EnlightenmentEnlightenment&&

REVOLUTION!!REVOLUTION!!

Unit 6Unit 6

Age of EnlightenmentAge of Enlightenment(Early 1700s)(Early 1700s)

Beliefs of The EnlightenmentBeliefs of The Enlightenment

Using Reason Solves ALL ProblemsUsing Reason Solves ALL Problems

Focus on Changing/Improving Gov’tFocus on Changing/Improving Gov’t– Anti-Religion, Humanist Anti-Religion, Humanist

Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes

Book: Book: LeviathanLeviathan

Only a POWERFUL Gov’t Can Provide Only a POWERFUL Gov’t Can Provide OrderOrder

People are Naturally Cruel & SelfishPeople are Naturally Cruel & Selfish

John LockeJohn Locke

Book: Book: Two Treaties of GovernmentTwo Treaties of Government

All People Have NATURAL RIGHTSAll People Have NATURAL RIGHTS– LifeLife– LibertyLiberty– PropertyProperty– OVERTHROW Bad GovernmentOVERTHROW Bad Government

MontesquieuMontesquieu

Book: Book: The Spirit of LawsThe Spirit of Laws

Divide Gov’t Into Executive, Judicial, Divide Gov’t Into Executive, Judicial, & Legislative& Legislative– Checks & BalancesChecks & Balances

Adam SmithAdam Smith

Book: Book: The Wealth of NationsThe Wealth of Nations

Wants LAISSEZ FAIRE EconomyWants LAISSEZ FAIRE Economy– Gov’t Leaves Economy ALONEGov’t Leaves Economy ALONE

OthersOthers

RoussauRoussau– People Are Corrupted by SOCIETYPeople Are Corrupted by SOCIETY– Book: Book: Social ContractSocial Contract

WollstoncraftWollstoncraft– Woman’s EqualityWoman’s Equality

DiderotDiderot– End of Slavery/Education for AllEnd of Slavery/Education for All

Other Aspects of the EnlightenmentOther Aspects of the Enlightenment

Enlightenment Authors Wanted a Enlightenment Authors Wanted a Democratically Elected Gov’tDemocratically Elected Gov’t

Catholic Church Banned Books by Authors Catholic Church Banned Books by Authors and Imprisoned Themand Imprisoned Them

Absolute Monarchs Who Wanted Change Absolute Monarchs Who Wanted Change Were “Enlightened Monarchs”Were “Enlightened Monarchs”– Frederick & Catherine the GreatFrederick & Catherine the Great

Rise of DemocracyRise of Democracy

The King’s AdvisorsThe King’s Advisors

Great Britain Became a Great Britain Became a CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHYCONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY– Kingdom w/ RulesKingdom w/ Rules

King Had to Listen to a Group of King Had to Listen to a Group of Advisors Called The CABINET Led by Advisors Called The CABINET Led by a PRIME MINISTERa PRIME MINISTER

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Anger in AmericaAnger in America

Former English in America Felt Their Former English in America Felt Their Rights Were Protected By MAGNA Rights Were Protected By MAGNA CARTACARTA

British Sent Troops to America; British Sent Troops to America; Violence Led to BOSTON MASSACREViolence Led to BOSTON MASSACRE

American’s Protested Over Taxes American’s Protested Over Taxes (BOSTON TEA PARTY)(BOSTON TEA PARTY)

American ActionAmerican Action

Formed CONTINENTAL CONGRESSFormed CONTINENTAL CONGRESS– First Independent American GovernmentFirst Independent American Government

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCEDECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE– Written by Thomas Jefferson Against Written by Thomas Jefferson Against

British Control of AmericaBritish Control of America– ““Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness”Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness”

American Revolutionary WarAmerican Revolutionary War

Fought British in America Because Fought British in America Because Americans Were Taxed w/o Being Americans Were Taxed w/o Being RepresentedRepresented

BATTLE OF YORKTOWN (1781)BATTLE OF YORKTOWN (1781)– Ended War w/ American VictoryEnded War w/ American Victory

American IndependenceAmerican Independence

Treaty of Paris (1783)Treaty of Paris (1783)– U.S. Becomes Independent NationU.S. Becomes Independent Nation– Ally w/ France Helped U.S. WinAlly w/ France Helped U.S. Win

Poster AssignmentPoster Assignment

Make a Poster Advertising Either For Make a Poster Advertising Either For or Against American Independence or Against American Independence from Britainfrom Britain

Include Reason Why You Chose SideInclude Reason Why You Chose Side

Have a Clear Picture Representing Have a Clear Picture Representing OpinionOpinion

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution

The Three EstatesThe Three Estates

French Society was Divided Into THREE French Society was Divided Into THREE ESTATES Under the King:ESTATES Under the King:

– First: Clergy (Pastors, Priests, etc)First: Clergy (Pastors, Priests, etc)– Second: Nobles (Wealthy, Landowners)Second: Nobles (Wealthy, Landowners)– Third: Everyone ElseThird: Everyone Else

Estates General was France’s Parliament Estates General was France’s Parliament or Congressor Congress– Against King’s PowerAgainst King’s Power

Problems in FranceProblems in France

The Government Was BrokeThe Government Was Broke– Spent to Much on Wars & LuxuriesSpent to Much on Wars & Luxuries

King Louis Called the Estates General King Louis Called the Estates General Into Session (Make Decisions)Into Session (Make Decisions)– First Time in 175 YearsFirst Time in 175 Years– Needed Them to Raise TaxesNeeded Them to Raise Taxes

French ConstitutionFrench Constitution

Once In Session, Estates General Once In Session, Estates General Writes NEW Constitution (1789)Writes NEW Constitution (1789)– For “Life, Equality, Fraternity”For “Life, Equality, Fraternity”

Similar to American Constitution in Similar to American Constitution in Same YearSame Year

Rebellion BeginsRebellion Begins

King Louis XIV Begins Oppressing & King Louis XIV Begins Oppressing & Attacking the Estates GeneralAttacking the Estates General– Anger at New ConstitutionAnger at New Constitution

French Citizens in Paris ATTACK the French Citizens in Paris ATTACK the King’s Fort, The BASTILLE for King’s Fort, The BASTILLE for WeaponsWeapons– Begins French RevolutionBegins French Revolution

Storming of the BastilleStorming of the Bastille

Revolution’s ResultsRevolution’s Results

France Formed a National AssemblyFrance Formed a National Assembly– Took Property from Catholic Church to Took Property from Catholic Church to

Pay Off DebtsPay Off Debts

King Louis XIV & Wife Marie King Louis XIV & Wife Marie Antoinette Tried to Escape to Antoinette Tried to Escape to GermanyGermany– Were Caught, Arrested, EXECUTEDWere Caught, Arrested, EXECUTED

Reign of TerrorReign of Terror

Max Robespierre NEW Head of Max Robespierre NEW Head of French Gov’tFrench Gov’t

Treated Enemies of Revolution as Treated Enemies of Revolution as TraitorsTraitors

Use of GuillotineUse of Guillotine– Executed People like King Louis XIVExecuted People like King Louis XIV– Killed Over 40,000 in Paris AloneKilled Over 40,000 in Paris Alone

The GuillotineThe Guillotine

NapoleonNapoleon

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte

General in the French ArmyGeneral in the French Army

Took Control of France (1789)Took Control of France (1789)– Made It a World PowerMade It a World Power

SHORT, Charismatic, In Love (w/ SHORT, Charismatic, In Love (w/ Josephine)Josephine)

Supported By EveryoneSupported By Everyone

French CatholicsFrench Catholics– Gave Them Religious FreedomGave Them Religious Freedom

PeasantsPeasants– Allowed Them to Keep Lands Stolen Allowed Them to Keep Lands Stolen

from Nobles and Churchfrom Nobles and Church

Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars

Tried to Conquer the World; Europe 1stTried to Conquer the World; Europe 1st

VictoriesVictories– ItalyItaly– GermanyGermany

DefeatsDefeats– Trafalgar (to England)Trafalgar (to England)– Russia (TOO Cold; Only 2.5% Army Survived)Russia (TOO Cold; Only 2.5% Army Survived)– Waterloo (LAST Defeat)Waterloo (LAST Defeat)

Napoleon’s LegacyNapoleon’s Legacy Napoleon Abdicates Napoleon Abdicates

After Losing, Exiled to After Losing, Exiled to the Island Elbathe Island Elba

Returns, but is Exiled Returns, but is Exiled Again to Island in Again to Island in South Atlantic, DiesSouth Atlantic, Dies

Sold Louisiana to the Sold Louisiana to the United States to Pay United States to Pay for Warsfor Wars– Doubled the Size of the Doubled the Size of the

U.S.U.S.

Even MORE RevolutionEven MORE Revolution

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Leaders in Europe Met to Discuss Leaders in Europe Met to Discuss Europe’s FutureEurope’s Future

Balanced Power Amongst the Balanced Power Amongst the European Countries; Equal PowerEuropean Countries; Equal Power

Replaced Governments in Other Replaced Governments in Other Countries Back to MONARCHIESCountries Back to MONARCHIES

Causes of Other French Causes of Other French RevolutionsRevolutions

Revolution of 1830Revolution of 1830– Charles X Tried to Make Himself an Charles X Tried to Make Himself an

ABSOLUTE MONARCHABSOLUTE MONARCH

Revolution of 1848Revolution of 1848– Louis Philippe's Corrupt Gov’tLouis Philippe's Corrupt Gov’t– RecessionRecession– Rise in Bread PricesRise in Bread Prices

Latin American RevolutionsLatin American Revolutions

HaitiHaiti

First Latin American Country to RebelFirst Latin American Country to Rebel– Inspired by French & AmericanInspired by French & American– Leader Toussaint L’Overture JUST Like Leader Toussaint L’Overture JUST Like

NapoleonNapoleon

Violent, Bloody Slave Rebellion Against Violent, Bloody Slave Rebellion Against MastersMasters

Made First Independent Black Nation in the Made First Independent Black Nation in the AmericasAmericas

Haitian RevolutionHaitian Revolution

Rebellion Against SpanishRebellion Against Spanish

MexicoMexico– Led by Agustin de IturbideLed by Agustin de Iturbide– Became Emperor BrieflyBecame Emperor Briefly

PeruPeru– Led by Tupac Amaru IILed by Tupac Amaru II

RevolutionariesRevolutionaries

Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar– Independence of: Venezuela, Colombia, Independence of: Venezuela, Colombia,

Ecuador, Peru, & BoliviaEcuador, Peru, & Bolivia

Jose de San MartinJose de San Martin– Independence of: Argentina & ChileIndependence of: Argentina & Chile

BrazilBrazil

PEACEFUL Independence Gained PEACEFUL Independence Gained from Portugalfrom Portugal

Portuguese King Gave Son to Rule Portuguese King Gave Son to Rule Brazil IndependentlyBrazil Independently