chapter 37 sex hormones. copyright 2007 thomson delmar learning, a division of thomson learning inc....
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 37
Sex Hormones
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
37 - 2
Sex Hormones
Endocrine glands: control development and function of the human reproductive system
Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina
Male: testes, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
37 - 3
Female
Ovaries Stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) and luteinizing hormone Synthesize and secrete estrogen and
progesterone
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Estrogen and Progesterone
Regulate the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system
Secondary sex characteristics Cycling of FSH and estrogen influences
the female menstrual cycle
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Adverse Effects of Estrogen
Nausea Vomiting Breast swelling Fluid retention Weight gain Thromboembolic
disease
High blood pressure
Breast cancer Uterine cancer Cervical cancer
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37 - 6
Progesterone
Secreted last 2 weeks of the menstrual cycle
Uterine lining begins secretory phase Essential for maintenance and integrity of
the placenta and the embryo Adverse effects
Nausea, fever, weight gain, headache, dizziness, and diminished sex drive
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Oral Contraceptives
Females—prevent conception Combination of estrogens and
progestins (progesterone)
(continues)
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Oral Contraceptives
Adverse effects Nausea Acne Edema Headache Breast swelling Weight gain Fatigue Depression
(continued)
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Alendronate Sodium (Fosamax)
Postmenopause Classified as a bone reabsorption
inhibitor Increased calcium deposit in the bone Several new products similar to
Fosamax
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37 - 10
Male Androgens
Synthesized and secreted by the interstitial cells of the testes
Controlled by FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and ICSH (Interstitial Cells Stimulating Hormone)
Testosterone Development of secondary sex
characteristics, penis, prostate, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens
Initiates spermatogenesis
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Testosterone
Adverse effects In young boys
Premature epiphyseal closure Impaired bone growth
Estrogen and androgen combinations Used to treat
• Postpartum breast engorgement• Menopause vasomotor symptoms
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Male Impotence
Erectile dysfunction Sildenafil citrate (Viagra)
Enhances the effect of nitric oxide, a chemical that causes smooth muscle relaxation in the penis
Requires sexual stimulation Take 1-2 hours before sexual activity Adverse effects
Chest pain, sudden cardiac death, asthma, and sloughing of the skin
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Anabolic Agents
Androgenic steroid hormones Synthetic testosterone Promotes muscle growth Misuse by athletes Serious adverse effects
Liver toxicity, testicular hypofunction, elevated cholesterol, hepatic cancer, erectile dysfunction, and myocardial infarction
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
37 - 14
Finasteride (Proscar)
Androgen hormone inhibitor Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH)
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Reproductive Cancers
Males treated with estrogen Females treated with testosterone