chapter 18 question of the day examine the following items: a plastic sandwich bag, a piece of...
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Chapter 18
Question of the DayExamine the following items: a plastic sandwichbag, a piece of paper, a pencil, an empty Coke can, a glass of water, a quart of motor oil, wooden matches, salt, and aquarium charcoal. What do all of these items have in common?
Write your thoughts on your paper in complete sentences.
Section 1 Natural Resources
Chapter 18 Energy Resources
Chapter 18: Energy Resources
•In section 1 we will learn about the Earth’s renewable and nonrenewable resources.
•Section 2 will have us talk about the good and bad sides of fossil fuels.
•Finally, in section 3, will learn about “Green Energy” and other alternatives to using fossil fuels.
Chapter 18 Energy Resources
Chapter 18 Main Standard
The Earth 7:Analyze and evaluate the impact of
man’s use of Earth’s land, water, and atmospheric resources.
Look at, and think about, how people use things we take from the Earth.
Chapter 18
Today’s Objectives
• Describe how humans use natural resources.
• Compare renewable resources with nonrenewable resources.
• Explain three ways that humans can conserve natural resources.
Section 1 Natural Resources
Chapter 18
Earth’s Resources
• Natural Resource - any natural material that is used by humans, such as water, petroleum, minerals, forests and animals.
• Most resources are made into products that make people’s lives more comfortable and convenient.
• On your paper, brainstorm a list of 10 things you use most often that makes your life comfortable and convenient.
Section 1 Natural Resources
Chapter 18
Renewable Resources• A Renewable Resource is a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed.
• Most Earth resources are renewable, however, they still can be used up before they can be renewed.
Section 1 Natural Resources
•Trees are renewable, however, some forests are being cut down faster than new forests can grow to replace them.
Chapter 18
Nonrenewable Resources
• A Nonrenewable Resource is a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which it is consumed.
• Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are examples of nonrenewable resources. When these resources are used up, humans will have to find other forms of resources to replace them.
Section 1 Natural Resources
Chapter 18
Look At Your List • Look at the list you made of the 10 things in your life that make it more comfortable and convenient.
•Can you tell which ones are a renewable resource and which ones are a nonrenewable resource? If you can, write “renewable” or “nonrenewable” beside each one.
•How do you know?
•Share your list with a friend and see if your items are on on his or her list.
Section 1 Natural Resources
Chapter 18
Conserving Natural Resources• Whether the natural resources you use are renewable or nonrenewable, you should be careful how you use them.
•Humans have the greatest impact on Earth’s resources.
• To conserve natural resources, you should try to use them only when necessary.
Section 1 Natural Resources
Chapter 18
Conserving Natural Resources, continued
• Conserving resources also means taking care of the resources so they can be used in the future.
• It is important to keep lakes and rivers clean. Polluted water can harm plants and animals, including humans.
Section 1 Natural Resources
Chapter 18
Conserving Natural Resources, continued• The energy we use to heat our homes, drive our cars, and run our computers comes from natural resources.
• Most of the natural resources that provide us energy are nonrenewable resources.
•If we don’t limit our use of energy now, the resources may not be available in the future.
Section 1 Natural Resources
Chapter 18
Conserving Natural Resources, continued
•Another way to conserve natural resources is to recycle.
•Recycling is the process of recovering valuable or useful materials from waste or scrap; the process of reusing come items.
Section 1 Natural Resources
Chapter 18 Section 1 Natural Resources
•On your paper make three columns and title the three columns Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.
•In groups you are going to write down and discuss items or systems you can place in each category. • Now turn to your desks to your color groups (groups of 4), come up with as many examples as you can in three minutes.
Conserving Natural Resources Activity
Chapter 18
Conserving Natural Resources, continued•Recycling saves Earth’s natural resources such as trees that must be cut down to make new paper products.
•Recycling also conserves energy. Energy is required to recycle materials, but it takes less energy to recycle an aluminum can than it does to make a new one.
Section 1 Natural Resources
Chapter 18 Section 1 Natural Resources
•We use natural resources such as water, petroleum, and lumber to make our lives more comfortable.
•Renewable resources can be replaces, however, nonrenewable resources can take thousands, if not millions of years to form.
•Natural resources can be conserved by using only what is needed, taking care of resources, and recycling.
Lesson Summary
Chapter 18
Question of the Day
What does the term fossil fuel imply about the source of these fuels? Record your answer in full sentences.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18 Energy Resources
Chapter 18 Main Standard
The Earth 7:Analyze and evaluate the impact of
man’s use of Earth’s land, water, and atmospheric resources.
Look at, and think about, how people use things we take from the Earth.
Chapter 18
Today’s Objectives
• Describe what energy resources are.
• Identify three different forms of fossil fuels.
• Explain how fossil fuels form.
• Describe how fossil fuels are found and obtained.
• Identify four problems with fossil fuels.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Energy Resources
•Energy resources are natural resources that provide us with ways of making energy.
•A fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago; examples include oil, coal, and natural gas.
• Energy is released from fossil fuels when they are burned. But because fossil fuels are a nonrenewable resource, once they are burned, they are gone.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Types of Fossil Fuels
• Liquid Fossil Fuels
•Petroleum- A liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds; used widely as a fuel source.
•Petroleum is also commonly known as crude oil.
• Petroleum is separated into several kinds of products in refineries. Those products include gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oil.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Types of Fossil Fuels, continued
• More than 40% of the world’s energy comes from petroleum products.
• Crude oil is so valuable that it is sometimes called black gold.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Types of Fossil Fuels, continued
• Gaseous Fossil Fuels
•Natural Gas – A mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons located under the surface of the earth, often near petroleum deposits; used as fuel.
•Most natural gas is used for heating, but it is also used for generating electrical energy.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Types of Fossil Fuels, continued
• An advantage of natural gas is that using it causes less air pollution than using oil does.
•A disadvantage of natural gas is that it is very flammable. Gas leaks can lead to fires or deadly explosions.
•Natural gas is cleaner than oil but can explode.
• Butane and propane are often used as fuel for camp stoves and outdoor grills.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Types of Fossil Fuels, continued
• Solid Fossil Fuels
• Coal- a fossil fuel that forms underground from partially decomposed plant material.
• Coal was once the major source of energy in the United States. People burned coal in stoves to heat their homes.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
How Do Fossil Fuels Form?
•Petroleum and natural gas form mainly from the remains of microscopic sea organisms.
• When these organisms dies, the remains settle on the ocean floor where the remains decay and are buried to become part of the ocean sediment.
•Over time, the sediment slowly becomes rock, trapping the decayed remains.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18 Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
How Do Fossil Fuels Form?, continued
• Coal forms underground over millions of years when pressure and heat cause changes in the remains of swamp plants.
• When plants die, they sink to the bottom of the swamp. If they do not decay completely, coal formation may begin.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Coal Formation
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
• Fossil fuels are found in many parts of the world. The United States has large reserves of petroleum, natural gas, and coal.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
How Do We Obtain Fossil Fuels?
• We get oil and natural gas from drilling into the Earth’s crust.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
How Do We Obtain Fossil Fuels?, continued
• We get coal from mining both above ground and below ground.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Problems with Fossil Fuels
• Although fossil fuels provide the energy we need, the methods of obtaining them and using them can have negative effects on the environment.
•Problems with oil:
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Problems with Fossil Fuels, continued
• Problems with natural gas:
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Problems with Fossil Fuels, continued
• Problems with coal:
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Lesson Summary• Energy resources are resources humans use to produce energy.
•Petroleum is liquid fossil fuels.
•Natural gas is gaseous fossil fuels.
•Coal is solid fossil fuels.
•Fossil fuels are found all around the world.
•Fossil fuels are obtained by drilling and mining.
•Fossil fuels cause many environmental issues, such as habitat destruction, smog, and water pollution.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels
Chapter 18
Question of the DayCompare the pictures of a wind farm, a solar energyfacility, and a hydroelectric dam. Which of thesealternative energy facilities, if any, might be wellsuited to your community?
Write your answer in full sentences.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Lesson’s Objectives
• Describe alternatives to the use of fossil fuels.
• List the good and bad of using alternative energy sources.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Alternative Resources
• Most of our energy comes from fossil fuels but remember, they are nonrenewable resources.
• Getting and using fossil fuels has environmental consequences.
•We must find alternative sources of energy.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Nuclear Energy • Nuclear energy - The energy released by a fission or fusion reaction; the binding energy of the atomic nucleus.
•In a nuclear reaction radioactive atoms interact with each other, when they do they give off lots of energy in the form of heat.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Nuclear Energy, continued• Good: Fuel source last a long time and does not pollute like fossil fuels.
•Bad: Makes dangerous radioactive waste and can be accidentally released into the environment.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Chemical Energy
• Some vehicles are powered by energy generated by fuel cells. Fuel cells power automobiles by converting chemical energy into electrical energy by reacting hydrogen and oxygen into water.
• Chemical energy is the energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Chemical Energy, continued• Good; Chemical energy only produces water by combining hydrogen and oxygen, so no pollution.
• Bad; It is expensive so companies don’t make a lot of them.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Solar Energy• Solar Energy- The energy received by the Earth from the sun in the form of radiation.
•The Earth gets more than enough solar energy to meet all of our energy needs, and this is a renewable resource.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Solar Energy, continued
• Good; it doesn’t produce pollution and it is renewable.
• Bad; it is expensive and sunlight can be spotty.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Wind Power
• Wind power is the use of a windmill to drive an electric generator.
• Good; it is renewable, and it doesn’t cause any pollution.
•Bad; in many areas, the wind isn’t strong enough or frequent enough to create energy on a large scale.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Hydroelectric Energy• Hydroelectric energy is electrical energy that is produced by falling water.
• Falling water turns turbines inside hydroelectric dams and generates electrical energy for millions of people.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Hydroelectric Energy, continued
• Good; it’s cheap, renewable, and doesn’t pollute.
• Bad; water is not available everywhere and building dams can alter habitats and harm animals.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Power from Plants
• Plants collect energy from the sun and store it in their cells.
• Leaves, wood, and other parts of plants contain the store energy.
• Biomass is organic matter that can be a source of energy.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Power from Plants, continued• Good; plants are renewable.
• Bad; these fuels have to be burned for the energy to be released so they pollute the air.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Power from Plants, continued• Gasohol- is a mixture of gasoline and alcohol that is used as fuel.
•Good; renewable resource.
•Bad; takes resources and land that can be used to make food for humans.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Energy from Within Earth• Geothermal Energy- energy produced by the heat within the Earth.
• In some areas, groundwater is heated by magma, or melted rock. Often, the heated groundwater becomes steam.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Energy from Within Earth, continued• The steam and hot water can also escape through wells drilled into the rock.
Section 3 Alternative Resources
Chapter 18
Lesson Summary•Humans must have energy resources in order to survive.
•There are many alternatives to using fossil fuels that are better for the environment.
•Some are renewable and cheap, some are more expensive and not available to everyone yet.
Section 2 Fossil Fuels