CHAPTER 7

Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic

Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borders

Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire

Section 4: Roman Society and Culture

Section 5: The Rise of Christianity

Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire

The Roman World

SECTION 1

Question:What are some characteristics of Roman patricians and plebeians?

Founding the Roman Republic

SECTION 1

Founding the Roman Republic

controlled government

inherited power

landowners nobles

farmers / workers

barred from office

majority barred from office

Patricians Plebeians

SECTION 2

Question:What were the causes and outcomes of the Punic Wars?

Rome Expands Its Borders

SECTION 2

Rome Expands Its Borders

Punic Wars

First Punic War

Second Punic War

Carthage was afraid Rome would take Sicily; Rome was afraid Carthage would close the Adriatic Sea and the Strait of Messina.

Hannibal invaded Italy.

Third Punic War

Some Romans passionately hated Carthage; Rome declared war.

Causes Results

Carthage asked for peace; had to pay indemnity and give up control of Sicily.

Carthage asked for peace; paid an indemnity and lost the Spanish colonies.

Carthage was destroyed.

Israel and the Occupied Territories

SECTION 3

Question:How did political events weaken the Roman Empire?

The Birth of the Roman Empire

SECTION 3

The Birth of the Roman Empire

Gracchus brothers introduce reforms

angry senators kill both Gracchus brothers

violence = primary tool of Roman politics

leaders recruit personal armies

Sulla marches on Rome; civil war

Sulla establishes dictatorship

SECTION 4

Roman Society and Culture

Question:What are some reasons why the Romans had a strong empire?

SECTION 4

Roman Society and Culture

Roman Army

Government and Law

Trade and Transportation

Strong Empire

stationed along frontiers

soldiers made citizenskept peace

encouraged widespread trade

farm goods and luxury goods

roads and bridges

revised Twelve Tables

provincial official

strong emperor

enforced law

kept order

SECTION 5

The Rise of Christianity

Question:What are the major events in the development of Christianity?

SECTION 5

The Rise of Christianity

Jesus

personally taught in Judaeagained followerscrucifiedbelieved risen from dead

Spread of Christianity

disciples deliver messagespreads slowly through empireoutlawed by RomansChristians persecuted

Acceptance and

Organization

accepted by Romans, Constantinemade official religionpriests, bishops, patriarchs, popechurch councils set down beliefs

SECTION 6

Question:What were the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire in the West?

The Fall of the Western Empire

SECTION 6

The Fall of the Western Empire

• too many poor

• loss of patriotism, interest in government, and political honesty

Decline of the Roman Empire

• inadequate government for size of empire

• competition for power

• army interference made government unstable

• expense of defending and maintaining empire

• heavy taxes

• loss of income

Political/Military Economic Social

• dependence on German troops

• decline of manufacturing and agriculture

Chapter Wrap-Up

1. What two major factors helped Rome unify its empire and maintain peace?

2. What ideas and inventions did the Romans borrow and adapt from the Greeks?

3. How did Rome’s relationship with the people it conquered change over time?

1. What two major factors helped Rome unify its empire and maintain peace?

2. What ideas and inventions did the Romans borrow and adapt from the Greeks?

3. How did Rome’s relationship with the people it conquered change over time?

CHAPTER 7