Section III: The War ExpandsSection III: The War ExpandsPages 672-676Pages 672-676

Section III: The War ExpandsSection III: The War ExpandsPages 672-676Pages 672-676

This section is about:This section is about: HitlerHitler’’s campaigns in s campaigns in

the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union and in North Africa.in North Africa.

How the United States How the United States entered the war in entered the war in Asia and how it began Asia and how it began to experience success to experience success on the Pacific front.on the Pacific front.

There are two maps in There are two maps in this section – on pages this section – on pages 673 and 674.673 and 674.

What do these maps What do these maps show about WWII?show about WWII?

Look at Look at ““Then and Then and NowNow”” on the left of on the left of page 674.page 674.

And, the main ideas And, the main ideas on page 672: letter on page 672: letter ““BB ””

Hitler Moves EastHitler Moves EastHitler Invades the Soviet UnionHitler Invades the Soviet Union

Hitler had that agreement Hitler had that agreement with Stalin (not to invade with Stalin (not to invade each other).each other).

But Hitler hated But Hitler hated communism – and had communism – and had always planned to go after always planned to go after Stalin.Stalin.

In June, 1941, German In June, 1941, German soldiers moved toward the soldiers moved toward the Ukraine (good farmland) Ukraine (good farmland) and Leningrad and Moscow and Leningrad and Moscow (industrial centers).(industrial centers).

Hitler thought he could Hitler thought he could force a Soviet surrender by force a Soviet surrender by the fall.the fall.

As the Russians retreated, As the Russians retreated, the did something odd: the did something odd: they burned/destroyed they burned/destroyed everything that was in the everything that was in the path of the Germans (a path of the Germans (a ““scorched-earthscorched-earth”” policy policy).).

That way, the Germans had That way, the Germans had to rely on their own food, to rely on their own food, clothing, and weapons – clothing, and weapons – and the further they and the further they advanced, the farther they advanced, the farther they were from their supplies.were from their supplies.

The campaign took longer The campaign took longer than the Germans planned than the Germans planned – and winter was coming.– and winter was coming.

The Germans didnThe Germans didn’’t have t have proper clothing or shelter proper clothing or shelter from the Russian winter.from the Russian winter.

In 1941, more than 500,000 In 1941, more than 500,000 Germans died or were Germans died or were captured.captured.

The Siege The Siege of Leningradof Leningrad

(the 900 day siege)(the 900 day siege)

In 1941, German troops In 1941, German troops also began an attack on also began an attack on Leningrad.Leningrad.

They surrounded the They surrounded the city and for months kept city and for months kept supplies from reaching supplies from reaching the people (food and the people (food and military equipment).military equipment).

The people barely The people barely stayed alive – until 1944 stayed alive – until 1944 when more troops when more troops showed up from the showed up from the west.west.

The War in AfricaThe War in Africa

Another place the war hit: Another place the war hit: Africa.Africa.

In 1940, Mussolini sent his In 1940, Mussolini sent his troops into Egypt troops into Egypt (unsuccessfully), and Hitler (unsuccessfully), and Hitler had to send him help.had to send him help.

By 1942, General Rommel, By 1942, General Rommel, Hitler, and Mussolini had Hitler, and Mussolini had the British cornered.the British cornered.

In 1943, the British (and In 1943, the British (and U.S. by that time) sent in U.S. by that time) sent in more Allied troops and more Allied troops and helped gain control of helped gain control of northern Africa.northern Africa.

The War in AsiaThe War in Asia Remember: the Japanese Remember: the Japanese

had invaded China had invaded China (Manchuria).(Manchuria).

The United States was The United States was working with Japan to find a working with Japan to find a peaceful solution in Asia.peaceful solution in Asia.

But Japan wanted resources – But Japan wanted resources – and also invaded Vietnam, and also invaded Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (French Cambodia, and Laos (French territories). territories).

So the U.S. and Britain So the U.S. and Britain stopped trading with Japan – stopped trading with Japan – cutting off goods such as oil, cutting off goods such as oil, iron, and steel.iron, and steel.

Japan realized if they wanted Japan realized if they wanted to keep expanding in the to keep expanding in the Pacific, theyPacific, they’’d have to deal d have to deal with the United States.with the United States.

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor On December 7On December 7thth, 1941, the , 1941, the

Japanese began to come after Japanese began to come after the United States (even the United States (even though peace talks were though peace talks were going on).going on).

They launched a surprise They launched a surprise attack on attack on Pearl HarborPearl Harbor, , Hawaii.Hawaii.

More than 3000 soldiers were More than 3000 soldiers were killed and many ships were killed and many ships were destroyed.destroyed.

The next day, FDR asked for a The next day, FDR asked for a declaration of war. Congress declaration of war. Congress took 40 minutes to say yes.took 40 minutes to say yes.

Three days later, JapanThree days later, Japan’’s allies s allies (Italy and Germany(Italy and Germany’’s ally) s ally) declared war on the United declared war on the United States.States.

Relocation of Relocation of Japanese Japanese

AmericansAmericans A lot of Americans were A lot of Americans were

furious with the Japanese. furious with the Japanese. Many were afraid the Japanese Many were afraid the Japanese

just couldnjust couldn’’t be trusted – even t be trusted – even those who were born in the those who were born in the U.S. to Japanese parents.U.S. to Japanese parents.

The U.S. Government The U.S. Government relocated Japanese Americans relocated Japanese Americans living on the west coast toliving on the west coast to internmentinternment campscamps, with , with temporary housing, little temporary housing, little privacy, and no permission to privacy, and no permission to leave.leave.

Many who didnMany who didn’’t get put in a t get put in a camp volunteered to serve in camp volunteered to serve in the U.S. military. the U.S. military.

Some were among the most Some were among the most decorated of all American decorated of all American soldiers in WWII.soldiers in WWII.

Early Struggles in the PacificEarly Struggles in the Pacific

It takes a while to get It takes a while to get completely ready to get completely ready to get involved in a war.involved in a war.

The Japanese won many of the The Japanese won many of the early battles in the Pacific early battles in the Pacific (often over key islands).(often over key islands).

One Japanese victory was in One Japanese victory was in the Philippines.the Philippines.

75,000 Americans and 75,000 Americans and Filipinos were forced to Filipinos were forced to surrender, were taken captive surrender, were taken captive and forced to march to Manila and forced to march to Manila (68 miles away).(68 miles away).

More than 11,000 died during More than 11,000 died during this this ““Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March”” through the Philippine jungles.through the Philippine jungles.

By 1942, Japan controlled By 1942, Japan controlled much of the Pacific.much of the Pacific.

American Successes in the American Successes in the PacificPacific

Eventually, Americans began Eventually, Americans began bombing Tokyo.bombing Tokyo.

The Japanese were shocked – The Japanese were shocked – they didnthey didn’’t think an enemy t think an enemy would be able to invade their would be able to invade their country.country.

In 1942, Americans learned of In 1942, Americans learned of a Japanese attack on Midway a Japanese attack on Midway and were ready for it.and were ready for it.

Four Japanese aircraft carriers Four Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk, with hundreds of were sunk, with hundreds of planes on board.planes on board.

This was a turning point for This was a turning point for the Americans in the war in the Americans in the war in the Pacific.the Pacific.

The United States started The United States started taking some of the islands in taking some of the islands in the Pacific and began a bigger the Pacific and began a bigger attack on Japan.attack on Japan.