Chapter 4: States Chapter 4: States of Matterof Matter

Heat and the 3 common Heat and the 3 common states of Matterstates of Matter

What is matter?What is matter?

Anything that takes up space Anything that takes up space (VOLUME) (VOLUME) and hasand has MASS MASS

EX: water, ice, desk, clothes, skin, EX: water, ice, desk, clothes, skin, flower…and even AIR!flower…and even AIR!

*All things are made up of matter!*All things are made up of matter!

What is matter made up of?What is matter made up of?

All matter is made up of tiny particles All matter is made up of tiny particles called called ATOMSATOMS– An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical

elementelement Atoms are so small that in just one drop of Atoms are so small that in just one drop of

water, there are about 6 sextillion atoms! water, there are about 6 sextillion atoms! (6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) (6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

What does it look like? What is inside of an What does it look like? What is inside of an atom?atom?

What are atoms made up What are atoms made up of?of?

PROTONS (positive charges) PROTONS (positive charges) – found in nucleusfound in nucleus

NEUTRONS (neutral charges)NEUTRONS (neutral charges)– found in nucleusfound in nucleus

ELECTRONS (negative charges)ELECTRONS (negative charges)– Found in outer shell of nucleus, orbits Found in outer shell of nucleus, orbits

around the nucluesaround the nuclues

The ATOMThe ATOM

Other facts about AtomsOther facts about Atoms Protons + Neutrons = ATOMIC MASSProtons + Neutrons = ATOMIC MASS

There are over 100 different types of There are over 100 different types of atomsatoms

--Some examples: Some examples:

- - hydrogen atomhydrogen atom - Carbon atom- Carbon atom- Oxygen atomOxygen atom - Aluminum atom- Aluminum atom- Nitrogen atomNitrogen atom etc….etc….

*these different atoms have different unique *these different atoms have different unique propertiesproperties

Matter is made of…Matter is made of…

Atoms Atoms MOLECULESMOLECULES

– 2 or more atoms combined (by chemical 2 or more atoms combined (by chemical bonds)bonds)

– Ex: Ex: HH22O (water), O (water),

COCO2 2 (carbon dioxide), (carbon dioxide),

OO2 2 (oxygen we breathe)(oxygen we breathe)

What are the 3 TYPES of What are the 3 TYPES of matter?matter?

ELEMENTSELEMENTS

COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

MIXTURESMIXTURES

What are ELEMENTS?What are ELEMENTS?

Pure substances that contain only Pure substances that contain only ONE type of atomONE type of atom– Made up of the same type of atomMade up of the same type of atom

Cannot be separated into other Cannot be separated into other substancessubstances

Each element has a different number Each element has a different number of protons and electronsof protons and electrons

EX: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Silver, EX: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Silver, Helium, Aluminum…Helium, Aluminum…

Periodic Table of ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements

Table to organize the many elements Table to organize the many elements on Earthon Earth

Elements are placed in specific Elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look places because of the way they look and actand act

PERIODIC TABLEPERIODIC TABLE

Parts of the Periodic TableParts of the Periodic Table

Each box tells you Each box tells you – Atomic NumberAtomic Number { {TOP #}TOP #}

(#Protons=#Electrons)(#Protons=#Electrons)

– SymbolSymbol– Element NameElement Name– Atomic MassAtomic Mass { {BOTTOM #}BOTTOM #}

(#Protons + #Neutrons(#Protons + #Neutrons))

Parts of the Periodic TableParts of the Periodic Table Period: (rows Period: (rows

across)across)= = #electron orbitals #electron orbitals (electron shells)(electron shells)

Groups Groups (columns)(columns) = = #electrons in #electrons in outer shellouter shell

Website Website

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertable.html.

Glossary WordsGlossary Words MatterMatter AtomAtom

ProtonProton NeutronNeutron ElectronElectron MoleculeMolecule ElementElement

Periodic Table of ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements

For the elements…For the elements… A) HydrogenA) Hydrogen

B) HeliumB) Helium C) Rubidium C) Rubidium

IDENTIFYIDENTIFY ProtonsProtons Atomic numberAtomic number ElectronsElectrons Atomic massAtomic mass NeutronsNeutrons Group numberGroup number electron orbitalselectron orbitals Period numberPeriod number electrons in its outer shellelectrons in its outer shell

What element is this?What element is this?

Fluorine

A)

B)

C)

1)Group number2)Period number3)Atomic number4)Element

symbol and name

What are the properties of What are the properties of this element?this element?

FindFind Atomic numberAtomic number ProtonsProtons ElectronsElectrons Element name and symbolElement name and symbol Atomic massAtomic mass NeutronsNeutrons GroupGroup PeriodPeriod Number of electron orbitalsNumber of electron orbitals Number of electrons in outer Number of electrons in outer

shellshell

Atomic numberAtomic number ProtonsProtons ElectronsElectrons Element name and symbolElement name and symbol Atomic massAtomic mass NeutronsNeutrons GroupGroup PeriodPeriod Number of electron Number of electron

orbitalsorbitals Number of electrons in Number of electrons in

outer shellouter shell