Chapter 5-4Chapter 5-4The Structure of MatterThe Structure of Matter

Organic and Biochemical Organic and Biochemical CompoundsCompounds

What does Organic Mean?What does Organic Mean?

Organic – associated Organic – associated with living thingswith living things

Organic Food – grown Organic Food – grown using fertilizers that using fertilizers that come from plants or come from plants or animalsanimals

In chemistry it In chemistry it describes certain describes certain compoundscompounds

Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

Organic Organic Compounds – Compounds – covalently bonded covalently bonded compound that compound that contains carbon, contains carbon, excluding excluding carbonates and carbonates and oxidesoxides

Ingredients in:Ingredients in: AspirinAspirin Sugarless gumsSugarless gums Sweeteners Sweeteners

Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

Hydrocarbon – Hydrocarbon – molecule made of molecule made of hydrogen and hydrogen and carbon onlycarbon only

Methane – simplest Methane – simplest hydrocarbonhydrocarbon CH4CH4

PolymersPolymers

Polymers – large Polymers – large molecule that is molecule that is formed by more formed by more than five than five monomersmonomers Monomer – small Monomer – small

unit or simple unit or simple moleculemolecule

DNA, body cells, DNA, body cells, rubber, and woodrubber, and wood

Repeating SubunitsRepeating Subunits

Polymers - Polymers - Organic Organic molecules that molecules that bond to form bond to form long chainslong chains Plastic jugsPlastic jugs

““poly” – means poly” – means manymany

Man-made vs NaturalMan-made vs Natural

Natural:Natural: Wood, rubber, Wood, rubber,

cotton, protien, DNAcotton, protien, DNA Man-made:Man-made:

Plastic containers, Plastic containers, car parts, carpet, car parts, carpet, roperope

Most are plastics or Most are plastics or fibersfibers

Elasticity Determines Elasticity Determines StructureStructure

Polymer molecules Polymer molecules are like spaghettiare like spaghetti

Can crush or dent Can crush or dent materials because materials because it is flexibleit is flexible

Some are elastic, Some are elastic, or stretchy, and or stretchy, and some aren’tsome aren’t

Biochemical PolymersBiochemical Polymers

Important to living Important to living thingthing Carbohydrates – Carbohydrates –

energyenergy Proteins – muscles, Proteins – muscles,

tendons, hairtendons, hair DNA – provides DNA – provides

information to cellsinformation to cells

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Carbohydrate – Carbohydrate – organic compound organic compound that is made of that is made of carbon, hydrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenand oxygen

Provides nutrients Provides nutrients to cells of living to cells of living thingsthings

ProteinsProteins

Proteins – organic Proteins – organic compound that is compound that is made of 1 or more made of 1 or more chains of amino chains of amino acidsacids

Principal Principal components of all components of all cellscells

Amino AcidsAmino Acids

Amino Acids – 20 Amino Acids – 20 different organic different organic molecules that molecules that form proteinsform proteins

DNADNA

DNA – a polymer DNA – a polymer with a complex with a complex structurestructure Determines genetic Determines genetic

makeupmakeup Carbon, hydrogen, Carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen, nitrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorusand phosphorus

Double helix – Double helix – double chains; like double chains; like a twister laddera twister ladder