Chapter 2 -

England – 17th Century

Turmoil over crown authority and parliamentary authority

Glorious Revolution –

established modern English parliamentary democracy

No absolute power for monarchs Bill of Rights

England – 17th Century

Bicameral – Parliament Local initiative – office of justices of the peace and

sheriff Only taxed through consent of Parliament MAGNA CARTA – people had rights that a monarch

could not violate. Common Law – decisions made by judges became

precedents for later decisions Warrants Trial by jury of peers

England – 17th Century

Good for business... Joint stock companies – stockholders shared risk

and profits Bad for common people...

Population explosion Enclosure movement – evict serfs/tenants in favor

for sheep

Meaning of Words Practice

The ranks of entrepreneurs and adventurers were constantly replenished by the younger sons of the squirearchy, cut off from the estate that the oldest inherited according to the law of primogeniture.

Tall and broad-shouldered, James I was conceited, profligate, and lazy.

Powhatan realized too late that the newcomers intended to seize his lands and subjugate his people.

Synonyms - profligate

dissolute - rakish - wasteful - licentious - prodigal

English Attempts to Colonize

Roanoke – 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored 100 colonists led by

John White Three years later – all colonists gone Virginia Dare – first English child born in New World

Jamestown – 1607 Men arrived at Chesapeake Bay Funded by Virginia Company Gave men equal rights regardless of class (setting

foundations for rev

Failure…

Jamestown nearly failed because:

1. Conflict with the Native Americans

2. Unprepared – most men lacked skills and were not accustomed to hard-work

3. Location – standing water bred mosquitoes with disease

4. Starvation – bad droughts added to lack of preparedness

5. Lack of leadership

Statistics

December, 1606 - 144 people left England

May, 1607 – 101 colonists landed in Jamestown

May, 1608 – Less than 60 colonists left

August, 1609 – 400 new colonists land in Jamestown

May, 1610 – Only 60 colonists remained

Tobacco saved Jamestown Headright –

buy a share in Virginia Company and get 50 acres Way to attract immigrants Wealthy received 50 acres for each indentured servant

Indentured Servants Contracts lasted 5-7 years Promised “freedom dues” Forbidden to marry 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!

1619 – first evidence of slaves in Jamestown

Virginia

1624 – Virginia became royal colony Commission appointed by king recommended

dissolution of Virginia Company Sir William Berkeley – governor for 34 years By 1650, there were 15,000 residents of Virginia. Largest planters – most fertile land Freed servants –

less fertile along frontier settlement provoked Natives No militia support given to them by wealthy

Bacon's Rebellion

protest against Native American raids on the frontier protest against policies of favoritism shown by the

Royal Governor of Virginia, William Berkeley. Jamestown was burned Bacon died of lice 23 men were hanged. Berkeley being recalled to England to answer for the

local problems.

1. Virginia2. Maryland3. Massachusetts 4. Rhode Island5. Connecticut6. New Hampshire7. South Carolina8. New York9. New Jersey10. Pennsylvania/Delaware 11. Georgia12. North Carolina

VirginiaVirginia Arrived in Jamestown on May 6, 1607

Jamestown failed because of lack of food

Virginia’s main purpose was tobacco

July 30, 1619-first General Assembly of Virginia

1st blacks known to reach America in 1619

Captain Tucker poisoned Indian’s drinks and burned village

Virginia became colony in 1624 and Berkely was governor, who rose taxes and treated common man unfairly

Bacon rebellion resulted in new lands open for colonists

New England – cold, long, hard winters; short, mild summers; rocky soil

Middle Colonies – cold winters; long, hot summers; rich soil

Southern Colonies – long, hot summers; short, mild winters, rich soil

Climate plays a big role in shaping history, culture, economy of a particular place.

Diversity of Colonies

New England, Middle Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct economies.

New England – cities, trade, smaller and more diverse farming

Middle – diverse, farming, trading

Southern – cash crops, large plantations, few cities

Charter Colony – grant charter to individual or trading company by crown.

Virginia Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts Bay Colony

Proprietary Colony – granted land to individuals or groups Pennsylvania Maine Maryland New York New Jersey

Royal Colony – controlled by the crown and ruled by appointed governor and governing council

By 1775, only Pennsylvania and Maryland retained their proprietary status, and only Connecticut and Rhode Island remained charter colonies.

Roanoke and Jamestown

Most settlers came for economic reasons!

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay

Most settlers came for religious reasons!

New England Colonies

• The 16th century Reformation (reform church) caused a split in the Christian Church; Catholics and Protestants

• One extreme group of Protestant reformers – the Puritans wanted to “purify” their religion of all traces of Catholicism

• King James I – thought Puritans were threat and wanted them expelled

Historical Background

Pilgrims/Puritans/Separatists35 Puritans set sail on the Mayflower in 1620

Indentured to Virginia Company (7 years)

Landed on Cape Cod

Before getting off ship – made a compact called the Mayflower Compact

Ideas of rule of majority and separation of church and state in this document = some of U.S. founding principles

What about Thanksgiving????

• Thanksgiving was made into a national holiday during the Civil War

• Abraham Lincoln felt that it would boost patriotism

Puritans

Wanted to be free to worship as they wanted - study bible, listen to sermons, and examine lives and world for clues of God’s will

Predestination - God had already chosen who would be in heaven or hell, and each believer had no way of knowing which group they were in.

Salem Witch Trials

1692 – Salem, Massachusetts Increasing family size fueled disputes over land

between neighbors and within families Women subservient to their men = women more likely

to enlist in the Devil's service than a man was Small town atmosphere = people's opinions about

their neighbors were generally accepted as fact "Children should be seen and not heard"

Hysteria in Salem led to 20 people being executed for witchcraft.

HOW and WHY did this happen?