Chapter 1: Colonizing America

Section 3: Founding the Thirteen Colonies

Summary

England was late to establish colonies in the Americas. Joint-stock companies established the first English colonies with the intention of making profits. Many settlers, however, went to the Americas to escape religious persecution.

Key Questions

1. How did religious and economic factors influence English migration?

2. What defining characteristics describe the Chesapeake region?

Social and Economic

England

What were some of these changes?

Huge catastrophesGreat FamineBlack DeathHundred Years War

What would the effects of this be?

Stability Eventually Returns

Populations roseCities grewTrade increasedGovernments grew and took more control

(collected more taxes)

Renaissance and Reformation

RenaissanceReformationPeople began to question the role of the

Church in societyWhy?

It was corrupt!What happened?

The church divided into the Catholics and Protestants

English people rebelled against the Catholic Church

Religious Persecution

Protestant Reformation-in several countries in Europe, people begin to leave the Catholic church and faith and form a new branch of the Christian religion called the Protestant religion.

In England, the new Protestant church was established by King Henry VIII. This church was called the Anglican church.

Many people felt the Anglican church wasn’t “pure” enough. These Puritans were persecuted and fled England for America.

Martin Luther

Henry VIII Puritans

Economic Changes

English nobles rented land to farmers

Realized they could make more money from raising sheep

Result??

At the same time the population was rising

Also, wool merchants form joint-stock companies and these companies fund the new colonies.

Remember…

Protestant Catholic

THE FIRST ENGLISH COLONIES

English government wanted in on Spain’s wealth

Few job opportunities at homeUnaware of dangers in AmericaSir Walter Raleigh was given permission

by Queen Elizabeth I to sponsor the first colony

1585 on Roanoke Island- named Virginia

ROANOKE

Troubles with local tribes and lack of food forced colonists to return to England

Tried again in 1587No one knows what happened…

Some believe they were killed. Others believe they joined a local tribe of

Native Americans

JAMESTOWNNamed in honor of King James IFirst permanent English settlement in North America1607- 100 colonistsTroubled first years

Became ill from diseases Promise of gold- settlers searched for treasure instead

of working Climate

By January 1608, only 38 colonists remained alive

JOHN SMITH

“He that will not work shall not eat.”

JAMESTOWN

John Smith took control of JamestownMore focus on farmingRelations with Native Americans were

tense

JAMESTOWN AND TOBACCO

No gold, so… looked to tobacco to bring wealth

Settlers began to own land and work hard to be successful

Virginia Company wanted to attract more settlers Offered Headright and Indentured Servitude

Africans arrived in 1619

3 Causes of English Settlement

Religious Persecution

Economic Changes Rivalry with Spain

LORD BALTIMORE FOUNDS MARYLAND

1634- Chesapeake Bay2nd Chesapeake colonyFree from religious

conflictsEconomy focused on

Tobacco Indentured Servants and

Slaves

THE ACT OF TOLERATION

1649Forbade

religious persecution

RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN MARYLAND

Protestants outnumbered Catholics1645 Puritans tried to take over1654 Puritans got rid of the governor and

the Act of TolerationEventually it was restored, but there was

much conflict

Key Questions

1. What defining characteristics describe the New England region?

2. Why is Massachusetts called a “seed colony”?

THE VOYAGE OF THE MAYFLOWER

England broke away from Catholic Church Formed Church of England Many disagreed: called Dissenters

One group called the SeparatistsWhat word do you see here?

What does the ending “ist” tell us?

So what is a Separatist?King James persecuted themSeparatists had to flee the country

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE SEPARATISTS?

Approached Virginia Company to settle in America

Why? Wanted to gain

religious freedom Became known as the

Pilgrims

THE PILGRIMS FOUND PLYMOUTH

November 1620 Mayflower Arrive off of Cape Cod,

Massachusetts Was blown off course Called it Plymouth Had to create their own laws Created own agreement

MAYFLOWER COMPACT

Established self-government and majority rule

Half the group died in the first winter Starvation time like the other

colonies

Saved by Native Americans who learned English

Squanto taught Pilgrims to plant native crops

THE FIRST THANKSGIVINGWhat do you see in this picture?

THE FIRST THANKSGIVING

Fall of 16213 day FeastRepresented the peace that existed

between Native Americans and Pilgrims at that time

THE PURITANS COME TO MASSACHUSETTS BAY Late 1620s- England was troubled by

religious and political conflict Many dissenters were speaking against

Church and the kingThe Puritans

Did not want to break away like Separatists, wanted to reform or “purify”

Faced much persecution so decided to set up a Puritan society in America

THE GREAT MIGRATION

1630- Massachusetts Bay CompanyColony could govern itself11 ships- 1,000 passengersFounded Boston- most important town in

New EnglandBetween 1630 and 1640 about 20,000

more came

THE NEW ENGLAND WAY

Small communities governed by congregations

Each congregation chose its minister and set up the town

Values helped to organize societyHard workEducationRepresentative Government

MASSACHUSETTS BAY “SEEDS” NEW ENGLAND

Dissenters challenged Puritan leadersDisagreements caused many to leave the

colony and found other coloniesMassachusetts became a “seed colony”

out of which other colonies grew

RHODE ISLAND WELCOMES DISSENTERS

Salem, Massachusetts Roger Williams insisted that

Colonists had no rights to Native American lands No one should be forced to attend church Puritans should not force their religion on others Church and state should be kept separate

For these beliefs, Williams was banished1636 he founded Rhode Island

Guaranteed religious tolerance and separation of church and state

Established the first Baptist Church in America

RHODE ISLAND WELCOMES DISSENTERS

Anne Hutchinson- another dissenterDisagreed with many clergyChallenged church authorityBanished from Massachusetts1638 fled to Rhode Island

THE FIGHT FOR TOLERANCE

The Puritans came to America for religious freedom but… Would not offer it to others Especially to the Quakers

Beliefs and practices of the Quakers threatened the New England Way Women’s equality with men Sermons and ministers

CREATING A NEW ENGLAND

Lived in townsMost were dissenters in EnglandMiddle ClassHighly skilled and educatedCame to the Americas as families, friends,

and neighbors

SETTLING THE MIDDLE COLONIES

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware Hudson and Delaware

riversEncouraged shipping and

commerce Rich soil and mild winters

Good for farming Diverse population

NEW NETHERLANDBuilt by DutchAlong Hudson River in New

YorkGovernor: Peter StuyvesantHad slaves

Had harsh lives but… Enjoyed some rights of

movement and property ownership

A TOLERANT SOCIETY

Welcomed dissenters from Puritan New England

Quakers, German Lutherans, French Protestants, and Jewish all settled there

THE ENGLISH TAKE CONTROL

English thought Dutch were a threatKing Charles sent his brother, the Duke of

York, to drive the Dutch outDutch surrendered and colony renamed

New York

NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA, AND DELAWARE

Duke of York gave land (New Jersey) to friends, Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley

Promised land grants, freedom of religion, and a representative assembly to attract settlers

William Penn was given land by King Charles Pennsylvania means “Penn’s Woods” Penn granted lower counties their own

assembly (Delaware) Penn was a Quaker and provided a place to

practice beliefs free of persecution

PENNSYLVANIA AND THE QUAKERS

Quakers welcomed different religions and ethnic groups

“[All persons] shall, in no ways, be molested or prejudiced for their religious persuasion, or practice, in matters of faith and worship, nor shall they be compelled at any time, to frequent or maintain any religious worship.”- from the Frames of Government of Pennsylvania 1682

PENNSYLVANIAReligious freedom and equality for allMany settlers from many European countries

came seeking religious freedom and a better lifePhiladelphia- capital meaning “city of brotherly

love”Quakers valued hard work and thriftHelped poor immigrants become richPennsylvania became one of the wealthiest

American colonies

THE CAROLINAS

Offered religious toleration, large land grants, and political representation

Charles TownRefuge for

Huguenots

TRIPLE THREATReligious Freedom

Representative Government

Land Grants

RICE AND SLAVERY

1690s- colonists began exporting riceNeeded a large labor forceSo… Imported many enslaved Africans“Our Staple Commodity for some years has been

Rice, and Tilling, planting, Hoeing, Reaping, Threshing, Pounding have all been done merely by poor slaves here” Letter from a South Carolina doctor

GEORGIA1732- James OglethorpeMeant for debtors and poor to make a fresh startWould protect colonies against Spanish Florida

and French LouisianaVery diverse population

English German Swiss Scottish But Catholics were banned

OGLETHORPE’S POLICIESStrict rulesOpposed large plantations

and slaveryWas fearful against slave

revoltsColonists were unhappyWanted riches and slave

laborLegalized slavery similar to

South Carolina

THE REGION OF THE SOUTHClimate and cultureSoil and climate was good for tobacco,

rice, and indigoRequired large labor forceGreatest population of enslaved Africans

and Native AmericansGreat religious diversityEvery Southern Colony was allowed an

elected representative assembly