Chapter 1 Section 4

The Reformation Continues

Other Reformation Movements

• John Calvin 1509-1564(Calvinism) wanted a theocracy to rule. Strict rules. Predestination (God has already chosen those to save. The “elect”) p61

• John Knox (Presbyterians) community churches led by laymen, elders (presbyters) became official religion of Scotland in 1560’s. Got rid of Mary Queen of Scots, replaced by son James. p62

• Anabaptists—people who believed that people should make informed decision to join a church and were baptized again. Church and state should be separate.

Reformation Leaders

John Calvin 1509-1564

John Knox 1513-

1572

Huldrych Zwingli

1484-1531

Ignatius of Loyola 1491 -1556

Marguerite of Navarre 1492-1549

Catholic Reformation

• Catholic Church saw need to repair itself

– Ignatius of Loyola: spiritual prayers and

meditation about Jesus would cleanse soul

– Pope creates order of Jesuits from followers of

Loyola to do three things

• Start schools of Classical and theological study

• Convert non-Christians by sending missionaries

around the world

• Stop spread of Protestantism

• Council of Trent-1545-1563 —Catholic bishops and

Cardinals agree on important topics”

– Church’s interpretation of Bible was final

– Faith and good works needed for salvation

– Bible and Church instruction were equal authorities for

guiding Christian living

– Indulgences were valid expressions of faith

• Index of Forbidden Books was created to list

books dangerous for Catholics to read and many

were burned in bonfires across Europe

Legacy of Reformation

• Protestant Churches flourish

• New types of Christianity develop

• Roman Catholic Church became more unified and made some reforms

• Emphasis on education became important for Protestants

• Individual monarchs gain power as Church loses power and influence

• Questioning of beliefs and authority set foundation for Age of Enlightenment in 18th Century