CHAPTER 14EFFECTIVE DELIVERY

ObjectivesExplain the components of an effective deliveryUnderstand what delivery means and how it applies to oral communicationIdentify types of nonverbal communication and their effectsUse appropriate delivery techniques to gain command of your informationUse effective verbal and nonverbal strategies in presentations Evaluate the effectiveness of your own and others’ presentations

Delivery

You have no real speaking style until you actually speak; therefore, the manner in which you speak is called your delivery.

Delivery is the mode or manner you use to transmit messages to your audience.

It’s not what you say, but how you say it. It is your style of presentation, your

personalized means of giving life and importance to your words.

Messages+Communication=Delivery

Four Types of Delivery

Manuscript Method Memorized Method Extemporaneous Method Impromptu Method

Manuscript Method Your speech is written out word for word Your speech is delivered from podium You read primarily from your speech as it is

delivered Unlikely to make an error in the content of your

speech Often used when speaking to very large groups Used by politicians/elected officials (in

coordination with a TelePrompTer), business leaders, and sports figures

Only use one side of the paper

Manuscript Method-Pros & Cons

Pros: Functions as a “security blanket” Allows speakers to be more comfortable with

their audience Good practice for new speakersCons: Can lose touch with your audience No eye contact with your audience because you

are so focused on reading your manuscript If you don’t connect with your audience, they

will likely tune you out

Memorized Method

Every word of your speech is committed to memory No notes; no papers; no podium It’s best to memorize your speech in small sections and

build upon each section until you can deliver the entire speech aloud

The most important parts of your speech to memorize are the first and final lines so you can be confident about the beginning and ending of your speech

Always have a “safety valve” in case you forget where you are in your speech-statistic, anecdote-to help you buy time to get back on track

Oral Interpretation Speech

Memorized Method-Pros & Cons

Pros: You know everything you will say and doCons: You may become more tense if you forget a

piece of your speech or movement You spend so much time thinking of the words

and movements that you forget to share your message honestly

Can tend to rush through the delivery without articulating and enunciating your words

Can appear “robot” like in your delivery

Extemporaneous Method

Use an outline to keep your prepared ideas in order On the spot freedom to choose the words you use to voice

those ideas Verbal flexibility Use note cards with words, phrases, or transitions for easy

delivery flow of your message Free to do some thinking on your feet during delivery Most believable delivery method Allows you to be you to connect with your audience

logically and emotionally Informative Speech

Extemporaneous MethodPros & Cons

Pros: You can be natural in your delivery You can look at your audience and know where you are

going in your speech Can see how the audience is reacting, get immediate

feedback, and make adjustments if needed Your body is allowed to become part of the communication

processCons: Must have command of your note cards--not too many, not

too many notes on each card, must be comfortable utilizing them during delivery (practice, practice, practice)

Can flub up fluency or forget something you wanted to say

Impromptu Method

Not rehearsed Instant communication Spontaneous speaking or “off the cuff” Little time for preparation Don’t speak for very long Requires you to know your audience Must have a quick mind and instant audience analysis Most frightening of the delivery methods Most type of method you will do during your lifetime

Impromptu MethodPros & Cons

Pros: You can be yourself Makes you believable Can come across as witty and intelligent Can be impressive if you have the talent, organizational

skills and confidence to pull it offCons: No notes Can lose your train of thought and appear disorganized Can find yourself at a loss for words or vocabulary “Dead space”=Vocalized pauses (like, uh, and yeah) used

as fillers and can become distracting to an audience as it breaks the flow of your delivery

Can lead to lack of confidence

Four Types of Delivery-Review*The best type of delivery incorporates all four

types in your speaking*

What are the four types of delivery? 1. 2. 3. 4. What are the pros and cons of each type?

Type Pro Con

Using Your Voice Power source: The energy that makes things go; the

entire vocal process Vocal process: The breathing/vocal system which creates

human sound Phonation: Voice production Rate: The speed at which you speak; the average rate is

120-180 wpm Pitch: The vocal notes; highs and lows of your voice Monotone: Delivery of your words at the same rate and

pitch Inflection: Altering your vocal tone and pitch Volume: The loudness or softness of your voice Articulation: The crispness with which you say the syllables

in each word Pronunciation: How you say the sounds of a word properly

and stressing the correct syllable

Using Your VoiceThe Respiratory System

Using Your VoiceThe Respiratory System

Diaphragm >Power source for breathing>Muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal area>Reaches from the front of the ribs to the spine>Produces an effective voice

Lungs>Not muscles >Flow of air

>Needs to be filled with air from the diaphragm Bronchioles/Bronchi>Main air passageway into the lungs

that split off from the trachea Trachea>Windpipe Larynx>Voice box/vocal cords Pharynx>Oral cavity in the back of the mouth and nose Nasal cavity>Large air filled space above and behind the

nose in the middle of the face

Using Your Body When you deliver a speech, what you do with

your body conveys a nonverbal message to the audience

A well constructed stance or posture is essential if you want to communicate a positive message to your audience

Keep your body movement centralized All body movement during a speech should have

a rhythmic flow that is fluid, natural, and fits with the words being spoken

Using Your BodyPlatform Movement

Walking or stepping in a purposeful manner from one spot to another while speaking

Effective when going from one section of a speech to another, for changing emotional appeal, or when it feels natural

Move in a comfortable, relaxed manner by leading with the leg in the direction you are moving

Move toward your audience; vary your direction Be aware of proxemics (the physical space you leave

between you and your audience) Three step method: Take your first step, cross over with the

second step, then move the first leg forward so that you are once again standing firmly on both feet; good for smaller areas and easy to control

Five step method: Just like the three step method, but add two more steps; good for larger speaking areas; be careful not to lose your train of thought as you move

Using Your BodyGestures

Actions in which the body or parts of the body move to express an idea or emotion (remember Chapter 5?)

Should be natural and fit what you are saying Should not be artificial or your audience will notice and no

longer be interested in what you have to say Usually associated with the arms, hands, shoulders, and the

head Works best when all the parts work together Be careful gesturing with your hands; bring them up and

out; they are to add to your message Use the gesture zone: an imaginary box in front you similar

to a television screen; do not go above your shoulders The goal is to keep the audience focused on your face

Using Your BodyLift and Lay

Lift your arms and hands so that they move comfortably up and out, then lay your hands at the end of a gesture as if you were laying them on an imaginary table

Keep all parts within the gesture zone Gives added importance to your message Gives a sense of control and finality to your

gesture

Using Your BodyThe “String” Idea (Puppeteer)

Imagine you have a long piece of string and it runs between both hands and is tied around your neck

Place one arm through the loop (like a sling) What happens when you move your arm? The “string” idea is a good way to remind yourself

to keep the upper portion of your body actively involved when gesturing – just how all the parts of a puppet move when certain strings move

Using Your BodyThe Don’ts

The Flyaway>Your hands shoot out from your sides like missiles and appear to have no direction

The Judo Chop>You appear to mercilessly and repeatedly hatchet your message into the minds of your audience

The Penguin Wave>Your hands are down at your side and you attempt to gesture by flicking your wrists or fingers as a penguin might flick its

wings while walking on land

Using Your Face Your face is the most important nonverbal element in an

effective delivery Determines whether someone is believed or not Shows your listeners how you feel about them, how you feel

about your material, and how you feel about yourself as a speaker

If your face shows fear, you lose credibility with your audience

The eyes are the most important part of the face in delivering your message

Eye contact with your audience creates a positive impression with your audience

Be careful of tunnel vision; speak to zones and individuals for no longer than two seconds; don’t speak to walls or things

Watch for your audience’s expressions for instant feedback during your delivery to see if you need to adjust

Using Your BodyReview

What type of movement takes steps and moves from one spot to another?

You can control your hands when you are gesturing by being aware of ________________

You should involve your entire __________ when you gesture.

What is a method of showing you how your head and shoulders should be an active extension of arm gestures?

What are three eye contact strategies?