Chapter 14Chapter 14

The New DealThe New Deal

Section 1: FDR and the Section 1: FDR and the First New DealFirst New Deal

Section ObjectivesSection Objectives1. Cite issues and events that persuaded 1. Cite issues and events that persuaded

voters to choose FDR as President.voters to choose FDR as President.

2. Detail the legislation of the Hundred Days2. Detail the legislation of the Hundred Days

3. Discuss FDR’s relationship with the public 3. Discuss FDR’s relationship with the public during the Hundred Days.during the Hundred Days.

FDR’s BackgroundFDR’s Background

Marriage to Eleanor RooseveltMarriage to Eleanor Roosevelt Distant relativesDistant relatives

1910, elected as a Democrat to the New York 1910, elected as a Democrat to the New York state legislaturestate legislature

Wilson appointed him assistant secretary of the Wilson appointed him assistant secretary of the navy for 7 yearsnavy for 7 years

1921, on vacation, suffered an attack of 1921, on vacation, suffered an attack of poliomyelitis—legs completely paralyzedpoliomyelitis—legs completely paralyzed

2 term governor of New York2 term governor of New York

Roosevelt VictoryRoosevelt Victory

Promoted conservative measures to end Promoted conservative measures to end the depressionthe depression

Promised direct action and relief effortsPromised direct action and relief efforts FDR employed all types of people to FDR employed all types of people to

work for himwork for him Once FDR took office, a flurry of intense Once FDR took office, a flurry of intense

legislation and policy began and didn’t legislation and policy began and didn’t give up for 3 months—Hundred Daysgive up for 3 months—Hundred Days

FDR’s New DealFDR’s New Deal

The Hundred DaysThe Hundred Days

Bank Crisis—38 states closed their Bank Crisis—38 states closed their banks, the other 10 were restrictivebanks, the other 10 were restrictive

Americans lost faith in banks—hoardingAmericans lost faith in banks—hoarding Sec. of Treasury, W. Woodin proposed a Sec. of Treasury, W. Woodin proposed a

plan to shut down all banks until stableplan to shut down all banks until stable ReliefRelief for the unemployed, for the unemployed, recovery recovery

measures to stimulate the economy, and measures to stimulate the economy, and reformreform laws to lessen economic threats. laws to lessen economic threats.

Emergency ReliefEmergency Relief

FERAFERA--$ million in its first 2 hours, but --$ million in its first 2 hours, but Roosevelt felt that dole would break down self Roosevelt felt that dole would break down self respect.respect.

Set up relief programs to put people back to Set up relief programs to put people back to work.work. CCCCCC—environmental projects—environmental projects PWAPWA—modernize the nation—modernize the nation NRANRA—standards for business—standards for business

leadersleaders

More ReliefMore Relief

AAAAAA—help farmers hurt by depression—help farmers hurt by depression TVATVA—dams on T. River for electricity—dams on T. River for electricity Reform LawsReform Laws

Truth-in-Securities ActTruth-in-Securities Act—eliminate fraud in —eliminate fraud in the stock market (companies sued)the stock market (companies sued)

Glass-Steagall Banking ActGlass-Steagall Banking Act—prohibit —prohibit banks from investing in stock market and banks from investing in stock market and established established FDICFDIC (insure deposits) (insure deposits)

Hundred Days Hundred Days successful?successful?

March 9-June 16, FDR proposed 15 bills. March 9-June 16, FDR proposed 15 bills. These 15 bills are known as the New These 15 bills are known as the New Deal.Deal.

FDR was a Democrat and Democrats FDR was a Democrat and Democrats controlled Congress—easy to pass bills.controlled Congress—easy to pass bills.

Are people back to Are people back to normal?normal?

FDR’s Fireside Chats

Section 2: Criticism and Section 2: Criticism and ReformulationReformulation

Dr. Francis E. Townsend—66 year old Dr. Francis E. Townsend—66 year old retired physicianretired physician

Wanted to aid the aged and stimulate the Wanted to aid the aged and stimulate the economy—everyone over age 60 retireeconomy—everyone over age 60 retire

Free jobs, retired receive $200 per month Free jobs, retired receive $200 per month as long as they spend it in 30 daysas long as they spend it in 30 days

Help elderly and create more jobs, Help elderly and create more jobs, elderly become discontentelderly become discontent

New Deal: Big Deal!New Deal: Big Deal!

National income rose 25% in 1934National income rose 25% in 1934 Factories were producing goodsFactories were producing goods Farmers refinanced mortgagesFarmers refinanced mortgages Millions were getting relief or had jobsMillions were getting relief or had jobs But…incomes were still below precrash But…incomes were still below precrash

levels, 13% lesslevels, 13% less Farm prices were 28% behind and 20% Farm prices were 28% behind and 20%

of working population still unemployedof working population still unemployed

Protests of Tenant Protests of Tenant FarmersFarmers

AAA—wanted land lay fallow, farmers AAA—wanted land lay fallow, farmers chose Tenant land to go unplantedchose Tenant land to go unplanted

Share checks with tenant farmers, they Share checks with tenant farmers, they didn’t and tenant farmers forced to movedidn’t and tenant farmers forced to move

STFU—Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union STFU—Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union went on strike to obtain raises and went on strike to obtain raises and wanted Dept. of Agriculture to give them wanted Dept. of Agriculture to give them portion of AAA check.portion of AAA check.

Voices of LaborVoices of Labor

NIRA—permitted all workers to join NIRA—permitted all workers to join unions and go on strikeunions and go on strike

Unions added 1 million workersUnions added 1 million workers Workers tended to form more strikesWorkers tended to form more strikes In 1934, 1.5 million workers staged 1,800 In 1934, 1.5 million workers staged 1,800

strikesstrikes Employers fired or intimidated workers Employers fired or intimidated workers

who tried to start strikeswho tried to start strikes

Father Charles E. Father Charles E. CoughlinCoughlin

Catholic Priest, radio showCatholic Priest, radio show Coughlin attacked Jews and blamed Coughlin attacked Jews and blamed

them for the economic problemsthem for the economic problems Wanted wealth to be redistributedWanted wealth to be redistributed Church superiors silenced Coughlin’s Church superiors silenced Coughlin’s

radio show.radio show. Huey Long—Share Our WealthHuey Long—Share Our Wealth

Attack from Attack from Conservatives and courtsConservatives and courts

Business leaders thought FDR was Business leaders thought FDR was interfering too much w/ businesses and interfering too much w/ businesses and spending too much $ on relief.spending too much $ on relief.

Nation toward socialismNation toward socialism 1934, unhappy business men and 1934, unhappy business men and

politicians formed the American Liberty politicians formed the American Liberty League to destroy the New DealLeague to destroy the New Deal

CourtsCourts

Overturned the NIRA and AAAOverturned the NIRA and AAA Said gov’t had too much power over Said gov’t had too much power over

small businessessmall businesses Roosevelt faced opposition from many Roosevelt faced opposition from many

people, so he decided to revamp his people, so he decided to revamp his recovery and reform policies and create recovery and reform policies and create his Second New Dealhis Second New Deal

Dust BowlDust Bowl

Role of Geography—Great Plains flat Role of Geography—Great Plains flat and lie east of Rocky Mountains, High and lie east of Rocky Mountains, High winds on the plain, Rain shadow east of winds on the plain, Rain shadow east of RockiesRockies

Farmer alter land—Farmers cleared trees Farmer alter land—Farmers cleared trees and grasses for crops, planted one crop and grasses for crops, planted one crop and cleared the crop leaving the soil and cleared the crop leaving the soil vulnerable to wind.vulnerable to wind.

Dust BowlDust Bowl

Government changes to protect the landGovernment changes to protect the land—passed the Soil Conservation Act —passed the Soil Conservation Act (gave them saplings and paid them to (gave them saplings and paid them to learn new techniques like terrace farming learn new techniques like terrace farming and crop rotation.)and crop rotation.)

Government planted trees in shelter belts Government planted trees in shelter belts and hedge rows.and hedge rows.