Chapter 5.1 Notes

Daily Focus:

1. What are the (3) reasons for the founding of the colonies?

2. Which colonial region did not have cities and why not?

Chapter 5.1 NotesEarly American Culture

In the colonies land helped determine social status. Most people were small farmers who owned a bit of land.

Land Ownership and Social Status

Women were mostly farm wives that cooked, hand made goods, wove cloth, cleaned, among many other chores. Women tended a garden, looked after farm animals and worked in the fields during harvest time.

Women in Colonial Times

Children began farm work as early as three or four. Boys began working all day with their fathers at 6 years old and at 11 years old could possibly be sent away as an apprentice to learn a craft. Girls typically stayed at home and learned household skills.

Colonial Children

Education was valued in the colonies, especially in New England where schools could be free. To go past basic writing and arithmetic skills, children would have to come from a wealthy family to hire a tutor. Most curriculum was bible based. Literacy was significantly higher in New England compared to across the Atlantic in England.

Colonial Education

Even though literacy was high in the colonies it was difficult to get books from England. Colonists began to publish newspapers that drew the colonies together.

Colonial Newspapers and Books

In the 1730s and the 1740s a religious movement called the Great Awakening affected colonial culture and thought.

Great Awakening

Traveling ministers would preach to church congregations speaking of religious emotions and relationship with God rather than just outward religious acts. Many churches gained members and trained ministers by establishing colleges like Princeton and Brown.

Great Awakening

The controversial preaching sparked many churches to split and question why or how religion should be practiced. This contributed to the colonial belief in challenging authority and accepting of many different peoples.

Great Awakening

Opposite to the religious and emotional movement of the Great Awakening, was an intellectual movement named the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment stressed using reason and science to gain knowledge.

Enlightenment

The most famous American Enlightenment thinker was Benjamin Franklin. His contributions to society were based on intellect and common sense ideas. He invented the lightning rod, bifocal glasses, the Franklin stove, and daylight savings time. Ben Franklin also organized a fire department, library and the first post office.

Enlightenment

Another Enlightenment figure was a philosopher named John Locke. He wrote that people have natural rights and the government should protect these rights. He also challenged the King’s right to rule.

Enlightenment

Chapter 5.2 NotesRoots of Representative Government

Daily Focus:1. What religious movement went through the

colonies in the 1730s and 1740s?2. What movement emphasized reason and

science?

Chapter 6 Roots of Rebellion

Vocabulary

• Monarch – a ruler

• Parliament – British law making branch of government

• Assembly - an elected group that makes laws

Main Ideas

• Through Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights, English citizens gained more power to govern themselves

• All colonial governments had a governor, council and assembly

• Colonists had many rights and freedoms but some of them were limited

English colonists expected to have certain rights guaranteed to all English citizens. English rights primarily came from two documents. The Magna Carta gave citizens the right to a jury trial. The English Bill of Rights limited the power of the king and gave power to the Parliament (English Legislature) to make laws and impose taxes. Parliament represented the people of England.

CHAPTER 6 -English Citizen Rights

limited the power of English monarchs

• One of the most important English rights was to elect representatives to Parliament

• Parliament was England’s lawmakers

Parliament and Colonial Government

Conflict Resolution – 5 mins

• The leader of a club you are in is becoming too bossy and will not let others participate as much as they should.

• How can the club members convince the leader to share responsibilities?

• Can this situation be handled with discussion, or do new rules need to be passed?

The Glorious Revolution• Struggle between

Parliament (Protestants) and Monarch (Catholic)

• King James II wanted to create an all-Catholic govt.

• Parliament plotted to overthrow King, King fled to France and his daughter Mary (a Protestant) and her husband William of Orange come to power.

• They agree to Parliament having more power to tax citizens, pass laws and approve the existence of a permanent army.

Rights of English Citizens

• Bill of Rights gave more power to Parliament.

• John Locke “Men being…by nature all free, equal, and independent, no one can…be subjected (be put under) to the political power of another, without his own consent.”

• According to Locke, what is needed before a person is given political power over others?

• He believed that the ruler must act in the interests of the people. If the ruler did not do that then people had the right to withdraw their support and replace the ruler.

• Since Parliament was so far away, many colonies elected assemblies

• These assemblies imposed taxes and managed the colonies

Parliament and Colonial Government

• Some colonies had royal governors to rule them

• No colonies had representatives in Parliament but Parliament passed laws that affected them

• The royal governors were the ones that enforced these laws

Parliament and Colonial Government

Colonial Freedom and its Limits• Colonists governed themselves even before first

assemblies – made decisions about road repair to school master appointments.

• Right to Vote – was limited by religion (Massachusetts – only Puritans could vote – later disappeared)

• Most common limits were based on race, gender and property. (African Americans, Native Americans and women – not allowed to vote.)

• Only white males who owned property could vote or hold public office.

Habit of Self

Government

• Colonial assemblies gained more power – deciding how much money to raise for taxes and how to spend it.

“Power of the purse”- how to spend money for taxes or pay for government operations.

Power shifted from governors to colonial assemblies. England busy with wars in Europe and relied on American colonists help, hence did not interfere.

Self government or being able to make their own laws became a right colonists took for granted.

Regulating Trade

• Parliament passed another Navigation Act.

• Customs officials – could now search ships without notice if they thought they were smuggling goods.

• If broke rules tired in naval courts not by juries.

• Many ignored laws, some complained

• England worried about France’s growing presence in North America.

• During 1700-1750 governors rarely interfered with colonial assemblies

• Parliament’s laws were often not enforced which was called salutary neglect

Parliament and Colonial Government

Chapter 6.2 NotesThe French and Indian War

Daily Focus:1. What 2 English documents gave English citizens

rights?2. What was England’s lawmaking body?3. Not enforcing the Navigation Acts would be a

form of what?

Native American alliances, competition in the fur trade, and a desire to control more land in North America led to a war between France and England. This conflict between the years 1754 – 1763 was the French and Indian War.

The French and Indian War

Much of the war was fought in the backcountry up near the Great Lakes (Ohio River Valley.)

The French and Indian War

A little known major in the British army failed to fight well and was forced to surrender his soldiers to the French. Even though he failed, George Washington gained vital military experience that would serve him later on.

The French and Indian War

During the French and Indian War, Benjamin Franklin proposed that the colonies work together and unite in order to better fight against the French. His proposal to unite was the Albany Plan of Union. It failed to pass approval from the colonial legislatures.

The French and Indian War

Britain and France fought each other all over the world during this time. Britain proved itself superior militarily and won the war in 1763. The Treaty of Paris (1763) officially ended the French and Indian War.

As a result, France gave up all of its land in North America. England took over the land east of the Mississippi.

The French and Indian War

Another result of the war was the British mistreatment of the Native Americans. They were attacked and pushed out of their homelands in the Northwest.

Results of The French and Indian War

The colonists fought back with smallpox infected blankets and started a deadly outbreak. The Native Americans retreated.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

In order to avoid conflict and save military costs, the British government issued the Proclamation of 1763.

Proclamation of 1763

This forbade colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. This upset the colonists who thought they had earned the right to settle in the West.

Proclamation of 1763

MercantilismAn economic system that

stresses increasing national wealth by selling more than buying in foreign trade.

In other words…

The “Mother Country” sets up a colony (to represent its country, or empire) in another part of the world in order to benefit from the natural resources there.

Who benefited from this system?Britain because the colonies sent the raw materials like iron,

lumber and cotton to Britain. The raw materials were made into finished goods like furniture, clothes and tools and shipped back

to the colonies and other parts of the world.

Colonists were expected to buy finished products from England rather than produce their own.