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Page 1: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Greece

Page 2: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Geography

• Mountainous Peninsula

Page 3: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

The Sea

• Shaped Greek civilization

• Greeks became skilled sailors– Trade became

important• Greece lacked natural

resources

Page 4: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

The Land

• Mountainous– Difficult to unite– As a result…

• Independent city-states developed like– Athens and Sparta

Page 5: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

The Mycenaeans

• Ancestors of people from the Eurasian steppes– Settled in Greece

around 2000b.c.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sites_myc%C3%A9niens.png
Page 6: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Ruled by “warrior kings”

• Became wealthy by…– Controlling local

agricultural production– Controlling commercial

trade– Conquest and plunder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Return_Of_Agamemnon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_14994.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_Greece_hoplite_with_his_hoplon_and_dory.jpg
Page 7: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Invaded Crete

• From the Minoans (the people of Crete) the Mycenaeans…– Adapted the Minoan

writing system to the Greek language (Linear A/B)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NAMA_Linear_B_tablet_of_Pylos.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P46.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Knossos_bull.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_Minoan_Crete-en.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Faden._Composite_Mediterranean._1785.I.jpg
Page 8: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Homer

• Blind story-teller• Told the story of the

Illiad and the Odyssey– The Illiad was about

the Trojan War– The Odyssey was

about Odysseus’ adventures as he travelled home to Ithaca from the Trojan War.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Homer_British_Museum.jpg
Page 9: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Greek Mythology

• Used to understand…– The mysteries of

nature– The power of human

passions

• Gods and Goddesses had human attributes– Love, hate, jealousy

Apollo—the sun god Hades—

god of the underworld

Athena—goddess of wisdom

Poseidon—god of the sea

Zeus—king of the gods

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jupiter_Smyrna_Louvre_Ma13.jpg
Page 10: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Art, Architecture, Drama And Philosophy of Ancient

Greece

Page 11: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Greek Drama

• Tragedy- features a tragic hero with extraordinary abilities and a tragic flaw to be their downfall– Sophocles – Oedipus the King, Antigone

• Comedy- scenes filled with humor or satire about customs , politics, respected people or ideas

Page 12: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Greek ArchitectureInfluence on American architecture

Page 13: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Greek Philosophy

• Philosophers- means “lovers of wisdom”

• Sophists- word comes from sophos (wisdom). Travel around Greece teaching wisdom, rhetoric and the art of speaking.

• Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Page 14: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Forms of Government in Ancient Greece

• Monarchy (Mycenae)

• Oligarchy (Sparta)

• Direct democracy (Athens)

Page 15: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Greek Wars

Page 16: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Phalanx

Page 17: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Persian Wars

• Fought between Greece and Persian Empire

• Persians take over Ionian part of Greek territory, and Athens sends help

Page 18: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Persia

Page 19: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Empire

• Political unit in which a number of peoples or countries are controlled by a single ruler.

Page 20: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Persia-Location

• East of Mesopotamia

Page 21: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Persian Government—Cyrus

• Came to power in 550BC

Page 22: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Persian Government—Cyrus

• Treated conquered people fairly– Honored local

customs and religions– Allowed people to live

their lives as they had before

Page 23: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Tomb of Cyrus- died 529 BC

Page 24: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Persian Government—Darius

• Ruled much the same as Cyrus had

• Conquered areas of Afghanistan, India, and Egypt

• Divided Persia into 20 provinces– Called “satrapies”– Ruled by satraps

Page 25: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Persia-Technology

• Roads (Royal Road)• Postal system

Page 26: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Persian Religion

• Called Zoroastrianism• Good/bad spiritual armies fighting for your

soul• Gives monotheistic religions 2 major ideas:

– Final Judgment– Concept of paradise

• 2 gods:– Ahura Mazda (good)– Ahriman (bad)

Page 27: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Battle of Marathon

• Persians vow to destroy Athens

• Greeks use Phalanx to beat Persians

• Persians retreat• NIKE!!!

Page 28: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Battle of Thermopylae

• Xerxes tries to destroy Greece

• Come to narrow pass with 7,000 Greek soldiers and 300 Spartans

Page 29: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Battle of Thermopylae

• Fought for days, until traitor told Persians about secret path around cliffs

• Spartans held pass while other Greeks retreated

• Athens has been deserted and the Persians burn the city down

Page 30: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Persian Wars

• Persians were then defeated at sea

• Athens becomes the leader of the Delian League- a group of 140 city-states

• Sparta does NOT join

Page 31: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Peloponnesian War

• Athens vs. Sparta• Athens-greater sea

power• Sparta-greater army

Page 32: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Peloponnesian War

• Pericles- Athenian leader- wanted to avoid land battles with Sparta

Page 33: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Walls of Athens

Page 34: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Reasons for the Downfall of Greece

• Plague hits Athens during Peloponnesian War, Pericles dies

• Peloponnesian War weakens Greece

• Macedonia becomes threat to the north

Page 35: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Hellenistic Culture

Page 36: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Hellenistic

• Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures blended together

• Alexander the Great

• Alexandria, Egypt

Page 37: Greece. Geography Mountainous Peninsula The Sea Shaped Greek civilization Greeks became skilled sailors –Trade became important Greece lacked natural

Science and Technology

• Pythagoras– Created Pythagorean theorem (a2+b2=c2)

• Aristarchus– Proved planets revolved around the sun

• Eratosthenes– Calculated earth’s circumference to within 1%

• Euclid– Geometry, book Elements

• Archimedes– Calculated pi


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