Chapter 2Human Body Systems

Digestive System Respiratory System

Muscular SystemCirculatory System Skeletal System

Chapter 2Human Body Systems

Lesson 1 Digestive System

blood-digestive system-esophagus-large intestine-small intestine-stomach-

• Similar CELLS make up TISSUE.• Tissue makes up ORGANS.• Similar organs make up ORGAN SYSTEMS.

Energy from Nutrients

• All parts of your body need energy and materials to function properly.

• The body takes in FOOD to get the energy and materials that it needs.

• The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM processes the food.

• FOOD contains the NUTRIENTS that the body needs.

• The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM is one of the body’s major ORGAN SYSTEMS.–Its job is to break down food into nutrients that the body cells can use.•This process is called DIGESTION

Nutrients

CarbohydratesMAIN SOURCE OF

ENERGY

ProteinsUSED TO REPLACE,

REPAIR, and GROW new cells and tissue

Vitamins and Minerals

HELP NERVES WORK

FatsKEEP SKIN HEALTHYHelp the body use

vitamins and cushion body organs

The Path of Food• Digestion begins when food enters your

mouth– You start chewing. Your teeth grind the food

into smaller pieces. This allows the food to begin moving through the digestive system.

– Your tongue pushes the food around in your mouth and mixes it with saliva.• Saliva contains chemicals called enzymes.

These enzymes change the starch in bread into sugar

• Starches and sugars are CARBOHYDRATES.• Carbohydrates are one of the main nutrients

your body needs

When you swallow chewed food it moves into the ESOPHAGUS. – This is where food is pushed down

toward the STOMACH

The STOMACH is the organ that mixes and stores food and turns it into a soupy mix

• The stomach squeezes the food and mixes it with digestive juices that contain enzymes and an acid.– The acid breaks down the food

Completing Digestion• When the food leaves the stomach it enters

the SMALL INTESTINE– The small intestine is the long, coiled organ

where MOST digestion takes place– Food remains in the small intestine for 1-6

HOURS– This is where the digestion of fats and

carbohydrates are digested with the help of the pancreas and the liver.

– Protein is already digested

The nutrients pass through the small intestine into the BLOOD. Blood carries nutrients and oxygen to EVERY cell in the body

• Any undigested food enters the large intestine–The large intestine is the organ where water and minerals from food are removed and absorbed into the blood.–Food stays in the large intestine from 12-36 hours–The material that is left over passes out of the body as solid waste

Lesson 2 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

Artery-Capillary-Circulatory system-Heart-Respiratory system-Vein-

Respiratory System

• Organs that work together to take air into the body and push it back out make up the ________________

• When you inhale you take air into your _______ or _________.

• The air moves to the _____________ , which connects the throat to the lungs– Air sacs are where oxygen is transferred to the

____________– At the same time, carbon dioxide waste from cells

is transferred from your blood to the air sacs

• When you exhale, your body gets rid of _____________.

• The __________ is the dome-shaped muscle that helps you breathe

Circulatory System

• The job of the __________________________ is to transport oxygen, nutrients, water, and wastes.

• The _________________ is a muscular pump that pushes the blood

*Blood Flow Chart taped into copybook*

• Artery blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the heart

• Capillary tiny blood vessel that CONNECTS arteries and veins (passes oxygen to the veins)

• Veins carries blood back to the heart (has little oxygen left)

• Veins enter the heart and go to the lungs to pick up more oxygen

• Solid parts of blood are in a liquid called____________, which carries the nutrients and water

The Heart

The inside of your heart is divided into four spaces called CHAMBERS

Two upper chambers receive blood from veins:1. right atrium2. left atrium

Two lower chambers pump blood into the arteries1. right ventricle2. left ventricle

Lesson 3Skeletal and Muscular Systems

muscular system-skeletal system-

The Skeletal System

• Gives the body shape and support• Protects the organs inside the body• Works with the muscles to move the

body

• Bones come together at JOINTS• Flexible material called CARTILAGE

cushions most bones where they meet

• LIGAMENTS connect bone to cartilage and hold the joint together

Muscular System

• Made of muscle that makes the body move

The Three Kinds of Muscle• Skeletal muscle moves your bones• Cardiac muscle is found in the heart• Smooth muscle is found in blood vessels

and many organs