative of Turkish Federated State of Cyprus"(enclosing telegrams of 1 October 1975)).

S/11844 (A/10282). Letter of 6 October 1975 from Turkey(transmitting letter of 6 October 1975 from "ActingRepresentative of Turkish Federated State of Cyprus"(enclosing letter of 1 October 1975 from "President ofTurkish Federated State of Cyprus")).

S/11845 (A/10283). Letter of 6 October 1975 from Turkey(transmitting letter of 6 October 1975 from "ActingRepresentative of Turkish Federated State of Cyprus").

S/11847 (A/10292). Letter of 6 October 1975 from Turkey.S/11854 (A/10305). Letter of 17 October 1975 from

Cyprus.S/11859 (A/10310). Letter of 24 October 1975 from Turkey

(transmitting letter of 23 October 1975 from "Repre-sentative of Turkish Federated State of Cyprus").

S/11860 (A/10322). Letter of 27 October 1975 fromCyprus.

Consideration by the General Assembly

General Assembly—30th sessionGeneral Committee, meeting 225.Special Political Committee, meetings 975, 976.Plenary meetings 2353-2355, 2367, 2401, 2404-2407, 2411,

2413.

A/10001. Report of Secretary-General on work of Organi-zation, 16 June 1974-15 June 1975, Part One, Chapter II.

A/10002. Report of Security Council, 16 June 1974-15 June 1975, Chapter I.

A/10242. Letter of 16 September 1975 from Cyprus (re-quest for inclusion in agenda of item entitled: "Ques-tion of Cyprus").

A/10256 (S/11825), A/10276 (S/11840), A/10282(S/11844), A/10283 (S/11845), A/10292 (S/11847). Let-ters of 18 September and 2 and 6 October 1975 fromTurkey.

A/10305 (S/11854). Letter of 17 October 1975 fromCyprus.

A/10310 (S/11859). Letter of 24 October 1975 fromTurkey.

A/10322 (S/11860). Letter of 27 October 1975 fromCyprus.

A/10323. Letter of 22 September 1975 from Cyprus.A/10343 (S/11875). Letter of 8 November 1975 from

Turkey.A/10351. Letter of 12 November 1975 from Cyprus.A/10352. Report of Special Political Committee.A/10365. Letter of 17 November 1975 from Cyprus.A/10367 (S/11879). Letter of 17 November 1975 from

Turkey.A/10371. Letter of 19 November 1975 from Turkey.A/SPC/175. Letter of 30 September 1975 from President

of General Assembly to Chairman of Special PoliticalCommittee.

A/SPC/178. Letter of 11 November 1975 from Presidentof General Assembly to Chairman of Special PoliticalCommittee.

A/L.769. Cyprus: draft resolution.A/L.773. Turkey: draft resolution.A/L.774. Turkey: draft resolution.A/L.775 and Add.1,2. Algeria, Argentina, Guyana, India,

Kenya, Mali, Yugoslavia: draft resolution.A/L.776 and Rev.1. Saudi Arabia: draft resolution and

revision.A/L.777. Tunisia: amendment to 7-power draft resolution,

A/L.775.A/L.778. Saudi Arabia: amendment to 7-power draft

resolution, A/L.775.

Resolution 3395(XXX), as proposed by 7 powers, A/L.775,adopted by Assembly on 20 November 1975, meeting2413, by recorded vote of 117 to 1, with 9 absten-tions, as follows:

In favour: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Argentina,Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,Barbados, Belgium, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil,Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Byelorussian SSR, Cam-bodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, China,Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus,Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Domini-can Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, EquatorialGuinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, GermanDemocratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of,Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland,Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait,Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mada-


gascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands,New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Oman, Panama,Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia,Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, SyrianArab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,Tunisia, Uganda, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United ArabEmirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Came-roon, United Republic of Tanzania, Upper Volta,Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Yugloslavia, Zaire,Zambia.

Against: Turkey.Abstaining: Chile, Gambia, Iran, Israel, Jordan,

Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, United States.

The General Assembly,Having considered the question of Cyprus,Having heard the statements in the debate and taking

note of the report of the Special Political Committee,Noting with concern that four rounds of talks between

the representatives of the two communities in pursuanceof Security Council resolution 367(1975) of 12 March1975 have not yet led to a mutually acceptable settle-ment,

Deeply concerned at the continuation of the crisis inCyprus,

Mindful of the need to solve the Cyprus crisis withoutfurther delay by peaceful means in accordance with thepurposes and principles of the United Nations,

1. Reaffirms the urgent need for continued efforts forthe effective implementation in all its parts of GeneralAssembly resolution 3212(XXIX) of 1 November 1974endorsed by the Security Council in its resolution 365(1974) of 13 December 1974; and, to that end,

2. Calls once again upon all States to respect thesovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and non-alignment of the Republic of Cyprus and to refrain fromall acts and interventions directed against it;

3. Demands the withdrawal without further delay ofall foreign armed forces and foreign military presenceand personnel from the Republic of Cyprus, and thecessation of all foreign interference in its affairs;

urgent measures to facilitate the voluntary return of allrefugees to their homes in safety and to settle all otheraspects of the refugee problem;

ful and constructive manner of the negotiations betweenthe representatives of the two communities, under theauspices of the Secretary-General, to be conductedfreely on an equal footing with a view to reaching amutually acceptable agreement based on their funda-mental and legitimate rights;

6. Urges all parties to refrain from unilateral actionsin contravention of resolution 3212(XXIX), includingchanges in the demographic structure of Cyprus;

7. Requests the Secretary-General to continue hisrole in the negotiations between the representatives ofthe two communities;

8. Also requests the Secretary-General to bring thepresent resolution to the attention of the Security Coun-cil and to report on its implementation as soon as ap-propriate and not later than 31 March 1976;

9. Calls upon all parties to continue to co-operatefully with the United Nations Peace-keeping Force inCyprus;

10. Decides to remain seized of this question.

A/10419 (S/11895). Letter of 3 December 1975 fromCyprus.

Communications (November 1975)S/11875 (A/10343). Letter of 8 November 1975 from

Turkey.S/11879 (A/10367). Letter of 17 November 1975 from

Turkey (transmitting letter of 17 November 1975 from"Acting Representative of Turkish Federated State ofCyprus").

A/10351. Letter of 12 November 1975 from Cyprus (trans-mitting letter of 8 November 1975 from Secretary ofCommittee of Relatives of Enclaved Persons in KarpasRegion).

A/10365. Letter of 17 November 1975 from Cyprus.A/10371. Letter of 19 November 1975 from Turkey.

Report of Secretary-General (December 1975)S/11900 and Add.1. Report of Secretary-General of

8 December 1975 on United Nations operation inCyprus (for period 10 June-8 December 1975), andaddendum of 13 December 1975.

Consideration by SecurityCouncil (13 December 1975)

Security Council, meeting 1863.

S/11900 and Add.1. Report of Secretary-General onUnited Nations operation in Cyprus.

S/11910. Draft resolution.

Resolution 383(1975), prepared following consultationsamong Council members, S/11910, adopted by Councilon 13 December 1975, meeting 1863, by 14 votes infavour to 0 against (China did not participate in voting).

The Security Council,Noting from the report of the Secretary-General of 8

December 1975 (S/11900 and Add.1) that in existingcircumstances the presence of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus is still needed not only to main-tain the cease-fire but also to facilitate the continuedsearch for a peaceful settlement,

Noting from the report the conditions prevailing in theisland,

Noting further that, in paragraph 68 of his report, theSecretary-General has expressed the view that in thepresent circumstances the best available means of mak-ing progress towards a settlement is through continuedtalks between the representatives of the two communi-ties and that such talks can be fruitful only if the inter-locutors are ready and authorized to engage in meaning-ful negotiations on all essential aspects of a settlementof the Cyprus problem,

Noting also the concurrence of the parties concernedin the recommendation by the Secretary-General thatthe Security Council extend the stationing of the Forcein Cyprus for a further period of six months,

Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreedthat in view of the prevailing conditions in the island itis necessary to keep the Force in Cyprus beyond 15December 1975,

Noting that General Assembly resolution 3395(XXX)of 20 November 1975 reaffirmed the urgent need forcontinued efforts for the effective implementation in allits parts of General Assembly resolution 3212(XXIX) of1 November 1974 which was endorsed by the SecurityCouncil in its resolution 365(1974) of 13 December 1974,

1. Reaffirms the provisions of resolution 186(1964) of4 March 1964, as well as subsequent resolutions anddecisions on the establishment and maintenance of theUnited Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus and onother aspects of the situation in Cyprus;

4. Calls upon the parties concerned to undertake

5. Calls for the immediate resumption in a meaning-


2. Reaffirms its resolutions 365(1974) of 13 December1974 and 367(1975) of 12 March 1975 and calls for theirurgent and effective implementation;

3. Urges the parties concerned to act with the utmostrestraint and to continue and accelerate determined co-operative efforts to achieve the objectives of the SecurityCouncil;

4. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of theUnited Nations Peace-keeping Force, established underresolution 186(1964), for a further period ending 15 June1976 in the expectation that by then sufficient progresstowards a final solution will make possible a withdrawalor substantial reduction of the Force;

5. Appeals again to all parties concerned to extendtheir full co-operation to the Force in its continuing per-formance of its duties;

6. Requests the Secretary-General to continue themission of good offices entrusted to him by paragraph6 of resolution 367(1975), to keep the Council informedof the progress made and to submit a report not laterthan 31 March 1976.


Communications (December 1975)S/11895 (A/10419). Letter of 3 December 1975 from

Cyprus.S/11906. Letter of 10 December 1975 from Secretary-

General (transmitting Assembly resolution 3395(XXX)of 20 November 1975).

S/11926. Letter of 30 December 1975 from Cyprus.

Humanitarian and related matters

Assistance through the UnitedNations High Commissioner for Refugees

The United Nations High Commissioner forRefugees (UNHCR), Sadruddin Aga Khan, wasnominated by the Secretary-General as Co-ordina-tor of United Nations humanitarian assistance forCyprus in August 1974 to organize relief andassistance for persons displaced during the eventsof 1974. (See also page 552.) At the request ofthe Secretary-General, the High Commissioner con-tinued this programme during 1975 in consultationwith the authorities in Cyprus, the United NationsPeace-keeping Force in Cyprus, the other UnitedNations agencies and programmes concerned, andthe International Committee of the Red Cross.The Secretary-General informed the General As-sembly of the High Commissioner's activities inhis June and December 1975 reports on the UnitedNations operation in Cyprus (see section above).

In the early months of 1975, the High Com-missioner co-ordinated further emergency relief aidfor Cyprus with the support of other United Na-tions agencies. The overseas purchase and trans-portation of large quantities of basic food supplieswas organized through agreements with the WorldFood Programme, which also arranged transportto the island of substantial food contributions do-nated to UNHCR from various sources. Quantities ofmedical supplies and equipment were procured onbehalf of UNHCR by the World Health Organization(WHO), and the United Nations Children's Fundhelped procure other urgently needed items, in-cluding blankets, domestic utensils and heaters, toalleviate the hardship of the many thousands liv-ing in tents.

As the need for emergency relief aid declined,the High Commissioner concentrated on variousmeasures to help the displaced and needy attaina minimum level of self-sufficiency. New areas of

assistance included the provision of funds towardsconstruction costs of old people's homes andchild welfare centres, for educational materials, andfor the clearing of burnt forest areas to salvagetimber and prepare the ground for reforestation.Moreover, with the approach of a second winter,large-scale assistance was given to help providemore effective temporary accommodation for someof the 25,000 displaced persons still living intents and shacks.

The United Nations Peace-keeping Force inCyprus continued to provide support for humani-tarian activities on the island by delivering foodsupplies and other items to those in need, distribut-ing social welfare benefits, arranging and imple-menting the transfer of persons, visiting GreekCypriot villages in the north for humanitarianpurposes, providing medical assistance in emer-gency cases, and escorting work parties for repairsto essential services, for harvesting in confronta-tion areas and for an anti-malarial spraying cam-paign carried out between May and Decemberwith the co-operation of WHO.

With regard to financing the assistance, the tar-get of $9.3 million, which was the subject of anappeal launched by the High Commissioner inJanuary 1975 for resources to meet basic needsthrough April—mainly food and medical require-ments—was fully met by 30 April. Although nofurther general appeal was made to the interna-tional community during the rest of the year,substantial funds and donations in kind were againreceived and enabled UNHCR to meet not only thecontinuing priority requirements (food, medicalsupplies and shelters) but also some more specificneeds. Contributions pledged to the Cyprus pro-gramme in 1975 totalled $17,567,462. This in-cluded contributions in kind valued at some$6,201,000. Major commitments in the course of


the year were for food ($5,897,000), emergencyshelter and temporary accommodation ($3,450,000)and medical requirements ($1,106,000).

The Secretary-General in his December reportto the Assembly stated that although in generalterms the situation of the displaced and needypersons in the island had improved somewhat inthe course of 1975, there continued to be morethan 200,000 Cypriots in all parts of the islandwho depended on public assistance. Governmentstatistics showed, the Secretary-General stated, thatat the end of October 1975 a total of 183,000Greek Cypriots were displaced and living in thesouth. The number of that total who could sup-port themselves had risen to 45,000, indicatingsome improvement in the economy and a corre-sponding increase in employment. Following thetransfer of the bulk of the Turkish Cypriot popu-lation from the south to the north, their numberliving in the south and supported by the GreekCypriot authorities had decreased to 62. Accord-ing to the Turkish Cypriot leadership, theSecretary-General stated, there were over 40,000Turkish Cypriots in the north and in the enclaveof Kokkina who had become displaced or needyand were being supplied with food commodities.Also in the north there were some 9,000 GreekCypriots and some 1,000 Maronites supported withfood commodities and allowances from GreekCypriot sources.

In these circumstances, the Secretary-Generalstated in his December report, he had requestedthe High Commissioner to continue as Co-ordina-tor of relief for a limited but unspecified periodin 1976.

Decisions of Commission on Human RightsDuring 1975, the question of missing and dis-

placed persons in Cyprus was discussed by theCommission on Human Rights at its thirty-firstsession held in February/March at Geneva, Swit-zerland. On 13 February, it adopted without a votea resolution by the preambular part of which itinter alia recalled the General Assembly's 1974decision on Cyprus,11 expressed its alarm at thecontinuation of the crisis there and expressed itsgrave concern over the continuation of humansuffering in Cyprus; it also expressed the hopethat the negotiations then under way would helpalleviate such suffering.

By the operative part of the resolution, the Com-mission called upon all parties to adhere strictlyto the principles of the United Nations Charter,international instruments in the field of humanrights and the relevant resolutions of the GeneralAssembly and the Security Council, and to work

towards the full restoration of human rights to thepopulation of Cyprus. The Commission also calledupon the parties to undertake urgent measures forthe return of all refugees to their homes in safety.

The Commission called for an intensification ofefforts aimed at tracing and accounting for missingpersons, and expressed its support for the Assem-bly's request to the Secretary-General to continuelending his good offices to the parties concernedand to provide United Nations humanitarian assist-ance to all parts of the population in Cyprus.Finally, the Secretary-General was requested toprovide the Commission at its 1976 session withinformation relevant to the implementation of theCommission's resolution.

The Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimi-nation and Protection of Minorities, at its twenty-eighth session held in August/September 1975 atGeneva, also discussed the question of Cyprus. On10 September it adopted a resolution by the pre-ambular part of which it also recalled the Assem-bly's 1974 decision on Cyprus and in particular itscall for the safe return of all refugees to theirhomes. It further recalled the decision of theCommission on Human Rights of 13 February1975, and in particular the provision calling uponall parties concerned to adhere strictly to theprinciples of the United Nations Charter, inter-national instruments in the field of human rightsand the relevant United Nations resolutions, andto undertake urgent measures for the return of allrefugees to their homes. It noted that those UnitedNations resolutions had not been implemented.

By the operative part of the resolution, theSub-Commission expressed concern at the continu-ing plight of the displaced persons in Cyprus, in-vited the parties concerned to do their utmost fora just solution and for the return of those personsto their homes in safety in accordance with UnitedNations resolutions, and requested the Commissionon Human Rights to review, at its 1976 session, theimplementation of the Sub-Commission's resolution.

Decisions of General AssemblyIn 1975, the General Assembly considered and

adopted a resolution on the question of missingpersons in Cyprus. The question was discussed inthe Assembly's Third (Social, Humanitarian andCultural) Committee during its consideration ofthe report of the Economic and Social Council.

On 12 November, a draft resolution, ultimatelysponsored by Cuba, Cyprus, Dahomey, Guyana,Malta and Panama, was introduced. By that text,

11 See Y.U.N., 1974, p. 295, text of resolution 3212(XXIX) of1 November 1974.


in its preambular part, the Assembly would recallits 1974 decision on Cyprus and note the 1975resolution of the Commission on Human Rights(see above). The Assembly would also expressgrave concern about the fate of over 2,000 Cypriotsmissing as a result of armed conflict in Cyprus andand appreciation of the work of the InternationalCommittee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in that field.In addition, the assembly would reaffirm the basichuman need of families in Cyprus to be informedabout missing relatives.

By the operative part of the six-power draft, theAssembly would request the Secretary-General toexert every effort in assisting the tracing andaccounting for persons missing as a result of armedconflict in Cyprus, and to provide the Commissionon Human Rights for its 1976 session with informa-tion on the implementation of the resolution.

The representative of Cyprus, introducing thedraft text in the Third Committee, spoke of thelarge number of people searching for missing rela-tives who had disappeared during the events ofthe summer of 1974 in Cyprus. Over 2,000 personswere still unaccounted for, he said, and no realprogress had been made in tracing them. He re-gretted that ICRC had been unable to carry out itsinvestigations because the Turkish authorities hadrefused to grant the necessary authorization. Inthe circumstances, the only person who could con-duct a thorough and impartial inquiry, the Cypriotrepresentative suggested, was the Secretary-Generalof the United Nations, with the assistance of ICRC.

The representative of Turkey opposed the intro-duction of the draft resolution, arguing that thequestion of Cyprus, including its social andhumanitarian aspects, had been allocated to theSpecial Political Committee and was not withinthe competence of the Third Committee. The dis-appearance of many persons in Cyprus, he stated,had been due to a fratricidal struggle betweenGreek Cypriots belonging to the rival factions andto the coup d'état led by Nikos Sampson in July1974. Immediately after the 1974 hostilities, theprisoners in Cyprus on both sides had been ex-changed and Turkey had officially and categoricallydeclared that it held no more Greek Cypriot pris-oners. Reliable information about this was avail-able from authoritative sources, such as ICRC,which had visited Turkey and Cyprus without anyhindrance. There was no need for the Assembly tocall upon the Secretary-General to trace missingpersons, he stated, since ICRC had already fulfilledits responsibilities in that field; nor was the refer-ence in the six-power draft to the resolution ofthe Commission on Human Rights warranted sinceit had already been implemented.

The representative of Greece stated that loss ofhuman life and disappearances could not be entirelyattributed to the 1974 coup d'état—in which therewas no denying that the Greek military junta hadbeen involved. Cyprus had subsequently been in-vaded by 40,000 Turkish troops, she said, and hadbecome the field of military operations lasting formore than four weeks. The draft resolution dealtwith persons who had survived those events butof whom there had since been no trace; the fami-lies of those persons should not be denied theright to know what had happened to them, shecontinued, even if they had died.

On 13 November, the representative of Turkeysubmitted four amendments to the six-power draftresolution. By the first, the reference to the Gen-eral Assembly's 1974 decision would be eliminated;by the second, the preambular paragraph referringto over 2,000 Cypriots missing as a result of armedconflict in Cyprus would be changed to omit thenumber and refer to persons missing as a resultof violence and conflict in Cyprus; by the thirdamendment, the operative paragraph by whichthe Secretary-General was requested to exert everyeffort to trace missing persons would be changedto urge ICRC to continue its efforts to that end;and by the fourth amendment, the operative para-graph by which the Secretary-General was askedto provide information on the implementation ofthe resolution of the Human Rights Commissionwould be omitted.

The representative of Pakistan expressed thehope that the Turkish amendments would be ex-amined in the constructive spirit in which they hadbeen submitted, and proposed that the thirdamendment be modified to include a reference toappropriate international organizations. Turkeyaccepted the sub-amendment so that by that textthe Assembly would urge appropriate interna-tional organizations such as ICRC to continue theirefforts in assisting the tracing and accounting formissing persons as a result of conflict in Cyprus.

The representative of Cyprus was opposed tothe amendments proposed by Turkey. By its 1974decision on Cyprus, the United Nations had givena mandate to the Secretary-General on humani-tarian matters, including the question of missingpersons, he said, and the Secretary-General hadbeen exercising and continued to exercise his func-tion under that mandate. However, in a spirit ofcompromise, the Cypriot representative said, hewas prepared to accept the insertion of a referenceto ICRC in the operative paragraph requesting theSecretary-General to exert every effort to assist intracing missing persons. This decision was in ad-dition to an earlier decision of the six sponsors to


replace the words "over 2,000" by the words "aconsiderable number of" when referring to thenumber of persons missing. The sponsors had sug-gested that amendment in the hope of facilitatingthe Third Committee's task.

On a proposal of the USSR, supported by CostaRica, Madagascar and Portugal, the Third Com-mittee decided to postpone voting on the amend-ments and the draft resolution to enable the Mem-bers to study them thoroughly.

When the draft resolution and the amendmentswere again taken up by the Third Committee on17 November, the representative of Turkey pro-posed that a representative of the Turkish Cypriotcommunity, as one of the two principal partiesinvolved in the question of Cyprus, be invited tomake a statement before the vote on the draftresolution. He recalled that this was the practicerecently followed by the Special Political Com-mittee.

Cyprus stated that the process of voting hadactually begun when the Committee had agreedto postponement and that consequently, underthe rules of procedure, it was not possible for theCommittee to reopen the debate or to hear any-one.

Turkey stated that the process of voting hadnot begun, and urged the Committee to allow arepresentative of the Turkish Cypriot communityto speak. Jordan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia andTunisia spoke in favour of the Turkish proposal.The USSR stated that representatives of both com-munities had spoken on all matters at issue in thatcountry, including missing persons, before theSpecial Political Committee, and that in his viewthere was no need for a representative of theTurkish Cypriot community to speak before theThird Committee. Cuba and Greece stated that intheir view the Third Committee could only heara representative of the Turkish Cypriot commu-nity on the basis of a decision by the GeneralAssembly.

When on 19 November the question of whetheror not the Third Committee had started the pro-cess of voting was put to a roll-call vote, the Com-

mittee decided, by 53 votes to 8, with 57 absten-tions, that it had.

The Third Committee then proceeded to voteon the amendments submitted by the representa-tive of Turkey: the first amendment was rejectedby a recorded vote of 62 to 10, with 47 absten-tions; the second was rejected by a recorded voteof 26 to 20, with 73 abstentions; the third was re-jected by a recorded vote of 33 to 17, with 70abstentions; and the fourth was rejected by arecorded vote of 42 to 7, with 70 abstentions. Thesix-power draft, as revised by the sponsors, wasthen approved by the Third Committee by a re-corded vote of 98 to 1, with 21 abstentions.

On the recommendation of the Third Commit-tee, the General Assembly, on 9 December 1975,adopted the six-power text as resolution 3450(XXX) by a recorded vote of 106 to 0, with 26abstentions.

By that resolution, the Assembly, in the pre-ambular part, recalled its decision of 1 November1974 and noted the resolution adopted by theCommission on Human Rights on 13 February1975. It also expressed its grave concern about thefate of a considerable number of Cypriots missingas a result of armed conflict in Cyprus, and itsappreciation of the work of ICRC in this field, andreaffirmed the basic human need of families inCyprus to be informed about missing relatives.

By the operative part, the Assembly requestedthe Secretary-General to exert every effort, in closeco-operation with ICRC, to assist in tracing and ac-counting for persons missing as a result of armedconflict in Cyprus, and to provide the Commissionon Human Rights at its 1976 session with informa-tion relevant to the implementation of the resolu-tion.

(For text of resolution 3450(XXX), see DOCU-MENTARY REFERENCES below.)

Turkey, in explanation of vote in plenary, saidit took the view that on any matter pertaining toCyprus the two communities should have an equalopportunity to express their views. Therefore, ir-respective of the substance of the draft resolution,it would not participate in the vote.

Documentary references

Assistance through the UnitedNations High Commissioner for RefugeesA/10001. Report of Secretary-General on work of Organi-

zation, 16 June 1974-15 June 1975, Part One, ChapterII B 2.

A/10012. Report of United Nations High Commissionerfor Refugees, Chapter III B.

S/11717 and Corr.1. Report by Secretary-General onUnited Nations operation in Cyprus (for period 7 De-cember 1974-9 June 1975), Chapter IV.

S/11900 and Add.1. Report by Secretary-General on

United Nations operation in Cyprus (for period 10June-8 December 1975), Chapter IV.

Decisions of Commission on Human RightsE/5635. Report of Commission on Human Rights on its

31st session, Geneva, Switzerland, 3 February-7 March1975, Chapters Vlll A and XXIII A (resolution 4(XXXI)).

E/CN/4/1180. Report of Sub-Commission on Preventionof Discrimination and Protection of Minorities on its28th session, Geneva, 25 August-12 September 1975,Chapters IX and XXI A (resolution 1 (XXVIII)).


Decisions of General Assembly

General Assembly—30th sessionThird Committee, meetings 2156-2159, 2162, 2164.Plenary meeting 2433.

A/C.3/L.2173 and Rev.1. Cuba, Cyprus, Dahomey, Guyana,Malta, Panama: draft resolution and revision, approvedby Third Committee on 19 November 1975, meeting2164, by recorded vote of 98 to 1, with 21 abstentions,as follows:

In favour: Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Bahrain, Bar-bados, Belgium, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bul-garia, Burma, Byelorussian SSR, Canada, Chile, Colom-bia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia,Dahomey, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,Gambia, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Fed-eral Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy,Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon,Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Republic, Luxembourg,Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mexico, Mongolia, Mo-zambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger,Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone,Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland,Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trini-dad and Tobago, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United ArabEmirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tan-zania, United States, Upper Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela,Yugoslavia, Zambia.

Against: Turkey.Abstaining: Afghanistan, Australia, Bahamas, Chad,

China, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Mada-gascar, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, PapuaNew Guinea, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Uganda, UnitedRepublic of Cameroon, Zaire.

A/C.3/L.2178. Turkey: amendments to 6-power draft res-olution, A/C.3/L.2173.

A/10284/Add.1. Report of Third Committee (part II) (onreport of Economic and Social Council), draft resolu-tion Vlll.

Resolution 3450(XXX), as recommended by Third Com-mittee, A/10284/Add.1, adopted by Assembly on 9 De-cember 1975, meeting 2433, by recorded vote of 106to 0, with 26 abstentions, as follows:

In favour: Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Bahamas,Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Byelorus-sian SSR, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica,Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Den-mark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, EquatorialGuinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia,German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re-public of, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary,Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica,Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon,Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Republic, Luxembourg,Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico,Mongolia, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zea-land, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, SierraLeone, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland,Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trini-dad and Tobago, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United ArabEmirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Came-roon, United Republic of Tanzania, United States,Upper Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Yugoslavia,Zambia.

Against: None.Abstaining: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Chad,

China, Comoros, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,Jordan, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman,Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Rwanda, SaudiArabia, Somalia, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire.

The General Assembly,Recalling its resolution 3212(XXIX) of 1 November 1974,Noting resolution 4(XXXI) adopted by the Commission

on Human Rights on 13 February 1975,Gravely concerned about the fate of a considerable

number of Cypriots who are missing as a result of armedconflict in Cyprus,

Appreciating the work of the International Committeeof the Red Cross in this field,

Reaffirming the basic human need of families in Cyprusto be informed about missing relatives,

1. Requests the Secretary-General to exert everyeffort, in close co-operation with the International Com-mittee of the Red Cross, to assist in tracing and account-ing for persons missing as a result of armed conflict inCyprus;

2. Requests the Secretary-General to provide theCommission on Human Rights at its thirty-second sessionwith information relevant to the implementation of thepresent resolution.

Chapter XII

Admission of new Members and related matters

Admission of new Members in 1975

During 1975, the number of United Nations Papua New Guinea, the Comoros and Surinam—Member States rose to 144. Six more States— were admitted to United Nations membership byCape Verde, Sao Tome and Principe, Mozambique, the General Assembly on the Security Council's

chapter xi the situation in...

Documents