chapter 22 reteaching activity the enlightenment in...

Enlightenment and Revolution 45

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RETEACHING ACTIVITY The Enlightenment in EuropeCHAPTER

22Section 2

Multiple Choice Choose the best answer for each item. Write the letter of your answer in the blank.

____ 1. The new intellectual movement thatstressed reason and thought and thepower of the individual to solve problemswas thea. Scientific Revolution.b. Enlightenment.c. Great Awakening.d. geocentric theory.

____ 2. The willingness of people to hand overtheir rights to a ruler in exchange for lawand order in society was called the a. scientific method.b. Magna Carta.c. Enlightenment.d. social contract.

____ 3. The philosopher who believed that all peo-ple are born free and equal, with therights to life, liberty, and property wasa. John Locke.b. Thomas Hobbes.c. Galileo Galilei.d. Baron de Montesquieu.

____ 4. The group of social critics inEnlightenment France were calleda. satirists.b. philosophes.c. stoics.d. revolutionaries.

____ 5. Brilliant French satirist who frequentlytargeted the clergy, the aristocracy, andthe government wasa. Thomas Hobbes.b. Baron de Montesquieu.c. Voltaire.d. John Locke.

____ 6. An influential French writer who wrotethat “Power should be a check to power”wasa. Louis XIV.b. Voltaire.c. Thomas Hobbes.d. Baron de Montesquieu.

____ 7. French philosophe Jean Jacques Rousseaubelieved that the best form of governmentwould be aa. direct democracy.b. constitutional monarchy.c. dictatorship.d. republic.

____ 8. Women’s contributions to theEnlightenment included all of the follow-ing excepta. urging women to enter male-

dominated fields.b. writing about the inequalities between

men and women.c. running for office.d. holding social gatherings called salons

for influential people.

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46 Unit 5, Chapter 22

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RETEACHING ACTIVITY The Enlightenment SpreadsSection 3

Summarizing Complete the chart below by summarizing the significance of each ofthe people, events, or situations to the spread of Enlightenment ideas.

CHAPTER

22

Person/Event/Situation Significance

1. Diderot’s Encyclopedia

2. Neoclassical style

3. Changes in music during the Enlightenment

4. Changes in literature during the Enlightenment

5. Enlightened despots

6. Frederick II

7. Catherine the Great

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Enlightenment and Revolution 47

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RETEACHING ACTIVITY The American RevolutionSection 4

Clarifying Write T in the blank if the statement is true. If the statement is false,write F in the blank and then write the corrected statement on the line below it.

____ 1. The 1651 trade law called the Navigation Act prevented American colonists from selling their goods to Britain.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 2. The French and Indian War was fought between France and the native populationin North America.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 3. The British eventually were the victors in the French and Indian War.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 4. The Stamp Act was passed by Parliament in 1765 in order to force the American colonists to help pay for the French and Indian War.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 5. The Boston Tea Party was the name given to a convention of colonists who were planning official protests against Britain.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 6. The American Revolution began in a skirmish between British redcoats and American colonists on the green in Lexington, Massachusetts.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 7. Paul Revere was the author of the Declaration of Independence.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 8. The Declaration of Independence was based on the ideas of John Locke and the Enlightenment.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 9. The French entered the war on the side of the British in 1778.

__________________________________________________________________________

____10. The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights.

__________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER

22

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GUIDED READING The French Revolution Begins

Section 1

A. Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects As you read about the dawn ofrevolution in France, write notes to answer questions about the causes of theFrench Revolution.

B. Clarifying On the back of this paper, briefly explain why a Great Fear sweptthrough France.

CHAPTER

23

How did each of the following contribute to the revolutionary mood in France?

1. The three estates 2. Enlightenment ideas

3. Economic crisis 4. Weak leadership

How did each of the following events lead to the French Revolution?

5. Meeting of the Estates-General 6. Establishment of the National Assembly

7. Tennis Court Oath 8. Storming of the Bastille

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The French Revolution and Napoleon 49

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GUIDED READING Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

Section 2

A. Following Chronological Order As you read about the events of the FrenchRevolution, answer the questions about the time line.

National Assembly adoptsDeclaration of the Rights of Man.

National Assembly reforms status of church.

National Assembly hands powerto Legislative Assembly.

Legislative Assembly declareswar on Austria.

Parisians invade Tuileries andimprison royal family.

Parisian mobs massacre morethan 1,000 prisoners.

Ex-king Louis XVI is executed.

Robespierre leads Committee ofPublic Safety; Reign of Terrorbegins.

Robespierre is executed; Reign of Terror ends.

National Convention adopts new constitution.

B. Summarizing On the back of this paper, identify each group below and itsposition during the French Revolution.

émigrés sans-culottes Jacobins

CHAPTER

23

1789Aug.

1790

1791Sept.

1792April

Aug.

Sept.

1793Jan.

July

1794July

1795

1.What are some rights this document guaranteesFrench citizens?

2.What caused the peasants to oppose many of thesereforms?

3.What political factions made up the LegislativeAssembly?

4.What did European monarchs fear from France?

5.What effects did the September Massacres have onthe government?

6.What was the stated aim of Robespierre and hissupporters?

7.What were some consequences of the Reign ofTerror?

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The Industrial Revolution 1

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GUIDED READING The Beginnings ofIndustrialization

Section 1

A. Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects As you read this section, make notes in the chart to explain how each factor listed contributed to an Industrial Revolution in Great Britain.

B. Drawing Conclusions On the back of this paper, define enclosure and croprotation and explain how both paved the way for an agricultural revolution.

CHAPTER

25

1. Agricultural revolution

2. Abundant natural resources

3. Political stability

4. Factors of production

5. Technological advances in the textile industry

6. Entrepreneurs

7. Building of factories

8. Railroad boom

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GUIDED READING IndustrializationCase Study: Manchester

Section 2

A. Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects As you read this case study, take notes to answer questions about how industrialization changed the way people lived and worked.

B. Determining Main Ideas On the back of this paper, define urbanization andmiddle class and explain how these terms relate to industrialization.

CHAPTER

25

What changes did industrialization bring about for the following groups of people?

1. Poor city dwellers

2. Factory workers

3. Wealthy merchants, factory owners, shippers

4. Children

5. Lower middle class of factory overseers and skilled workers

6. Large landowners and aristocrats

What were the long-term consequences of the Industrial Revolution for each of the following?

7. The environment 8. Education

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RETEACHING ACTIVITY Marching Toward WarSection 1

Determining Main Ideas Complete the chart below by providing details about theevents that brought Europe close to war.

CHAPTER

29

Events Details

1. The rise of nationalism

2. The rise of militarism

3. The rise of imperialism

4. The alliance system

5. Crisis in the Balkans

6. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife

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The Great War 21

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RETEACHING ACTIVITY Europe Plunges into WarSection 2

Reading Comprehension Find the name or term in the second column that bestmatches the description in the first column. Then write the letter of your answer(s) inthe blank.

____ 1. World War I alliance that included Great Britain,France, and Russia

____ 2. Alliance that included Germany, Austria-Hungary,and Italy

____ 3. Countries that composed the Central Powers at the start of the war

____ 4. Countries that composed the Allied Powers at the start of the war

____ 5. The region of France that became a bloody stalemate

____ 6. German battle strategy that called for a quickdefeat of France in the west and then attackingRussia in the east

____ 7. Battle strategy in which soldiers fought from deeppits dug into the earth

____ 8. New warship introduced by the Germans that used underwater missiles

____ 9. Stretch of battlefield along the German andRussian border

____10. New weapon that caused blindness, blisters, and choking

CHAPTER

29

A. Western Front

B. Triple Alliance

C. Eastern Front

D. poison gas

E. Germany, Austria-Hungary

F. trench warfare

G. submarine

H. Schlieffen Plan

I. Triple Entente

J. Great Britain, France,

and Russia

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The Great War 23

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RETEACHING ACTIVITY A Flawed PeaceSection 4

Sentence Completion Select the name or term that best completes the sentence.Write the name or term in the blank.

Fourteen Points Austria-Hungary war guilt clauseGreat Britain mandates OttomanLeague of Nations Palace of Versailles Woodrow WilsonFinland GermanyGeorges Clemenceau United Nations

1. Location of meetings to determine conditions of peace after World War I:

__________________________________________________________________________

2. Represented the United States at the Paris Peace Conference:

__________________________________________________________________________

3. Represented France at the Paris Peace Conference:

__________________________________________________________________________

4. Wilson’s proposal for achieving a just and lasting peace:

__________________________________________________________________________

5. Proposed international association whose job would be to keep peace among nations:

__________________________________________________________________________

6. Part of the Treaty of Versailles that placed responsibility for the war solely on Germany:

__________________________________________________________________________

7. Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia were formed from this empire:

__________________________________________________________________________

8. Palestine, Iraq, and Transjordan came under the control of this country:

__________________________________________________________________________

9. One nation, formerly part of Russia, that became independent:

__________________________________________________________________________

10. Term for postwar territories expected to be governed by the League of Nations:

__________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER

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Revolution and Nationalism 25

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GUIDED READING TotalitarianismCase Study: Stalinist Russia

Section 2

A. Determining Main Ideas As you read this section, fill in the web diagram with key characteristics of Stalinist Russia.

B. Clarifying Define or identify each of the following terms:

totalitarianism command economy collective farm Five-Year Plan

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER

30

1. Industrial policies 2. Agricultural policies 3. Art/religion

4. Education 5. Control methods 6. Propaganda methods

Stalin’s Totalitarian State

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GUIDED READING A Worldwide DepressionSection 2

A. Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects As you read about postwar Europeand the global depression, note one or more reasons for each of the followingdevelopments.

B. Summarizing On the back of this paper, explain how Franklin D. Rooseveltand his New Deal reformed the American economic system.

CHAPTER

31

1. In new postwar democracies, there were frequent 2. In Germany, the Weimar Republic was weak changes in government. from the start.

3. Postwar Germany suffered from severe economic 4. The United States had a flawed economy.inflation.

5. On October 29, 1929, the U.S. stock market crashed. 6. A long depression followed the crash in the United States.

7. Collapse of the U.S. economy affected countries 8. In Britain, the National Government rescued the worldwide. economy.

9. In France, the Popular Front was formed as a 10. Socialist governments in Scandinavian coalition government. countries dealt with the economic crisis successfully.

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RETEACHING ACTIVITY Hitler’s Lightning WarSection 1

Reading Comprehension Find the name or term in the second column that bestmatches the description in the first column. Then write the letter of your answer(s) in the blank.

____ 1. Agreement between Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and AdolfHitler in which the two plotted to divide Poland betweenthem

____ 2. Germany’s military strategy of “lightning war”

____ 3. A system of fortifications along France’s border withGermany

____ 4. French port city near the Belgian border from which afleet of British ships and civilian craft evacuated trappedsoldiers in 1940

____ 5. French general who organized the Free French militaryforces to fight the Nazis

____ 6. British prime minister during World War II

____ 7. Name for Germany’s air force

____ 8. 1941 battle that demonstrated that Hitler’s attacks couldbe blocked

____ 9. Commander of Hitler’s crack German tank force, theAfrika Korps

____10. Joint declaration issued by Roosevelt and Churchill thatupheld free trade among nations and the people’s right tochoose their own government

CHAPTER

32

A. Winston Churchill

B. Maginot Line

C. Atlantic Charter

D. Charles de Gaulle

E. Erwin Rommel

F. Dunkirk

G. Battle of Midway

H. blitzkrieg

I. Battle of Britain

J. nonaggression pact

K. Luftwaffe

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World War II 89

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RETEACHING ACTIVITY Japan’s Pacific CampaignSection 2

Clarifying Write T in the blank if the statement is true. If the statement is false, writeF in the blank and then write the corrected statement on the line below it.

____ 1. As the war progressed, Japan’s desire to expand its empire led to attacks on Manchuria and China.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 2. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto was Japan’s greatest naval strategist.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 3. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in the Philippines killed more than 2,300 Americans.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 4. The Bataan Death March was a forced march of Japanese prisoners of war on the Malay Peninsula.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 5. Bombers under the command of Colonel James H. Doolittle bombed Tokyo and demonstrated Japan’s vulnerability to air attack.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 6. The Battle of the Coral Sea, using a new kind of naval warfare, was a victory for Japanese forces.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 7. The Battle of Midway turned the tide of war in the Pacific toward the Allies.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 8. General Douglas MacArthur devised the strategy of “island-hopping,” which meant that the Allies would seize islands that were not well-defended but were closer to Japan.

__________________________________________________________________________

____ 9. The Battle of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands lasted for two months and ended with Japanese withdrawal.

__________________________________________________________________________

____10. The “island of death” was what the Allies called Japan.

__________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER

32

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RETEACHING ACTIVITY The HolocaustSection 3

Determining Main Ideas Choose the word that most accurately completes eachsentence below. Write that word in the blank provided.

ghettos Final Solution SSgenocide Kristallnacht Holocaustconcentration camps Poland CommunistsAustria Star of David Nuremberg LawsNazis Auschwitz

1. Political party in Germany that proclaimed that Aryans were a “master race”:

__________________________________________________________________________

2. Term that refers to the systematic mass killing of Jews and other groups judged to be inferior:

_________________________________________________________________________

3. 1935 laws that deprived Jews of their rights to German citizenship and forbade marriages between

Jews and non-Jews: __________________________________________________________

4. “Night of Broken Glass” in Germany when Nazi stormtroopers attacked Jewish businesses,

homes, and synagogues: ______________________________________________________

5. Segregated areas in certain cities into which Jewish people were herded:

__________________________________________________________________________

6. Symbol Jews in German-controlled areas were forced to wear for identification:

__________________________________________________________________________

7. Hitler’s term for his long-term program for the Jews: ________________________________

8. The systematic killing of an entire people: ________________________________________

9. Acronym for Hitler’s elite security force: __________________________________________

10. Locations where Jews were taken as prisoners: ____________________________________

11. The largest of the extermination camps: __________________________________________

12. Country that had the highest number of Jews killed during the Holocaust:

__________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER

32

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World War II 91

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RETEACHING ACTIVITY The Allied VictorySection 4

Determining Main Ideas Complete the chart below by answering questions aboutimportant events in the World War II.

CHAPTER

32

Events

North African Campaign 1. North African battle in which 2. German general inGerman troops were beaten back: North Africa:

Battle of Stalingrad 3. German commander in the 4. Number of Soviet Battle of Stalingrad: military deaths:

Mobilizing for War 5. Process of controlling distribution 6. Process of relocatingof scarce goods during wartime: Japanese Americans into

restricted areas:

Victory in Europe 7. Location of Allied D-Day invasion: 8. Battle along the front in the Ardennes in which the Allies pushed the Germans back:

Victory in the Pacific 9. Japanese suicide pilots: 10. Event that caused Japan to surrender:

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