CHAPTER IBASIC PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING

EVALUATION

Juwita Sitorus4113332002

A. The characteristic of Education Objective

Each country exactly have the goal about their citizen that will be directed. The goal of Indonesia nation is to form Pancasila human for all of citizen. All of institution or education institute must direct all of activities for objective achiever in school. This is called general objective education which printed explicitly in Garis-garis Besar Haluan Negara.

The objective of national education have function as frame of reference for the next become instructional objective.

General objective formula are :“Improvement in education field based on Pancasila philosophy and directed to form human building which have Pancasila and to form Indonesia human who have healthy in physical and spiritual, have knowledge and skill, able to develop the creativity and responsibility, able to develop the democration attitude and solidarity. Able to develop the high intelligent and glorious character, loving their nation and loving each people agree with UUD 1945”.

To be able to fill the expectations of achievement mastery in this curricular program, formulated for every field of study.1. Instutional purpose is the purpose from every institute or department. Every institute has been planed that suitable with the alumnus expectation. 2. Curricular purpose is the purpose for every field of study, for example:And so on which will be different from one field of study to another institute level. But between the purposing of curricular in institute there is relation with another curricular purpose institute.

3. Every purpose, both instutional and curricular goals is always a donation for reaching the general goals, namely: national education goals.

There are 2 types the instructional goals, namely:1. General instructional objectives.2. Specific instructional objectives.

In planning the learning system that will be done, the first step is making the instructional objective. The instructional objectives are:

1. Teacher have direction for: Choosing subject Choosing learning procedure (method).

2. Student understanding the learning direction.

3. Every teacher knowing the assignment limit and their authority in teaching a topic, so that the possibility to make gap or overlap between teacher is decreased.

4. Teacher have standard when giving value on student progressive learning.

5. Teacher as executor and as decision maker have criteria to evaluate the quality or the learning efficiency.

Before learning, the student can’t make specification table. After learning, they can make specification table. In realization of new system, for example module learning system or complete learning strategy, the instructional objective had known by the student before learning.

The steps for forming the special instructional objectives are: Making some TIU (Purpose of general instructional) for

every subjects that teached. In Curriculum 1975 and 1984, TIU in lines of teaching program. To make the formula used the common verbs and can’t be measured because the change of attitude in human (intern).

From each TIU explained to be some TIK that clear formulation, specific, can be observed, measured, and showing the change of attitude.

Examples of TIU formulation are: Understanding the evaluation theory. Knowing the different of score and value. Understanding how to find the validity. Comprehend fully the purposes to following

theuniversity lecture correctly. Respect the honesty student in doing the test.

1. Final attitudeFinal attitude is character that found after someone following the study process. In there, the attitude must show in action that can be observed and measured.

2. Operational wordsa. Cognitive domain: levels and corresponding

action verbs1) Knowledge2) Comprehension3) Application4) Analysis5) Systhesis6) Evaluation

b. Affective domain; learning levels and corresponding action verbs.7) Reesiving8) Responding9) Valuing10) Organization11) Characterization by value complex

c. Psychomotor domain1) Muscular or motor skills2) Manipulation of materials or object3) Neuromuscular coordination

The general objective of instructional can be formulated on formula that explaining:a. Materi that learnedb. Attitude which showing the resultc. Achievement process

B. Meaning of measurement, Valuation, and Evaluation Measurement is comparing something by one

standard, this is quantitative measurement.

Valuation is taking a decision with something by good or bad, this is qualitative measurement.

Evaluation is containing both of the way above, namely measuring and valuating.

1. Educational ValuationIf school is feed as place to process something and student candidate is feed as raw material so the graduated from the school can be equal with technology, so place of processing called transformation.If described on diagram shape will be seen as follow: InputThe raw material that entered into transformation OutputThe product that resulted by transformation, as an alumnus in this case.

TransformationTransformation is machine which used to change the raw material become product material, in this case the meaning of transformation is school. Raw material that expected is alumnus who is determined by some factor as the result of unsure that exist.Unsure that have function as determine factor in school activities are:a. Student itselfb. Teacher and other personc. Teaching Method and Evaluation systemd. Infrastructuree. Administration system

Feed BackMeaning of feed back is all of good information that concerned with ouput or transformation. That’s why the values in school have many aspect that commonly shown by student, alumnus and education process fully.

2. The objective or function of valuing

a. The values as selective functionThe values itself have many objectives, such as: Choosing the student who can be accepted in

certain school. Choosing the student who can be entered to the

next class. Choosing the student who must be gotten a

scholarship. Choosing the student who have competence to

leave the school.

b. The values as diagnosis functionBy valuing, actually teacher making diagnosis process for student about the goodness and the weakness. By knowing the causes of this weakness will be easy to find the problem solving.

c. The values as placing functionDetermining exactly in where group a student is placed, and used a valuing.

d. The values as succes rule functionThe fourth functions of this values are to know how the program success including.

3. Characteristic of valuing and educationo Valuing is done indirectly.o Using the quantitative measurement.

o Using the stability unit.o Relativeo Have mistaken frequently.

The source of mistake can be gotten from many factors, that are:1) Based on the measure rule2) Based on the person who making value.3) Based on the student who is valued.4) Based on the condition where the valuing

exist.