Chapter 20 section 2

EUROPEAN NATIONS SETTLE NORTH AMERICA

New FranceJamestown

PilgrimsPuritans

New Netherlands French and Indian War

Metacom

KEY TERMS

Giovanni da Verrazzano 1524 sailed to America to

find sea route to the Pacific

Sailed for the French and discovered New York harbor

Jacques Cartier reached eastern Canada

Cartier named the Saint Lawrence River

Quebec became the capitol of new France

EXPLORERS ESTABLISH NEW FRANCE

French had many colonies in Canada

(New France)Hoped to find silver

and gold, did notFound fish, furs

Lynx

Otter

Fox

Beaver sold for high prices

FRENCH, DUTCH, AND ENGLISH COLONIES IN THE AMERICAS

French did not send a large number of

colonistsOnly small groups of

tradersFrench not interested

in settling downFrench did not enslave

Native AmericansNative Americans were the main source of furs

NEW FRANCE

Many French married Native Americans

Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec

French explored the Mississippi

Thought it flowed to the Pacific ocean

La Salle claimed land around Mississippi region

Called Louisiana after King Louis XIV

NEW FRANCE

Did not set out to establish colonies

Jamestown the first colony in 1607

Hoped for silver and gold and route to the

Pacific1620’s Pilgrims sailed

to Plymouth because of religious persecution

THE ENGLISH COLONIES

More interested in gold than planting crops

Seven out of 10 die from hunger and disease

First permanent English settlement

Farmers discovered tobacco

High profit cash crop

THE SETTLEMENT OF JAMESTOWN

Located on the Hudson River

1629 Governor bought Manhattan from Wappinger peopleNew Amsterdam

became New York CityFewer than 4,000

people in all of New Netherland

THE DUTCH OF NEW NETHERLANDS

Pilgrims were self sufficient in five years

Did not share same relationship with Native

Americans as the French and Dutch

Native Americans had helped the colonists

Colonists view Native Americans with distrust

or anger

THE ENGLISH COLONIES

Puritans sought religious freedom

Made a large colony in Massachusetts Bay area

Wanted to build a model community

Numerous families helped to build the colony

PURITANS CREATE NEW ENGLAND

Dutch established relationship with the

Iroquois Indians

Trading posts along the Hudson River

Formed Dutch West India company

1621 Dutch government gave permission to colonize

Dutch

Germans

Scandinavians

Start settlements

THE DUTCH FOUND NEW NETHERLANDS

Dutch more focused on colonies in other parts of

the worldThey were more

profitable because they got goods not available in Europe or the AmericasProduced sugar in the

CaribbeanSpices from Southeast

Asia

THE DUTCH OF NEW NETHERLAND

New Netherlands separated Northern and Southern

English colonies

Charles II gave Duke of York permission to oust the

Dutch

Dutch surrendered after a naval blockade

English renamed it New York

1750 1.2 million English colonists

13 colonies from Maine to Georgia

THE ENGLISH OUST THE DUTCH

Mid-1700’s British tried to settle in French

Territory(upper Ohio River Valley)

Tensions grew war broke out 1754

English and French both with Native American

help Called the French and

Indian War

BRITISH-FRENCH CONFLICT

First war went badly for the British

French had more soldiers

British took QuebecFrench surrendered

gave up all land east of the Mississippi and

Canada

BRITISH-FRENCH CONFLICT

British controlled more of North America

War was costlyEnglish King placed

cost of war on the Americans

Led to resentmentPlanted the seeds of the

revolution

BRITISH-FRENCH CONFLICT

French and Dutch mostly cooperative

Mutual benefits

Natives did most of the trapping

In return they received

Guns

Hatchets

Mirrors

beads

NATIVE AMERICANS RESPOND

Dutch fought some over land claims and trading

rights

Early relations with the English were cooperative

English sought to populate North America

Pushed natives off their land

Religious difference heightened tensions

Settlers considered them heathens

A STRAINED RELATIONSHIP

1622 Powhatan tribe attacked colonial villages

around Jamestown

Killed 350 settlers

Settlers struck back and massacred hundreds of

Powhatans

King Philip’s War 1675

Metacom-known as King Philip

Attacked colonial villages throughout Massachusetts

Both sides massacred hundreds of victims

SETTLERS AND NATIVE AMERICANS BATTLE

Diseases devastated native population in North America

1616 smallpox caused one tribe to go from 24,000 to

750

South Carolina to Missouri whole tribes fell to

smallpox, measles, and other diseases

Disease caused a shortage of labor

Colonists turned to Africans by the million

NATIVES FALL TO DISEASE