CHAPTER 13

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

CHAPTER 13

• DESCRIBES HOW TO CARE FOR SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS.

• IT ALSO DESCRIBES HOW TO TAKE CARE OF THE TEETH, EYES, AND EARS.

• BELLRINGER-WHAT KIND OF PERSONAL CARE DO YOU DO?

LESSON 1

• PROPER CARE OF SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS IS IMPORTANT FOR KEEPING THE WHOLE BODY HEALTHY

• BELLRINGER-WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF SUNSCREEN?

LESSON 1HEALTHY

SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS• BIG IDEA-CARE FOR THE

SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS IS NECESSARY FOR GOOD HEALTH

• THE SKIN PROTECTS THE BODY PATHOGENS,REGULATES BODY TEMPERATURE, AND FEELS SENSATIONS.

YOUR SKIN

• SKIN PROTECTS YOU FROM PATHOGENS, REGULATES YOUR BODY TEMPERATURE, AND HELPS YOU FEEL SENSATIONS.

• SKIN-IS THE LARGEST ORGAN ON THE BODY.

• SKIN CONSISTS OF 2 MAIN LAYERS• EPIDERMIS-IS THE OUTER,THINNER

LAYER OF THE SKIN.

• DERMIS-IS THE THICKER LAYER OF SKIN BENEATH THE EPIDERMIS THAT IS MADE UP OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES.

• LIPIDS-CELLS IN THE EPIDERMIS THAT MAKES IT WATERPROOF.

• MELANIN-A PIGMENT THAT GIVES THE SKIN,HAIR,AND IRIS OF THEIR EYES THEIR COLOR.

• THE MORE MELANIN YOU HAVE IN YOUR SKIN THE DARKER THE SKIN.

THE SKIN PERFORMS 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS:

1. PROTECTION-PROTECTS YOU FROM PATHOGENS AND INTERNAL DAMAGE. SKIN REPAIRS ITSELF TO KEEP PATHOGENS FROM ENTERING THE BODY.

2.TEMPERATURE CONTROL-AS BODY TEMPERATURE BEGINS TO RISE, THE BLOOD VESSELS IN YOUR SKIN DILATE, ALLOWING HEAT TO ESCAPE THROUGH THE SKIN’S SURFACE. SWEAT GLANDS –COOL THE SKIN.

• 3.SENSATION-SKIN IS A MAJOR SENSE ORGAN.

• STUDY THE SKIN DIAGRAM PAGE 357.

• SEBACEOUS GLANDS-STRUCTURES WITHIN THE SKIN THAT PRODUCE AN OILY SECRETION CALLED SEBUM.

KEEP YOUR SKIN HEALTHY

• 1.WASH WITH MILD SOAP AND WATER

• 2.AVOID TOUCHING YOUR FACE WITH HANDS, BECAUSE YOU HANDS HAVE BACTERIA.

• CHOOSE PERSONAL SKIN CARE PRODUCTS

• WELL BALANCED EATING PLAN

• UV PROTECTION-SUNTAN IS DAMAGED SKIN FROM UV RADIATION

• CAN LEAD TO SKIN CANCER• WEAR SUNSCREEN• WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING• WEAR SUNGLASSES• AVOID TANNING BEDS

• BODY PIERCING AND TATTOOING• PERAMENT• POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS-BREAKS

THE PHYSICAL BARRIER OF THE SKIN

• INFECTIONS LIMIT JOB OPPORTUNITIES RELATIONSHIPS

• HEPATITIS• HIV

• SKIN PROBLEMS• AFFECT SELF IMAGE• COMMON SKIN PROBLEMS1. ACNE-WHEN PORES IN THE SKIN

ARE CLOGGED,BACTERIA CAUSES INFLAMMATION, AND PUS FORMS.

TOUCHING AND PICKING MAY CAUSE SCARRING.

• 2.WARTS-ARE CAUSED BY A VIRUS.• 3.DERMATITIS OR ECZEMA-

INFLAMED OR SCALY PATCH OF SKIN.

• 4.FUNGAL INFECTIONS-RINGWORM AND ATHLETE’S FOOT ARE INFECTIONS THAT SPREAD BY CONTACT WITH SKIN.

• 5.BOILS- THESE FORM WHEN HAIR FOLLICLES –SACS OR CAVITIES THAT SURROUND THE ROOTS OF HAIRS-BECOME INFECTED.

• 6.VITILIGO-CONDITION THAT PATCHES OF SKIN LOSE MELANIN AND HAVE NO PIGMENT.

• 7.MOLES-CERTAIN TYPES MAY CAUSE MELANOMA

• MOST SERIOUS FORM OF SKIN CANCER.

• LOOK AT THE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 360.

• SEVERE ACNE SHOULD ALWAYS BE TREATED BY A DERMATOLOGIST.

YOUR HAIR

• YOUR HAIR PROTECTS YOUR SKIN FROM UV RADIATION AND HELPS MAINTAIN BODY HEAT.

• HAIR GROWS ON EVERY SURFACE OF THE SKIN EXCEPT FOR THE PALMS OF YOUR HAND AND THE SOLES OF YOUR FEET.

• HAIR IS COMPOSED OF DEAD CELLS ,LIVING CELLS IN THE EPIDERMIS MAKE NEW HAIRS AND CAUSE HAIR GROWTH.

• EYEBROWS AND EYELASHES PROTECTS THE EYES FROM DUST AND OTHER PARTICLES.

• KEEPS HEAT IN.

• REGULAR SHAMPOOING WILL KEEP YOUR HAIR HEALTHY.

• HEATING HAIR ITEMS WILL MAKE YOUR HAIR BRITTLE AND DRY.

• HAIR PROBLEMS• DANDRUFF-THE DEAD SKIN CELLS

THAT ARE SHED AS STICKY WHITE FLAKES WHEN THE SCALP IS TOO DRY.

• HEAD LICE-ARE TINY PARASITIC INSECTS THAT ARE LIVE IN THE SCALP HAIR OF HUMANS. THEY FEED ON THE BLOOD FROM THE SCALP.

• LICE CAN INFECT ANYONE.• USE MEDICATED SHAMPOO CAN

KILL ORGANISMS. MUST CLEAN EVERYTHING!!!

YOUR NAILS

• NAILS HELP PROTECT YOUR FINGERS AND TOES.

• NAILS- ARE MADE OF CLOSELY PACKED DEAD CELLS THAT CONTAIN KERATIN.

• KEEP THEM CLEAN AND EVENLY TRIMMED.

• TRIM TOENAILS STRAIGHT ACROSS TO REDUCE A RISK OF INGROWN NAILS.

LESSON 2 HEALTHY TEETH AND

MOUTH• BIG IDEA-YOUR TEETH AND MOUTH

NEED CARE TO FUNCTION WELL AND KEEP YOU HEALTHY.

• BELLRINGER-WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO HAVE HEALTHY TEETH?

YOUR TEETH

• EVERY TOOTH HAS 3 PARTS.• HEALTHY TEETH IMPORTANT FOR

YOUR APPEARANCE.• BREAK DOWN FOOD • SHAPE YOU MOUTH

PARTS OF A TOOTH

• PERIODONTIUM-IS THE AREA IMMEDIATELY AROUND THE TOOTH.

• IT IS MADE UP OF THE GUM,PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS,AND THE JAWBONE.

• SUPPORT THE TOOTH AND HOLD IT IN PLACE.

TOOTH

• 3 MAIN PARTS• CROWN,NECK,ROOT• CROWN-IS THE VISIBLE PORTION

OF THE TOOTH.• IT IS PROTECTED WITH ENAMEL, A

HARD SUBSTANCE MADE OF CALCIUM.

• DENTIN- LAYER BENEATH THE ENAMEL, A LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE SHAPE AND HARDNESS OF THE TOOTH.

• PULP-IS THE TISSUE THAT CONTAINS THE BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES OF A TOOTH.

• STUDY THE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 364.

• THE NECK OF THE TOOTH IS BETWEEN THE CROWN AND THE ROOT.

• KEEPING YOUR TEETH AND MOUTH HEALTHY

• YOU CAN MAKE CHOICES THAT HELP KEEP YOUR TEETH AND MOUTH CLEAN AND HEALTHY.

• ORAL HYGIENE-BRUSHING AND FLOSSING YOUR TEETH.

• ACID BREAKS DOWN THE ENAMEL AND TOOTH DECAY OCCURS WHEN THE ENAMEL IS DESTROYED.

• PLAQUE-IS A COMBINATION OF BACTERIA AND OTHER PARTICLES SUCH AS SMALL BITS OF FOOD.

• PLAQUE BUILDS UP AND CAUSE A CAVITY AND IF THE DECAY SPREADS DOWN TO THE PULP THE TOOTH WILL HAVE TO BE REMOVED.

• VISIT A DENTIST REGULARLY AND KEEP YOUR TEETH AND GUMS HEALTHY.

TOOTH AND MOUTH PROBLEMS

• NEGLECTING YOUR TEETH CAN RESULT IN PROBLEMS.

1. HALITOSIS-BAD BREATH2. PERIODONTAL DISEASE-AN

INFLAMMATION OF THE PERIODONTAL STRCTURES-IS CAUSED BY BACTERIAL INFECTION.

• TARTAR-A HARD CRUSTLIKE STRUCTURE.-WHEN PLAQUE HARDENS.

• GINGIVITIS-GUMS ARE IRRITATED AND SWOLLEN.

• 3. MALOCCLUSION-A MISALIGNMENT OF THE UPPER AND LOWER TEETH OR BAD BITE.

• 4. IMPACTED WISDOM TEETH-SOMETIMES CROWD AND PUSH ON THE OTHER TEETH OR BECOME INFECTED.

LESSON 3HEALTHY EYES AND

EARS• BIG IDEA-EYES AND EARS ARE

SENSITIVE ORGANS THAT NEED PROTECTIVE CARE.

• BELLRINGER-WHAT ARE SOME STRUCTURES OF THE EYE?

YOUR EYES

• THE EYES AND THEIR SUPPORTING STRUCTURES ARE COMPLEX PARTS.

• MOST OF THE SENSORY INFORMATION THAT TRAVELS TO YOUR BRAIN COMES FROM LIGHT SIGNALS RECEIVED BY YOUR EYES.

• LACRIMAL GLAND-SECRETES TEARS INTO THE EYE THROUGH DUCTS.

• TEARS ARE MADE OF WATER, SALTS,MUCUS, AND A SUBSTANCE THAT PROTECTS THE EYE FROM INFECTION.

• PARTS OF THE EYE• THE EYE CONSISTS OF THE OPTIC

NERVE AND 3 LAYERS OF THE EYEBALL WALL.

• THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE EYE IS MADE UP OF THE SCLERA AND THE CORNEA.

• SCLERA-THE WHITE PART OF THE EYE-IS COMPOSED OF TOUGH,FIBROUS TISSUE THAT PROTECTS THE INNER LAYERS OF THE EYE AND SUPPORTS AND SHAPES THE EYEBALL.

• CORNEA-IS A TRANSPARENT TISSUE THAT BENDS AND FOCUSES LIGHT BEFORE IT ENTERS THE LENS.

• CHOROID-THE MIDDLE LAYER OD THE EYE.

• IRIS- COLORED PORTION OF THE EYE.

• PUPIL-IS THE HOLE THROUGH WHICH LIGHT REACHES THE INNER EYE.

• THE MUSCLES OF THE IRIS CONTROLS THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL.

• EX. WITH LIGHTS ON AND OFF• RETINA-IS THE INNER LAYER IF THE

EYE WALL.

• CONTAINS MILLIONS OF LIGHT SENSITIVE CELLS.

• RODS-ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO LIGHT AND ALLOW US TO SEE DIM LIGHT.

• CONES-FUNCTION IN BRIGHT LIGHT AND ALLOW US TO SEE COLOR.

• OPTIC NERVE- IS THE NERVE IMPULSES TRAVELS TO THE BRAIN THROUGH THE OPTIC NERVE WHICH IS LOCATED AT THE BACK OF THE EYE.

• LENS-IS LOCATED BEHIND THE IRIS AND THE PUPIL.

• AQUEOUS HUMOR-IS THE ARE BETWEEN THE CORNEA AND THE LENS.

• IT IS A WATERY FLUID WHICH PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO THE EYE.

• VITREOUS HUMOR-IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE LENS AND RETINA THERE IS A CAVITY FILLED THIS GELATIN LIKE SUBSTANCE.

• HELPS THE EYEBALL STAY FIRM AND THE EYE ITS SHAPE.

VISION

• WHEN LIGHT PASSES THROUGH THE CORNEA,PUPIL,AND LENS TO REACH THE RETINA, AN IMAGE IS FORMED.

• THE BRAIN TRANSLATES THE NERVE IMPULSES INTO IMAGES THAT YOU RECOGNIZE.

• NORMAL VISION IS 20/20• 20 FEET FROM AN EYE CHART AND

READ THE TOP 8 LINES.• 2 COMMON VISION DISORDERS• NEARSIGHTEDNESS-CAN NOT SEE

FAR AWAY• FARSIGHTEDNESS-CAN NOT SEE

CLOSE UP.

• 20/60 VISION IS NEARSIGHTED• STUDY THE CHART ON PAGE 370• EYE PROBLEMS• KEEPING YOUR EYES HEALTHY• MAKING HEALTHY CHOICES WILL

KEEP YOUR EYES HEALTHY.

1. FOLLOW A WELL-BALANCED EATING PLAN

2. PROTECT YOUR EYES

3. REST YOUR EYES REGULARLY

4. GET REGULAR EYE EXAMS

YOUR EARS

• THE INNER, MIDDLE, AND OUTER EAR WORK TOGETHER SO YOU CAN HEAR.

• BELLRINGER• WHAT IS HEARING?

• THE EAR CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 MAIN SECTIONS.

• THE OUTER EAR-IS THE VISIBLE PART OF THE EAR., CALLED THE AURICLE.

• AURICLE CHALLENGES SOUND WAVES INTO THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL , APASSAGE WAY ABOUT 1 INCH LONG.

• THE CANAL LEADS TO THE REMAINING PORTION OF THE OUTER EAR CALLED THE EARDRUM.

• EARDRUM-IS A THIN MEMBRANE THAT ACTS AS A BARRIER BETWEEN THE OUTER AND MIDDLE EAR.

• THE MIDDLE EAR-DIRECTLY BEHIND THE EARDRUM THERE ARE 3 SMALL BONES LINKED TOGETHER THAT CONNECT THE EARDRUM TO THE INNER EAR. HAMMER, AVIL, STIRRUP(AUDITORY OSSICLES)

• STIRRUP- SMALLEST BONE IN THE BODY.

• MIDDLE EAR CONNECTED TO THE THROAT-SWALLOW \YAWN EQUALIZES PRESSURE ON EACH SIDE OF THE EARDRUM.

• THE INNER EAR-CONSISTS OF NETWORK OF CURVED AND SPIRAL PASSAGES THAT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 MAIN PARTS.

• COCHLEA-A SPIRAL SHAPED CANAL, IS THE AREA OF HEARING IN THE INNER EAR.

• VESTIBULE AND THE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS ARE WHERE BALANCE IS CONTROLLED.

HEARING AND BALANCE

• RECEPTORS-IN YOUR INNER EAR STIMULATED BY A SOUND WAY.

• IMPULSE IS SENT TO THE BRAIN-AUDITORY NERVE.

• THE BRAIN MAKES ADJUSTMENTS TO MAINTAIN BALANCE.

KEEPING YOUR EARS HEALTHY

• CARING OF YOUR EARS HELPS PREVENT IRRITATION,INJURY,INFECTION, AND DAMAGE TO THE EARS, AS WELL AS HEARING LOSS.

• IF YOU HAVE AN EAR INFECTION SEE A DOCTOR.

• MIDDLE EAR INFECTIONS CAN DAMAGE THE STRUCTURE OF THE EAR.

• PROTECT EARS IN COLD WEATHER• KEEP FOREIGN

OBJECTS,INCLUDING COTTON-TIPPED SWABS, OUT OF THE EAR CANAL.

PREVENTING HEARING LOSS

• EXPOSURE TO LOUD NOISES CAN LEAD TO TEMPORARY AND SOMETIMES PERMANENT HEARING LOSS,OR DEAFNESS, OVER TIME.

• CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS-SOUND WAVES ARE NOT PASSED FROM THE OUTER EAR TO THE INNER EAR. EX. MIDDLE-EAR INFECTIONS.

• SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS-BIRTH DEFECT,EXPOSURE TO NOISE,GROWING OLDER,AND MEDICATION PROBLEMS.

• TINNITUS-A CONDITION IN WHICH A RINGING,BUZZING,WHISTLING,ROARING,HISSING, OR OTHER SOUND IS HEARD IN THE EAR.