CHAPTER EIGHTCHAPTER EIGHT

CANADACANADA

A. Atlantic ProvincesA. Atlantic Provinces1.1. Province: Political division Province: Political division

in in CanadaCanada (similar to a (similar to a statestate))

a.a. NewfoundlandNewfoundland

b.b. Prince Edward Prince Edward IslandIsland

c.c. NovaNova ScotiaScotia

d.d. NewNew Brunswick Brunswick

B. GeographyB. Geography2.2. Northernmost part of the Northernmost part of the

Appalachian Appalachian MountainMountain Chain Chaina.a. Deciduous Deciduous forestsforests

b.b. Rugged Rugged MountainsMountains

c.c. Thousands of Thousands of lakeslakes

d.d. Thin Thin rocky soilrocky soil• What may have caused this type of What may have caused this type of

surface?surface?

C. Maritime ProvincesC. Maritime Provinces1.1. AnotherAnother namename for the Atlantic for the Atlantic

ProvincesProvinces2.2. Maritime: Bordering the Maritime: Bordering the oceanocean

a.a. Hundreds of bays and inletsHundreds of bays and inletsb.b. Provides access to Provides access to fishingfishingc.c. Most people live on the Most people live on the coastcoast

3.3. Economic Activities:Economic Activities:a.a. FishingFishingb.b. FarmingFarmingc.c. LumberingLumbering

4. THE GRAND BANKS4. THE GRAND BANKSa.a. World’s richest World’s richest fishingfishing area area

LobsterLobster HerringHerring ScallopsScallops

5.5. Over-fishing: TakingOver-fishing: Taking fishfish faster than faster than they can reproducethey can reproduce

a.a. Lowered Lowered fishfish population population

b.b. Fewer fishing Fewer fishing boatsboats go outgo out

c.c. Fewer fishermen have jobsFewer fishermen have jobs

6.6. New industries:New industries: TourismTourism & Oil & Oil

D. ONTARIO & QUEBEC D. ONTARIO & QUEBEC 1.1. The The heartlandheartland of Canadaof Canada2.2. Three Different LandscapesThree Different Landscapes

a.a. Canadian Canadian ShieldShield: Mostly exposed : Mostly exposed bedrockbedrock with some forests with some forests

Almost uninhabited (Almost uninhabited (no peopleno people))

b.b. Hudson Hudson BayBay Lowlands: Lowlands: Flat, swampy Flat, swampy regionregion between the Canadian between the Canadian

Shield and The Hudson Shield and The Hudson BayBay

c.c. St. Lawrence Lowlands:St. Lawrence Lowlands: Rich Rich soilsoil & relatively & relatively mildmild climate climate 6060% of Canada’s population lives here% of Canada’s population lives here

E. ONTARIOE. ONTARIO1.1. Most important resource, their Most important resource, their

system of system of waterwayswaterways::a.a. Great LakesGreat Lakes

St. St. LawrenceLawrence Seaway Seaway Lock: Enclosed Lock: Enclosed part of a canalpart of a canal where where

ships are raised or loweredships are raised or lowered

b.b. Second: Rich, Second: Rich, fertilefertile soil (Farming) soil (Farming)

c.c. Third: ManufacturingThird: Manufacturing

F. QuebecF. Quebec1.1. Canada’s Canada’s largestlargest Province (Not Province (Not

territory)territory)2.2. Most is covered by the CanadianMost is covered by the Canadian

ShieldShield3.3. Some Some farmingfarming and mining along the and mining along the

St. Lawrence River.St. Lawrence River.4.4. Many Quebec's people work in Many Quebec's people work in

factoriesfactories or service jobs. or service jobs. 5.5. FRENCHFRENCH is the dominantis the dominant languagelanguage

G. Prairie ProvincesG. Prairie Provinces1.1. ManitobaManitoba2.2. AlbertaAlberta3.3. SaskatchewanSaskatchewan

a.a. Rolling Rolling wheat-fieldswheat-fieldsb.b. Semiarid, Semiarid,

Short, Short, hot summershot summers and long, and long, Cold wintersCold winters..a.a. Clear Clear cold lakescold lakes (The ice just melted) (The ice just melted)

4.4. Cities:Cities:a.a. Largest cities are Largest cities are along the RxRalong the RxR routes routes

WHY????WHY????

ECONOMYECONOMY1.1. Most of Canada’s Most of Canada’s grains and beefgrains and beef

2.2. WheatWheat is the major crop is the major crop

3.3. Recently, large deposits of Recently, large deposits of oiloil and and natural natural gasgas have been discovered have been discovered in in AlbertaAlberta

4.4. This has “fueled” the rapid growth of This has “fueled” the rapid growth of Alberta's two largest citiesAlberta's two largest cities

a.a. EdmontonEdmonton

b.b. CalgaryCalgary

I. BRITISH COLUMBIAI. BRITISH COLUMBIA1.1. Almost entirely enclosed in Almost entirely enclosed in

mountainsmountains!!

2.2. Rich in Rich in mineralsminerals, forests and , forests and fishingfishing

3.3. One of the One of the richestrichest provinces in provinces in Canada!Canada!

4.4. Population has grown due to:Population has grown due to:

a.a. Warm Warm climateclimate

b.b. Beautiful Beautiful sceneryscenery

5. Vancouver:5. Vancouver:

a.a. LargestLargest city in the province city in the province

b.b. Major Major seaportseaport on the Pacific on the Pacific OceanOcean

c.c. Importance has increased as Importance has increased as trade with trade with Asia Asia has increasedhas increased

d.d. StrongStrong economic ties economic ties with U.S.with U.S.

J. NORTHERN TERRITORIESJ. NORTHERN TERRITORIES

a.a. YukonYukon Territory Territoryb.b. Northwest TerritoryNorthwest Territoryc.c. NunavutNunavut TerritoryTerritory

1.1. 40%40% of Canadian land area of Canadian land area2.2. Only Only 1%1% of Canada’s of Canada’s

populationpopulation3.3. Almost all live along the Almost all live along the

Mackenzie Mackenzie RiverRiver

K. NUNAVUTK. NUNAVUT1.1. NewestNewest Territory of Canada Territory of Canada

a.a. April 1, 1999April 1, 1999

2.2. Formerly, part of Northwest Formerly, part of Northwest TerritoryTerritory

3.3. Mostly populated by Mostly populated by InuitInuit1.1. Only Only 11% of the population% of the population

4.4. Capital: IqualuitCapital: Iqualuita.a. PlacePlace where the fish where the fish areare

L. InuitL. Inuit1.1. Means, Means, ““The PeopleThe People””2.2. We call them We call them EskimosEskimos3.3. At one time they hunted At one time they hunted

with dog-sleds and with dog-sleds and spearsspears..4.4. Now they Now they hunthunt with with

snowmobiles and snowmobiles and riflesrifles

M. NATIONAL IDENTITYM. NATIONAL IDENTITY1.1. Canadians don’t consider Canadians don’t consider

themselves Canadiansthemselves Canadiansa.a. French CanadiansFrench Canadians

b.b. BritishBritish Canadians Canadians

c.c. Inuit (Inuit (EskimoEskimo))

d.d. Native AmericansNative Americans

N. BRIEF HISTORYN. BRIEF HISTORY1.1. FirstFirst Canadians: Canadians:

a.a. Inuit and Inuit and NativeNative Americans Americans

b.b. Probably came across a Probably came across a land-land-bridgebridge which in now the Bering which in now the Bering StraightStraight

c.c. Inuit mostly live in the Inuit mostly live in the colder colder NorthNorth

d.d. Native Americans mostly live near Native Americans mostly live near the Great the Great LakesLakes and Pacific Ocean. and Pacific Ocean.

O. The Colonial WarsO. The Colonial Wars1.1. FranceFrance v.v. EnglandEngland

2.2. Four wars lasted from 1689 to Four wars lasted from 1689 to 17631763

3.3. Battle of Quebec: Battle of Quebec: BritishBritish soundly soundly defeateddefeated the the FrenchFrench

4.4. France France surrenderedsurrendered all of its all of its claims to Canadaclaims to Canada

P. PART OF P. PART OF ENGLANDENGLAND1.1. For over 100 years, Canada was For over 100 years, Canada was

under under direct controldirect control of England of England

2.2. In 1867, Canada was given In 1867, Canada was given partialpartial freedomfreedom from England from England

3.3. In 1931, Canada became an In 1931, Canada became an independentindependent country country

4.4. However, Canada’s symbolic ruler However, Canada’s symbolic ruler is still the English is still the English king/queenking/queen

Q. CONFLICTING CULTURESQ. CONFLICTING CULTURES1.1. When England took control of Canada, When England took control of Canada,

70,00070,000 French colonists lived there. French colonists lived there.

2.2. England England promisedpromised (in return for (in return for French cooperation), that they could French cooperation), that they could keepkeep their language, their language, customscustoms and laws. and laws.

3.3. With With EnglishEnglish as the dominant as the dominant languagelanguage, French-Canadians , French-Canadians feelfeel that that they are discriminated against in they are discriminated against in jobsjobs and societyand society

a.a. Discrimination: Discrimination: Judging Judging peoplepeople based on race or based on race or religionreligion

4.4. Many French-Canadians are Many French-Canadians are calling for calling for SeparatismSeparatism (Secede). (Secede).

a.a. Separatism: aSeparatism: a group group seeking seeking political separation.political separation.

b.b. Secede: To Secede: To leaveleave a political a political unionunion

Q. CONFLICTING CULTURESQ. CONFLICTING CULTURES

R. MULTICULTURAL SOCIETYR. MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY

1.1. Canada is made-up of Canada is made-up of many many groupsgroups of peoples of peoples

a.a. Inuit, Inuit, NativeNative Americans, Americans, FrenchFrench and Englishand English

2.2. Canada allows refugees from Canada allows refugees from many parts of many parts of the worldthe world to to immigrate.immigrate.

3.3. Many peoples from Many peoples from AsiaAsia have have settled in British Columbiasettled in British Columbia

S. Uniting CanadaS. Uniting Canada1.1. Communication:Communication:

a.a. MostMost all remote regions all remote regions havehave telecommunication capacitytelecommunication capacity

b.b. RadioRadio

c.c. Satellite Satellite PhonePhone

2.2. Transportation:Transportation:a.a. Some HighwaysSome Highways

b.b. Many Many RailroadsRailroads

T. Canadian ResourcesT. Canadian Resources1.1. Canada Canada has manyhas many resources resources

2.2. However, the However, the harshharsh environment makes it environment makes it hardhard to get to these resourcesto get to these resources

3.3. Many Canadians feel that Many Canadians feel that they must they must not harmnot harm the land the land to get at these resourcesto get at these resources

U. CANADA & U.SU. CANADA & U.S.. 1.1. Longest undefended Longest undefended border border

in the world, more than in the world, more than 5,0005,000 miles miles

2.2. Customs are Customs are NOTNOT charged charged between countries.between countries.

a.a. Customs: Taxes charged by Customs: Taxes charged by one country on one country on stuff peoplestuff people bring into another bring into another countrycountry

3.3. CULTURAL LINKSCULTURAL LINKSa.a. Most Canadians Most Canadians livelive close to the close to the U. S.U. S. border border

b.b. Watch our Watch our TVTV programs programs

c.c. Listen to our Listen to our radioradio stations stations

d.d. Shopping is just a Shopping is just a short driveshort drive across the across the borderborder

e.e. Many Canadians cross to get Many Canadians cross to get medicalmedical attentionattention

f.f. Some Professional Some Professional sportssports teams teams BaseballBaseball HockeyHockey

U. CANADA & U. SU. CANADA & U. S..

V. Economic LinksV. Economic Links1.1. Canada and the U.S. are Canada and the U.S. are

very very closely tiedclosely tied economicallyeconomically

a.a. Canada buys nearly Canada buys nearly 2323% of% of everythingeverything the U.S. exports the U.S. exports

b.b. The U.S. buys nearly The U.S. buys nearly 8787% of % of everythingeverything Canada exports Canada exports

2. N.A.F.T.A. North 2. N.A.F.T.A. North AmericanAmerican Free Free TradeTrade AgreementAgreementa.a. Eliminated Eliminated tariffstariffs between between

Canada, Mexico & U.S.Canada, Mexico & U.S.

b.b. Tariff: Taxes charged when Tariff: Taxes charged when one one countrycountry sells stuff in sells stuff in another another country.country.

V. Economic LinksV. Economic Links

W. An Uneven RelationshipW. An Uneven Relationship1.1. Some Canadians feel that they Some Canadians feel that they

are too are too influenced by U.S.influenced by U.S.

2.2. Since what the Since what the U.S.U.S. does often does often affects affects CanadaCanada, Canadians , Canadians often often follow eventsfollow events in the in the U.S.U.S.

3.3. How much do you know about How much do you know about Canada? What is the latest Canada? What is the latest news?news?

X. Links with the WorldX. Links with the World1.1. Canada is a Canada is a middlemiddle-power-power

a.a. Middle-power countries Middle-power countries join with other join with other countriescountries to do something to do something

2.2. Important Location:Important Location:a.a. Major Major portsports on both the on both the AtlanticAtlantic and and

PacificPacific allows trade with Europe & allows trade with Europe & AsiaAsia

3.3. Commonwealth of NationsCommonwealth of Nationsa.a. Formerly Formerly EnglishEnglish colonies coloniesb.b. Work together to promote Work together to promote tradetrade

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