Chapter 8Chapter 8

The Origins of RomeThe Origins of Rome

Geography played an important role in the Geography played an important role in the rise of Roman civilizationrise of Roman civilization

Italy is a long, narrow Italy is a long, narrow peninsula peninsula with a with a distinct shape distinct shape

Origins of RomeOrigins of Rome

The Alps are located at the top of the The Alps are located at the top of the “boot”“boot”

These mountains separate Italy from These mountains separate Italy from the rest of Europe*the rest of Europe*

Another mountain range runs the Another mountain range runs the length of the boot from north to length of the boot from north to south – south – ApenninesApennines

Origins of RomeOrigins of Rome

GreeceGreece

Mountains more Mountains more rugged than Italy’srugged than Italy’s

Difficulty of crossing Difficulty of crossing caused the caused the development of development of isolated communitiesisolated communities

ItalyItaly

Mountains less rugged Mountains less rugged than Greece’sthan Greece’s

Large, flat plains of Large, flat plains of better farmland better farmland allowed more people allowed more people to settle in Italy than to settle in Italy than in Greecein Greece

Where was Rome located?Where was Rome located? The site chosen for The site chosen for

Rome was about 15 Rome was about 15 miles up the miles up the Tiber Tiber RiverRiver from the from the Mediterranean Sea on Mediterranean Sea on the plain of the plain of Latium.Latium.

Why do you think this Why do you think this area was chosen as area was chosen as Rome’s location?Rome’s location?

Where was Rome Where was Rome located?located?

Rome was built on seven steep hills, Rome was built on seven steep hills, so the Romans were able to defend so the Romans were able to defend their city against enemy attack. their city against enemy attack.

Rome was also located at a place Rome was also located at a place where people could easily cross the where people could easily cross the Tiber RiverTiber River

How do you think this helped Rome?How do you think this helped Rome?

How did Rome begin?How did Rome begin? There were two legends There were two legends

that describe how Rome that describe how Rome beganbegan

Romulus and Remus Romulus and Remus were twin brothers who were twin brothers who founded the city. founded the city.

They decided to build the They decided to build the city in 753 B.C.city in 753 B.C.

Romulus killed his Romulus killed his brother and became the brother and became the first king of Romefirst king of Rome

How did Rome begin?How did Rome begin? The The Aeneid ,Aeneid ,by by Virgil,Virgil,

is the story of the is the story of the Trojan hero, AeneasTrojan hero, Aeneas**

After warfare and After warfare and marriage to the king’s marriage to the king’s daughter, Aeneas daughter, Aeneas united the Trojans and united the Trojans and the Latins. the Latins.

““Father of the Father of the Romans”Romans”

How did Rome begin?How did Rome begin? Historians are not sure exactly how Rome began. Historians are not sure exactly how Rome began.

They think Latins lived in the area of Rome as They think Latins lived in the area of Rome as early as 1000 B.C. early as 1000 B.C.

They built huts, tended herds, and grew crops.They built huts, tended herds, and grew crops.

Sometime between 800 B.C. and 700 B.C., they Sometime between 800 B.C. and 700 B.C., they decided to band together for protection. decided to band together for protection.

This community became known as Rome. This community became known as Rome.

Early InfluencesEarly Influences GreeksGreeks Came to southern Italy 750 Came to southern Italy 750

B.C. -550 B.C.B.C. -550 B.C. Romans learned to grow Romans learned to grow

olives and grapes from olives and grapes from Greeks. Greeks.

Adopted Greek alphabet Adopted Greek alphabet and modeled architecture, and modeled architecture, sculpture, and literature sculpture, and literature after the Greeks.after the Greeks.

EtruscansEtruscans Lived north of Rome in Lived north of Rome in

Etruria, but moved south Etruria, but moved south after 650 B.C. and took after 650 B.C. and took control of Romecontrol of Rome

Skilled metalworkers* Skilled metalworkers* Murals **Murals ** Changed Rome from a Changed Rome from a

village of huts to a city of village of huts to a city of wood and brick buildingswood and brick buildings

Taught Romans a new Taught Romans a new style of dressstyle of dress

Army eventually served as Army eventually served as a model for the Roman a model for the Roman armyarmy

Birth of a RepublicBirth of a Republic

Romans became powerful under Etruscans; however the Romans became powerful under Etruscans; however the ruling ruling TarquinsTarquins family became more and more cruelfamily became more and more cruel

Romans rebelled and set up Romans rebelled and set up republic.republic.

Over the next 200 years, Romans fought lots of wars Over the next 200 years, Romans fought lots of wars with their neighbors, growing to be the masters of with their neighbors, growing to be the masters of almost all of Italyalmost all of Italy

Why was Rome so strong?Why was Rome so strong? Romans were Romans were

excellent soldiersexcellent soldiers

Discipline was harsh Discipline was harsh and deserters were and deserters were punished by death. punished by death.

Helped mold Roman Helped mold Roman soldiers into fighters soldiers into fighters who did not give up who did not give up easilyeasily

Why was Rome so strong? Why was Rome so strong?

Roman armies originally fought like the Greek Roman armies originally fought like the Greek armies -- row upon row of soldiers marched armies -- row upon row of soldiers marched shoulder to shoulder, keeping their spears shoulder to shoulder, keeping their spears together and holding long spearstogether and holding long spears

Soon realized this way of fighting was slow and Soon realized this way of fighting was slow and hard to managehard to manage

Reorganized into Reorganized into legionslegions, which consisted of , which consisted of about 6,000 men and divided into groups of 60-about 6,000 men and divided into groups of 60-120 soldiers*120 soldiers*

Why would this be more effective?Why would this be more effective?

Shrewd RulersShrewd Rulers

Romans were not only good warriors, but they were also smart Romans were not only good warriors, but they were also smart planners. planners.

As they expanded throughout Italy, they built permanent military As they expanded throughout Italy, they built permanent military settlements in the areas they conquered and roads between the settlements in the areas they conquered and roads between the townstowns

Roads allowed troops to travel swiftly to any place in their growing Roads allowed troops to travel swiftly to any place in their growing territory - “All Roads Lead to Rome”*territory - “All Roads Lead to Rome”*

Shrewd RulersShrewd Rulers Developed the Roman Developed the Roman

Confederation*Confederation*

Chapter 8, Sec. 1 Chapter 8, Sec. 1 ReviewReview

What mountain range separates Italy from What mountain range separates Italy from the rest of Europe?the rest of Europe?

What mountain range stretches from the What mountain range stretches from the north of the peninsula to the south?north of the peninsula to the south?

How did these mountain ranges located in How did these mountain ranges located in Italy differ from those in Greece? How did Italy differ from those in Greece? How did that affect the people of Italy? that affect the people of Italy?

Where was Rome located? Why was this Where was Rome located? Why was this area chosen? area chosen?

Section 1 Review Section 1 Review Cont…Cont…

What were the names of the twin brothers What were the names of the twin brothers who legend claims founded ROMe? who legend claims founded ROMe?

Who wrote the Who wrote the Aeneid? Aeneid? What is it about?What is it about? Do historians know how Rome was really Do historians know how Rome was really

started? What do they think?started? What do they think? What two groups of people influenced What two groups of people influenced

Romans? What were some of the Romans? What were some of the influences they had on Romans? influences they had on Romans?

Why did Romans rebel and set up a Why did Romans rebel and set up a republic? republic?

How long did the wars last? How long did the wars last?

Section 1 ReviewSection 1 Review

What made Roman soldiers so What made Roman soldiers so strong?strong?

How was the Roman army How was the Roman army organized? organized?

How was the Roman road system set How was the Roman road system set up? up?