centuries of turmoil
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Centuries of Turmoil. Pages 575 to 579. Foreign Invaders. Nomads from Central Asia dominated ME in the 1000s Wanted fertile land of the Mesopotamia. Crusaders. Pope Urban II called for in 1095 Crusade - holy war - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Centuries of Turmoil
Pages 575 to
579
Foreign InvadersNomads from Central Asia dominated ME in the 1000sWanted fertile land of the Mesopotamia
CrusadersPope Urban II called for in 1095Crusade- holy war
Christian and Western regions to lead crusades- (France, Germany, England, & Italy)
Against the MuslimsGoal= Recapture Palestine (the Holy Land)
Why was Palestine the Holy Land?
Because Jesus lived and died there.
1st Crusade1096Crusaders slaughtered Muslim and Jewish residents in order to take over Jerusalem. Set up Christian kingdoms along the Mediterranean
Continued…
Crusades had limited effectWestern Europe less advanced than ME at the timeBrilliant Muslim general, Saladin, drove Christians out of Jerusalem
Saladin: A Noble Warrior1100s
Respected by both Muslims and ChristiansConquered Jerusalem without killing its inhabitantsBroke tradition of making defeated peoples slaves
Ottoman Empire1300s Turkish-speaking people from Central Asia who converted to IslamEmpire stretched from Europe, across the Middle East to North AfricaCaptured Constantinople (Capital of Byzantine Empire)Stunned European Christians
Continued…Ottomans renamed capital IstanbulOE lasted for over 500 yearsHead of gov’t= sultan had a lot of people run empireMen of pen= lawyers, judges, mathematiciansMen of the sword= soldiers/slaves
Role of Ottoman SlavesConquered peoples became slavesConverted Christian slaves to IslamWhen slaves converted they became free
Othman I, Founder of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan 1299-1326
The Millets
Millets- non-Muslim communitiesOwed loyalty to sultan, but each had its own religious leader
The Safavid Empire (Iran today)
1500s chief rival of OETwo empires waged bloody wars for control of MesopotamiaSafavid= ShiiteOttoman= Sunni
Continued…
Safavid Empire lasted until 1736Ruled by shahs, or kingsIran was ruled by shahs until 1979!