CHAPTER 15Absolutism and State Building in Europe,

1618-1715

The WestEncounters and Transformations

Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas

Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The Nature of Absolutism

II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain

III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe

IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Thomas Hobbes

Leviathan, 1651

I. The Nature of Absolutism

A. The Theory of Absolutism

Jean Bodin (1530?-1596)

Six Books of a Commonweal, 1576

divine right

Jacques Bossuet (1627-1704)

B. The Practice of Absolutism

Weaken representative assemblies

Undermine nobility

Control administration

C. Warfare and the Absolutist State

Philip II, Spain

1590's: army of 40,000

Louis XIV, France

Late 17th: 400,000

Training more important

Cost increases

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

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II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain

A. The Foundations of French Absolutism

Henry IV (1589-1610)

Duke of Sully

Louis XIII (1610-1643)

Marie de' Medici, regent

Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642)

intendants

La Rochelle

besieged, 1627-1628

Taille

300%, 1645-1648

Jules Mazarin (1602-1661)

succeeds Richelieu

B. Challenges

Fronde of the Parliament (1648-1649)

Fronde of the Princes (1650-1653)

Prince de Condé

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

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II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain

C. Louis XIV

personal rule from 1661

"Sun King"

Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683)

mercantilism

1685, revokes Edict of Nantes

Huguenots emigrate

The Culture of Absolutism

Patronage central

Academy of Fine Arts, 1661

Academy of Music, 1669

Comédie Française

Jean Baptiste Moliére (1622-1673)

Jean Racine (1639-1699)

Journal des savants

Académie des Sciences, 1666

Académie Française, 1635

Richelieu

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

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II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain

C. Louis XIV

The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667-1714

Germany

1697, Treaty of Ryswick

balance of power

Spain

Duke Philip of Anjou

War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713)

Grand Alliance:

British, Dutch, Austrians

1713, Treaty of Utrecht

The French Bourbons and the Spanish Succession1589-1610

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

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Culture

Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)

Don Quixote

Diego de Velásquez (1599-1660)

The Surrender of Breda, 1634

II. The Absolutist State in France and Spain

D. Absolutism and State Building in Spain

Unification

Aragon and Castile, 1479

Spanish Inquisition

Philip IV (1621-1665)

Count-Duke of Olivares (1587-1645)

millones

30 Years' War

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

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III. Absolutism and State Building in Central & Eastern Europe

A. Germany and the 30 Years' War, 1618-1648

1618, Defenestration of Prague

Diet

Bohemian Legislature, Protestant

Ferdinand II

Frederick V

1648, Treaty of Westphalia

German states

greater autonomy

Brandenburg-Prussia

Habsburg Austria

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

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III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe

B. The Growth of Prussia

Hohenzollerns

Brandenburg

1618, Prussia

Frederick William (1640-1688)

Elector

sons:

King Frederick I (1688-1713)

Frederick William I (1713-1740)

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

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C. The Austrian Habsburg Monarchy

Bohemia

Hungary, by 1713

Spanish Netherlands

30 Years' War

1620, Battle of White Mountain

Ferdinand II (1618-1637)

Persecution of Protestants

D. The Ottoman Empire

Western attitudes

stereotypes

Provincial autonomy

III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe

(B. The Growth of Prussia)

Junkers

State

General Directory, Berlin

Army

Diet of Brandenburg

last meeting, 1652

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe

E. Russia and the West

Peter I, the Great (1682-1725)Westernization

Great Northern War, 1700-1721

Sweden

military reform

Central council

St. Petersburg

Alexis I (1645-1676)

Fedor (1676-1682)

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic

A. The English Monarchy

Sir John Fortescue (1395-1477)

James I (1603-1625)

Stuart dynasty

divine right

Charles I (1625-1649)

War with Spain, 1625-1629

Parliament

Petition of Rights, 1628

dismissed until 1640

William Laud, archbishop

Scots

National Covenant, 1638

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic

B. The English Civil Wars and Revolution

Short Parliament

April-May, 1640

Long Parliament, November, 1640

impeaches royal administrators

1642, Civil War

Roundheads, parliamentarians

New Model Army

Cavaliers, royalists

1646, Parliament victorious

Charles imprisoned

1648, Civil War

Charles again defeated

Rump Parliament

1649, Charles tried

execution

creation of the Republic

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic

B. The English Civil Wars and Revolution

1647, Putney Debates

Levellers v. army

1653, Long Parliament dissolved

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)

1649, Protector

1658, death of Cromwell

Richard succeeds

1660, Monarchy restored

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic

C. Later Stuart Absolutism

The House of Stuart, 1603-1714

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

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IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic

C. Later Stuart Absolutism

Charles II (1660-1685)

James

Catholic

opposed by Whigs

Earl of Shaftsbury

James II (1685-1688)

relaxes restrictions on Catholics

son born, 1688

William III of Orange

invited as king

Convention

1689, offers crown to William and Mary

Bill of Rights

John Locke

Two Treatises on Government, 1690

Chapter 15: Absolutism and State Building in Europe, 1618-1715

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic

D. The Dutch Republic

1588, established

1648, confirmed by Spain

House of Orange

Merchants

middlemen

Banking

Exchange Bank

Hugo Grotius (1583-1645)

The Freedom of the Sea, 1609

The Law of War and Peace, 1625

(D. The Dutch Republic)

Religious Toleration

Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)

French Huguenots

English Whigs

Art

Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669)

Syndics of the Clothmakers of Amsterdam, 1662

Franz Hals (c.1580-1666)

Jan Steen (1626-1679)